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/APPLIED  J  IM^RE  .  Inc 

1683  East  Mam  StrMi 
ROGhMMr.  NY  14«08  USA 
Ptwn«:  716/4«2-0300 
Fax:  716/28a-SSN 


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Microfiche 
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(iMonograplis) 


ICMH 

Coilection  de 
microfiches 
(monographies) 


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Canadian  InatHuta  for  Historical  Microraproductiona  /  InatHut  Canadian  da  microraproductiona  liistoriquaa 


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Tkt  iMtitMtt  liM  ammpiMl  to  obuin  «M 
copy  tMilaMt  t«f  tilinmt-  PMtMmofHiw 
NMv  to  MriMfiapliiMMy  Mm9«M.  (wMdi  hm) 
o(  IM  imaiM  in  tiM  rt^f  odyctien.  orwhiili 
ii«nif  iMntfy  ««Mn«i  iIm  «m«m|  mtukui  •! 


kMlMifiiMl 
•iMf  any 


SCelotirad  coMri/ 
CoMwrtyra  4a  cowlraf 


□  CoMrt 
CoyMrtura 


□  €•««»  fMtorad  «i4/«r  tammmtM 
Cmnmtw  rMtatwAa  M/att  piMlmlta 

□  CoMT  titia  MiHmt/ 
U  titra  tfa  CMMTtyra 


D 


CmIM  fliotf  AoHioyM  mi  soulMif 


0ColmMad  ink  (i.a.  ottiar  tfian  Mut  or  Mack)/ 
Enara  tfn  aeylaiK  (i.a.  awtra  mm  Wave  om  noift) 

SCdoyfad  plaiat  and/or  iMusuatiom/ 


n 


flanolMs  at/oM  tUutuatiom  an  aoMlawf 

Bound  with  othar  maMrial/ 
Ralia  avac  d'ayuai  deeumantt 


|~~n  Ti#il  binding  may  cauia  ikadaiin  or  distortion 


La  ralitr  J  larrte  paot  c 


r  da  yawkf  a  oo  da  la 


□  Bianii  laavas  aooao  oof Nif  i 
witliin  tna  tajct*  Mf  kanavar 


I  mioration  nay 


II  la  pmtt  mm 
km  d'iMia  mtaoration 
Mail,  ion^iia  aala  teit 
tm  M  filwiat. 


Q  Additional  commanti:/ 
Commantairat  HipplAniantairaK 


kmiiiif  wiatiliiiiiiia 


L'l 
MaM 


«H*H 


OHWd 

la  whkadi  wtmaia  da  fiknata 


as: 

D 


ai/oM 


□  QuaHty  of  »rint  aariat/ 
Oualiti  in«gala  da  I'taipraMioo 


D 
0 


kidajilat)/ 
M  Idas)  indax 


Tida  on  kaadar  takan  from:/ 
La  titfa  da  ran-Mia  proviant: 


□  Titla#ataofita 
Niadatitnda 


laliwaison 


itdamlalaKiB.  I — I  Caption  of  iMia/ 

paiatn'ont  LJ  Titit  da  dipart  da  la  liwaiMn 

I iMaMkaad/ 

LJ  Oiniri^ya  Wriodi^yai)  da  la  livraiMn 

Pagas  irttelly  obacurad  by  tUauaa  bavo  boon  rofllaad  to  onauro  tbo  boat 
poaalblo  lawgo. 


Thia  itaM  ii  f  iknad  at  tba  radoetion  ratio  choafcad  halow/ 
Ca  docymant  att  f  itaU  ay  tayM  da  rMyetion  indiqu*  ci-dassoya. 
10X  UX  lax 


22X 


MX 


SOX 


TTTTI 


12X 


ItX 


aox 


MX 


2IX 


32X 


Th«  copy  filmad  h«r»  Hm  bMn  raproduexf  thank* 
to  th«  gwMrosity  of: 

National  Library  of  Canada 


Tha  imagaa  appoaring  haro  w  tlia  boat  quality 
poMiblo  conaMaring  tha  condition  and  lagiblllty 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaaplng  with  tha 
filming  contract  apacifleations. 


Original  copiaa  in  printad  papar  covara  ara  filmad 
baglnning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
ti;a  last  paga  with  a  printad  or  llluatratad  impraa- 
aton.  or  tha  back  covar  whan  appropriata.  All 
othar  original  copiaa  ara  filmad  baglnning  on  Mm 
firat  paga  with  a  printad  or  llluatratad  Impraa- 
alon,  and  anding  on  tha  laat  paga  with  a  printad 
or  llluatratad  Impraaaion. 


Tha  laat  racordad  frama  on  aach  mieroficha 
ahall  contain  tha  aymboi  — ^  (moaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  aymboi  ▼  (moaning  "END"), 
whichavar  appllaa. 

Mapa.  plataa.  charta.  ate.  may  ba  filmad  at 
diffarant  raduetion  ratioa.  Thoaa  too  larga  to  ba 
antiraly  includad  in  ona  axpoaura  ara  filmad 
baglnning  in  tha  uppar  laft  hand  cornar.  laft  to 
right  and  top  to  bottrm.  aa  many  framaa  aa 
raquiiad.  Tha  following  diagram*  illuatrata  tha 
mathod: 


L'axamplaira  film*  fut  raproduit  grica  A  la 
g«n«roait«  da: 

■IMIothAciua  nationala  du  Canada 


im  imagaa  auhrantaa  ont  «t«  raprodultaa  avac  la 
Plua  grand  aoln.  compta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattat*  da  raxamplaira  fiim«.  at  mn 
conformit*  avac  laa  condltiona  du  contrat  da 
filmaga. 

Laa  axamplalraa  originauii  dont  la  couvortura  mn 
popior  aat  ImprimAa  aont  filmte  an  commaneant 
por  la  pramiar  plat  at  an  tarminant  aolt  par  la 
'larnMra  paga  qui  eomporta  una  amprainta 
d  impraaaion  ou  d'illuatration.  aolt  par  la  sacond 
ptot.  aalon  la  eaa.  Toua  laa  autraa  axampiairaa 
originaux  aont  filmia  an  commanpant  par  la 
prami«ra  paga  qui  eomporta  una  amprainta 
d  Impraaaioii  ou  d'illuatration  at  an  tarminant  par 
M  damiara  paga  qui  eomporta  una  talla 
amprainta. 

Un  daa  aymbolaa  auhranta  apparaftra  aur  la 
darnlAra  imaga  da  chaqua  mieroficha.  aalon  la 
caa:  la  aymbola  — ^  aignifia  "A  8UIVRE"  la 
aymbola  ▼  aignifia  "FIN". 

Ua  cartaa.  plancha*.  tablaaux.  ate.  pauvant  Mra 
fllm«a  «  daa  taux  da  rMuction  diff«ranta. 
Loraqua  la  documant  aat  trap  grand  pour  Atro 
raproduit  an  un  aaul  cllch«.  II  aat  film*  «  partir 
da  langia  aup«riaur  gaucha.  da  gaueha  *  dr.>ita. 
at  da  haut  an  baa.  an  pranant  la  nombra 
d  Imagaa  nAcaaaaira.  Laa  diagrammaa  auivanta 
illuatrant  la  m«thoda. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

r  tiwiMnuwonanmintitituu 


liu-i'ii-, 


f\m 


JOHN  WARQANDER. 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


*^*»»^t; 


'Hie  Apostic  of  Alaska 


"  '-I'^^f  K'MMi 


Nkw  Yc'tK 


'"■hilac  7 


I e mine  fl    J^^v.-ll  r- 

L  ON  I,  ON  .«„  ...  ' 


*^'>  t«,,N„«,^,^„ 


# 


1^-"^-"  ■ 


//>Z 


s^ 


i 


The  Apostle  of  Alaska 


The    Stoiy   of 
WILLIAM    DUNCAN 

OfMctlakahtIa 


'"""'V^ihs^^^^. 


ILLUSTRATED 


Fleming  H.  Revell  Com, 


onipany 
a 


223S15 


Copy»%ht,  1909,  by 
FUMING  H.  RBVBLL  COMPANY 


A  K  :i  1"/]  ti-2.L?  "T.  W 


New  Yoik:  158  PMUi  Avmim 
Chicago:  laj  No.  Wabuh  Avenue 
Taonto:  3$  Richmond  Street,  W. 
London:  ai  Paternoster  Square 
WInbuigh:      100  Princes   Straet 


2b 

Theodore  Roosevelt 

The  President, 

The  Man, 

7%^  e  •    -r^/   Christian, 

The  Friend  of  the  Metlakahtlans, 

These  pages  are 

{Without  permission,  asked  or  granted) 

Admtnngfy  and  respectfully  inscribed  l^, 

The  Author 


Introduction 

mm,  in  the  following  Binimer,  the  call  of  the  Kn«l, 
tod  «un.  npon  mo  .gnin,  I  hied  i.y»lfto  U>e  i^S 

^  to  invrtiw.  -h«  ~una«iw  .""v^i^i:;:"^ 

M«0A°,^^th°^,?'  ■"""■ '°'"-"°«  toSSenVof^ 
uie-woric  and  thrilling  experiences. 

Many  of  the  stories  found  In  the  foUowinir  im»-  t 
to  these  dellghtfnltable.talka   ""* '**"*»^^°«  P«««»  I  owe 

r^^uTr^^^i'^^.'^r*^  ««  «*^«  them  to  my 
them  a«<^aUght  v^iatiSl^Si'lSrv^^^^ 


^  INTRODUCTION 

rwrt.  of  tlw  coloDT   ^S  rf^T"        •"  ""«'»P°">llo 

miaion.  '"•"«"•'•«»  ««4er  th.  tnie  l,i«o>7  «f  u,, 
""  opportunity  I  lure  tad    thi«n.d.  .u 

mo.™,  to  «.dy  ^.  wi^  'S.  *SSJJ2.  r7 

™dlt  when  credit  ma  diKL    b^t  _.m    .  '  »°*  ^  give 
■nyaett  have  ob«r™i  ihl,  regretlSteZ-^?f  rJ"""  ' 

WW  the  onfyZa  to.lSL»    ""21  ""-TK*.  are  probably 
1  thank  him  ™*™*    *^»'  "'•  ««•«  W»a»e« 

M^'.kS°dl;t1;  ?'p'r  "■•""•"P'o.ogn.pber., 
"«,  ar.  F.  B.  Pisher,  of  Seattle,  and  Mr.  E.  A. 


INTRODUCTION 


wltt^!  "k»-l«lg.  B.y  gr,rti,.d.  to  Mr.  J.™. 


Contents 


I. 

II. 
III. 

IV. 

V. 

VI. 

VII. 

VIII. 

IX. 

X. 

XI. 

XII. 

XIII. 

XIV. 

XV. 

XVI. 

XVII. 

XVIII. 

XIX. 

XX. 

XXI. 

XXII. 

XXIII. 

XXIV. 

XXV. 

XXVI. 

XXVII. 

XXVIII. 

XXIX. 


IirrtoDucnoN 

The  Call  op  thi  Loro 

Tm  Bov  THI  Fathm  op  thi  Man  . 
"  Spiak  Lord,  Thy  Smvant  Hiaketh 

A  New  Mission  Field    . 

Aboard  thi  Man-op- War 

Thi  Insidi  Passaci 

At  the  Fort 

Thi  Tsimsheans    . 

Modi  of  Living 

Peculiar  Customs 

The  Totems  and  Clubs 

The  Medicine-Men 

The  Religion  op  the  Tsimsheans 

The  Son  op  the  Heavenly  Chiep 

Traimshum,  the  Tsimshean  Devil 

Behind  the  Walls 

The  First  Message 

The  Devil  Abroad 

First  Fruiti 

A  Christun  Village 

Ligaic 

Onward  and  Upward 
Temporal  Advancement 
Interesting  Incideiits  . 
How  Mr.  Duncan  Became  a  Judge 
From  Judge  Duncan's  Docket 
Back  in  Old  England  . 
Home  Again 

Notable  Visitors         .        , 
U 


7 
•5 
•9 
*7 
3» 
39 
43 
51 
6i 

66 
7^ 
84 
9* 

lOI 

108 

116 

118 

12a 

130 

•37 

«Si 

ii7 

165 

»75 
185 
197 
203 
217 
228 
236 


li 

XXX. 

XXXI. 

XXXII. 

XXXIII. 

XXXIV. 

XXXV. 

XXXVI. 

XXXVII. 

XXXVIII. 

XXXIX. 

XL. 

xu. 

XUI. 


CONTENTS 

TrOVBLU  BiBWtNO      .... 

ThiRvptuu   •        .        .       .  !  i    Jj 

Tmi  SltriNT      '          »         ,          ,  I  ,      m6t 

Tni  Last  Blow        .        .        !  '    ,70 

ThiNiwHomi        .        .        .  !  !    ,87 

Thi  Pionuri    «...  I  *     -08 

A  Dav  at  Mbtlakahtla    .        .  .'  *    .'c 

LiAVM  FROM  Mi.  DuNCAn'i  Duty  .'  .*    3,0 

SOMB  MtTLAKAHTtA  HuTORr          .  .  .       JI5 

FlOTIAM  AND  JiTIAM     .  •       333 

Thi  Mitlaiahtla  iNDvmin     .  .  .350 

Thi  "  Chrutiah  Church  "        .  .  .358 

Thi  Grand  Old  Mam        .        .  .  !     ,68 
Imoiz 

377 


Illustrations 


WlIXIAM  DONCAN   AT  SiVINTT ^^.^Sl 

Bishop  and  Mm.  Eowako  Cmooi .5 

Fort  Simpson  in  1857 .'       !  5a 

Clah,  Mr.  Duncan's  Tsimshian  Tbachui       ...  58 

Rboaua  of  a  Tsm shban  Chief ^ 

TOTBM-POLBS  AT  HOWKAN,  ALASKA g^ 

Drawing  a  Sbine  of  Fish  at  Tainb.  Near  Mituakahtla  m 
^'ISn?  pJr™' JJS"  ."^  ''»''*»«*'*^*«  "W"  Stand. 

KiNcoLiTH  Mission !       *  ia» 

PaulLboaic •'.'.*  i6a 

Monument  TO  Leoaic  AT  PORT  Simpson    .      '.      *       *.  ,6j 

Rev,  R.  Tomunson  and  Family g— 

Mr.  Duncan's  Pioneers     •..'.!!!  ig© 

Metlakahtla  Baseball  Nine    ...!!.*  aac 

THE  Brass  Band  AT  Meilakahtla    .       .       .'      .       .  aa$ 

Women  Spinning  AT  Old  Metlakahtla    .       .       !       *.  330 

Mr.  Duncan's  Cathedral  at  Old  Metlakahtla    .       .*  333 

Rbv.  W.  H.  Collison  and  Family ^xl 

Admiral  J.  CPrevost      •....!.  a« 

Bishop  William  Ridley     ......       .  ,50 

Ridley  Home  AT  Old  Metlakahtla        .       !       !       .  196 

New  Day  School  AT  Old  Metlakahtla  .       .       .        .  ,96 

Girls'  School  at  Old  Metlakahtla       .       .       !       ]  396 

Boys'  School  at  Old  Metlakahtla         .  «uc 

Tom  Hanbury's  House  AT  Metlakahtla  .       ...  303 

Albx  Guthrib's  Bungalow  at  Metlakahtla  .  «. 

13                                   •  ^ 


**  ILLUSTRATIONS 

B.HJAIIIH  HALOAUfi  HoUi.  AT  MtTLAKAHTUI 
David  LeA8«'.H0U«  AT  MWLAKAHTLA    . 

M».  DcNCAN  IN  His  Din    .... 
Thi  Town  Hall  at  Mbtlakantla 
Educational  Builoino  at  Mn-LAKAjirLA 

SCMOOLROOM  AT  MlTLAJUHTLA    . 

MwsioN  House  at  Metlakahtla 

Cannbry  Buildings  at  Mitlakahtla 

?H.  T^t'u    ' ''■"•"*'™  A'«v  ••  at'm^laxahtla 

David  lT^  ^"^"^  «  W.««  Sh.oud 
David  Lbask  and  Family  . 

Mitlakahtla  GiKLs' ZoBo  Band      .       .  * 

View  of  Metlakahtla  from  THE  SkI 

View  of  Metlaeahtla  Looking  Down  Main  Strect 

•'M«S.AH'  SOLOIST,  AND  ChORUS  AT  MetlAKAHTLA 

The  BANOffTANo  at  Mitlakahtla 

UwN  Party  in  AN  Indian  Garden 

The  Young  People  of  Metlakahtla  in  1898 

The  Marriage  of  Henry  Rudlun 

Canoe  Building  ok  the  Beach  at  Ou>  Metlakahtla 

The  Interior  of  the  Church  at  Metlakahtla 

The  Sabbath-school  Teachers  at  Metlakahtla 

MAP  OF  Southeastern  Alaska  . 


in 


90S 

as 
316 

316 

318 

3ao 

3ao 

3ai 

334 

3»9 

3>9 

333 

333 

337 
336 
336 
340 
340 

347 
3SS 
36a 
376 


The  Apostle  of  Alask 


a 


THB  CALL  OP    HE  LORD 
to  the  little  town  of  Bererl^,  in  TorMii«;  Bd? 
♦jJ^LT*"^^  **'  ^  •'**^'«  Chureh,  ft  olmpd  of  eve  in 

^^Z:i^^:^  ^eetin,  Jte.rr.'X' 
iBtlMTertiy,  tlwTiov  of  the  dninb,  th.  Her  A  T 

UM  xmUng  had  pwbspi  better  be  adtonni^  b> .  .^ 

Pl^  Of  the  «Oo,So^i?;:Sl,l*  ?""*''  *'^«- 

Be  thla  a.  it  nuiy,  the  old  r«ctor  wa.  thirt  eve- w  be- 

1ft  --•»  "^ 


1« 


WE  APOSILE  OF  JO^^SKJ, 

Henna  <.» .•  .. 


*>a^  at  his  beat  T^«^  °'  Perhaps  no^  « 

•nd  oaUi.  ^  iT?  ^^  ^^te  and  rin«^    L^^  ^'^^ 

little  e^men^  ?  "**  ^^^o^  fieldal^.?  ^  """^^  ^W 

enly  ,^'  "««-» ^ere  waft^TtJ'iLtT  ?'^- 
There  wii«  ««  "®  ^®*^- 

n.    Botiwhaa  *«»■  tie loog wait fh)ia]ii, 

''■e  service  ma  oveT    i  P"*  '^  »«■"• 

«^  bdmgs  to  aome  desolate  W     I  "^^  ^'^  ^ri^g  the 


(s 
it 
il 


THE  CALL  OF  THE  LORD  17 

and,  whUe  taking  a  stroll  together,  he  confided  to  his  chum 
the  resolve  he  had  made.  His  enthusiasm  for  the  cause 
must  have  been  contagious,  for  his  friend,  after  listening 
to  him,  exclaimed : 

"  If  you  become  a  missionary,  I  will  go  with  you  1 " 

Any  one  who  knows  what  human  sympathy  means,  in 
the  most  trying  momenta  of  life,  can  appreciate  what  this 
promise  meant  to  young  Duncan,  and  how  it  would  nat- 
urally strengthen  and  clarify  him  in  his  purpose,  and 
give  him  assurance  of  success. 

But  we  can  also  easily  imagine  what  shock  he  must 
have  experienced  when  he,  within  a. day  or  two,  learned 
that  his  fHend,  moved  thereto  by  the  pleadings  of  a  lov- 
ing  mother,  withdrew  his  promise,  so  rashly  made. 

Young  Duncan  also  had  a  loving  mother.  Undoubt- 
edly, she  also  pleaded  with  him  not  to  go  away  from  her 
not  to  expose  himself  to  dangers  and  perils,  by  laud  and 
by  sea.  No  doubt  she  was  very  persistent  in  her  plead- 
ings, unless,  perchance,  she  knew  from  experience  that 
her  son  was  so  constituted  that  when  he  saw  his  duty  he 
did  It,  without  regard  to  consequences,  and  therefore  did 
not  strenuously  pursue  what  she  well  knew  would  be  a 
oseless  appeal. 

In  any  event,  pleadings  of  mother  and  sisters  and  rela- 
tives could  not  make  him  recant  the  resolution  of  that 
solemn  moment  in  which  he  had  dedicated  his  life  to  the 
Master's  service  in  heathen  landa 

Neither  did  the  fact,  that  the  young  resolution  of  fel- 
lowship on  the  part  of  his  childhood  friend  had  withered 
by  the  wayside,  for  one  moment  lure  him  from  the  path 
he  had  staked  out  for  himself. 

Like  his  prototype  of  old,  the  great  "  Apostle  to  the 
Gentiles,"  he  could  truthfully  say,  at  this  crucial  period  of 
his  life,  as  at  all  other  trying  and  perilous  moments  which 
were  to  foUow  in  coming  years :    "  This  one  thing  I  do." 


18 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


Undaunted  by  the  desertion  of  his  beloved  fri«nrt  v. 
aonght  the  counael  of  his  pastor,  thelLv  I^^  *** 

When  he  told  him  of  Wparp^h;  td  foSS  ». 
was  surprised  to  hear,  felling  f^om"^  li^  S<^™^^* 

who  has  heard  my  prSen;>     ^  ^^^^  ^«  be  praised 

nJl?^®^®"'*^^°*»«*  failed  him. 
care  ^th  the  Church  Missionary  Society  on  the  mhw 

^dne  time,  a  favourable  answer  came,  with  the  «» 
qaest  that  Duncan  himself  should  ad^  to^ ^iZ 

Of  his  caU,  and  an  account  of  "  the  feith  in  him." 


■w>  ^1   amt 


II 


THE  BOV  THE  FATHER  OF  THE  MAN 


ive  tendency  to  8^w^'^°°*^''"^ Wsexcess- 
-^i..con^oe?L:^oX^^n:S;tr  ^"'"^^^^  ^ 

my  pe«onality  to  toe  front    Th?     ^"'^"  ^'^  P°«"« 
If  I,  by  the  g,^  ortJZle  b^  Xlf/^*  ^-^"^^ 
anything  for  His  gW  menHoT*^       "****" '*'*«"»?"«»» 
bat  leave  my  pei^  :r  .^'J^l''/'^^'^^^'"'^ 
<*«  iiord:'    I  have  onlv  hZ  „    '"^^sUtrified,  saith 

hand.    If  an  artill^L^ne  a''fi"°''°'"'^  ^^  ^"  His 
wonld  pnriae  him  3  «.?«       •    *°®  P'*^  <»^  '^o*^  yon 

place  for  the  tool  iS  on  ttlfl**°°^'°^^«*''«d.    The 

done  the  work.    aT^**  Jk^  '^Z  ^''^P*^  ^^ich  has 

only  the  tool  in  toe  i^'l^V'^r^'"^-    ^^ 
t^^,  „  "»e  joaster's  hand.    Let  as  forget  the 

*u»u.    xnis  is  my  excuse  for 


90 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


(I 


not  giving  a  ftiller  account  of  thia  remarkable  man's  earlv 
history. 

William  Duncan  was  bom  at  Beverley,  a  city  of  about 
12,000  inhabitants,  in  Yorkshire,  England,  some  lime 
during  the  month  of  April  in  the  year  1832.  Even  the 
exact  date  of  his  birth  is  known  only  to  himselt  and  he 
will  not  give  it 

It  is  known  that  his  mother  Uved  to  an  advanced  age 
and  died  in  the  year  1898.  She  is  buried  at  Beverley! 
The  Indians  have  told  me  that,  some  years  ago,  he  used 
to  show  them  a  plaid  which  he  told  them  his  sister  had 
embroidered.  A  remark  that  once  escaped  him  of  spend- 
ing some  part  of  his  early  chUdhood  in  the  home  of  his 
grandmother,  leads  me  to  believe  that  his  father  died 
when  he  was  very  young.  But  who  or  what  he  was,  or 
what  the  circumstances  and  the  religions  condiUons  of 
his  parents  were,  I  have  been  unable  to  learn. 

I  take  it,  however,  that  his  admission  that  he  had 
never,  as  a  boy,  taken  God's  name  in  vain,  that  he  never 
thought  even  of  entering  a  public  house,  as  saloons  are 
called  in  England,  that  he  never,  until  he  came  of  age, 
had  tasted  any  intoxicating  liquor,  and  his  conduct  as  a 
chorister,  as  I  hereinafter  shall  relate,  all  point  to  the 
feet  that  he  must  have  been  brought  up  in  a  Christian 
home,  and  perhaps  under  the  watchful  care  of  a  devoted 
and  praying  mother,  a  possible  situation  which  would, 
partially  at  least,  explain  the  wor-^erftil  work  which  he, 
by  the  grace  of  God,  has  been  allowed  to  perform,  a  work 
which  I  do  not  hesitate  to  say  has  not  been  equalled  on 
any  missionary  field  in  the  history  of  the  world,  by  any 
one  man. 

An  incident  in  his  life,  happening  when  he  was  only 
seven  years  old,  characterizes  the  man  he  afterwards  was : 

One  day  he  found  a  penny  in  his  clothes  which  he 
could  not  account  for.    He  did  not  remember  that  any 


THE  BOY  THE  FATHER  OF  THE  MAN 


21 


He  knew  he  had  not  stolen  itr- 


one  had  given  it  to  him. 
how  did  it  oome  there  t 

^m^tan,  mto  a-  taU  gra^  „  hi.  toy  tad  :,"J 

"Th.  deyU  dionld  ha™  ao  claiiM  on  him  I " 
eattedii  l!,T  °J^  'L""  "'^  *»  "HPxJrt  of  the  g«.t 

TolM.  *"•  ""''  »  wmarkabto 

S^'ffSl  r?     ^"'  ''^'^  ""  ^  ^oi«e>  at  the  age  of 

as  at  eveiy  service  in  the  JtS?  ^nt  ^^  '*^'  "*  ^*" 
the  privilege  of  singing  thte^^ai^'^^^^^^^ 
and  sang  them  with  Z,2  *^  ^       ^  *^®  ^^  soprano, 
that,^,^!^  r^  ^"^^  ^*^^°«  »"d  snch  artistic  skm 

the^diWne  ^.vL'TCrVri^^^^^^  voice  at 
wi  this  he  was  not  at  all  awara     Tn  «.«<.  ^  . 


Sfl 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


with  the  books  and  cash  of  the  house,  and  before  Swm 
^ghteen  hewas  engaged  as  the  co^erci^S^eHeTS 

nt^m  rr '>''  °'  *^^  neighbouring  «^a^  °' 
He,  from  the  start,  made  up  his  mind  to  take  bin  i^i« 
ion  with  him  into  his  business.       "^"  ^  ***«  '^  J*^' 

knol^T^  '^*  r"*"  ^'^^'^  customere,  and  made  them 

^,^.1?  ?^  '**°'  °^  *^«7  buyer  who  could  not 

Perwnally  come  to  the  warehouse  of  the  wholesale  hoiT 

plc^l  thS  .?-^   *°?"^  ^^  °'^'  «»d  told  his  em. 
ot^  q.i     ^eir^lir '^iirr^^-^^  '*^''^**'^' 


THEBOYTHEFATHEROFTHEMAN    28 
J^e^™ho««  deanea  ou^  even  to  the  laat  piece  of 

longed  to  his  employrU?,?*  *?'  *^'  *>«  '*««  be- 

him  to  attend  the  Bible  cIms  S  ToiT  ,  -n?""*  ***  *"°'^ 
by  U»e  Eev.  Mr.  Carr  hSSl^a  Z^^!^^^^^^  **"«»»' 
evangeUcal  pmwher,  to  Xe  <i,^h  .?^  S^"*'  '"'^ 
attached  himself  as  s^n  ^^h-  ^Z°"°«^'^<»°bad 

Choir  of  thel^t^Cee^^  '^"'*°"'  *"  ""«  ^«^ 

tio?:jrsrfrrre"ru:t^°*°"'^'«'«^- 

tioe  on  a  conoeraiTli!^.    ^^ '' *°  assiduous prac- 
Which  he  SieC  tiTh^^'^'J*^^  ^*  ^«"  ^  »"«! 

hibii^dton,.  ii's:Lr^^eL^^^^^^^^ 

01.  taring  the  old  instruml^Xt  fwo  oTt?  ?  "'**'^ 
not  work  at  aU.  ^  °^  '^^  ^tops  would 

I>  at  the  same  time,  saw  tha  «.,*«     ^    . 
had  played  iu  the  d^  S  hi     "it  ^"**^°  ^^^«^  *>« 
since  had  been  Md  aS  1^  ^*"'"''  ^°'  ^^^^^^  long 
duties.  "*^**  **'  «*«™«r  and  more  p«cti«a 

ae^nd^^ralSSrv':;;^^^^^ 

On  his  enteringX^m,^!  ,"*'"'**  "•«"'*o°cd: 
Worksop,  0.0  h^  ^t^^d     '^  '^^  ^  the  hotel  at 

"  No,  I  b^yeTo^^aT  C  ''''"^/'*^  '^^'" 
bad.    Howconldrt.««  ^"'**°-    "That  is  too 

gnevoussin  as  that"  commit  such  a 


I 


84  THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

Shewni  ?"'y  °°t'J^'°^  *^  ^  P"'«d  is  his  poor  wife. 
She  w  U  have  a  liard  row  to  hoe  uow.  As forhim  -if 
he  did  not  like  it  here,  why  should  he  not  shuffle  off  th  s 
mortal  co.lt    Better  end  itatonce  than  to  live  in  mif^  !' 

»^.  H  ^'"^  "^  ^'^  *'"°*^"^°°  ^  the  life  to  come  ^io 
meet  his  Creator  in  that  way  1 " 

thIt^t'i«^.rK!!.K  nf"  '°  "^"^  °°'  any  Creator,  foraU 
that.    It  IS  all  bosh  ! "  grumbled  the  old  traveUer. 

Are  you  going  to  be  here  to-night,  sir  t "  asked  Dun- 
can.  "  If  so,  I  would  like  to  meet  you  and  talk  over  this 
matter  after  I  am  through  with  my  mail  » 

"Cei-tainly     will  be  here,  and  will  be  ghid  to  discuss 
the  matter  with  you,  young  man." 

*«  tfri,^*  ****^  "^^  *"'"  customers,  and  made  his  report 

t^?  ^"t'-  ^°"°^  ^"°*^°  '^''''*^  "P  J^iB  antagonist 
and  found  ham  H  the  fir.pla<*  in  the  commerciid  roo2 
And  now  commenced  a  battle  of  giants, 
^e  old  agnostic,  for  a  while,  found  the  young  man's 
enthusiasm  a  worthy  fence  to  the  blows  of  his  Lnostic 
broadsword ;  but  Duncan  soon  discovered  thatThe  old 
infidel,  with  his  argumentB  from  Paine  and  Voltaire  thor- 
onghly  mastered,  was  getting  the  best  of  the  discussion 

^^i^  TT  T'**  ""'^^  ^^  °°*  ««  y«t  sufficientiy 
staled  the  "apologies  "  of  the  Christian  religion. 

Finding  himself  unable  to  withstand  the  old  infidel's 
attacks  with  counter  argument,  he  changed  his  tactics. 

inJ^^'°^  *"*  ^'^  ^^*  ^^  ^^^  ^P  t<>  J>'«  advereary,  look- 
ing him  squarely  in  the  eye. 

"  Sir  ! "  he  said,  "you  are  twice  my  age.  You  could 
ea«ly  be  my  father.  I  think  you  are^aTntlem^a^d 
L^i  ^i*";  °°  ^^"  **°°^"'  ^  *  gentleman  to  answer 
going  U>  put  t»  you.    Much  may  depend  upon  your  »• 


THE  BOY  THE  FATHER  OF  THE  MAN    25 

throft  !s  '12  '""^  ^^"  ^^^''^^  -^°°-^  ^^ 

kno^"^"'^  '  ^"''  ^*'""«  "»»°-    W»«'  do  you  want  to 
"Theqaeetionlwanttoaskyoaisthis-    HeiwTftm  a. 

i^r  stian  faith,  have  tried  to  live,  as  near  aa  I  oonld  « 
Omstian  life^  and  have  ao  far  e^oyedT  ^ain  h^lj 

^  /ou  tf  r  '*^'';  .''°"'  ^''  *^'  questionlwaS 
M*  yon,  and  I  appeal  to  your  honour  to  answer  it  hon 

eeUy  and  truly :    Would  you  advise  me  t^g^rup  tJ^ 

whgxon,  this  faith,  this  happiness,  .nd  come  over  to 

w^^  you  stand,  without  God.  without  faith,  ZoS 

ceivtS  a  tlw  ^''  '"^^"l  ""  "*  at  ease  as  if  he  had  re- 
^t  Iw  "^"^'^  in  the  face.  His  eyes  sought  to 
escape,  now  one  way,  now  another,  from  ie  pleSr.^ 
Marching  glances  of  'ae  younir  man  bnVfln«n  P'™  *' 
effort  to  Bhakeoff  soniething^dS^riie"^^^^^ 
young  antagonist  squarely  in  Z  i^' ^ d  jTd  ^^*! 
the  perspiration  beaded  his  forehead  •  '         ** 

not'?  win  ^nf.^^ '    "^^'^  y°°  P°*  "  *h«»  ^y»  I  can. 
K^lirdtTap^;,?  ^^^  yourreligionaJdfaith. 

"But  what,  then,  do  all  your  ailments  of  a  little 

I'^^nT^Cl*";    ?«°'*y-«e^hatyouaL*srd 
wg  on  a  rotten  bndget    You  are  afraid  to  anfr  m7f« 


96 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


mentB  are  only  empty  words."  ^^' 

The  old  infidel  wiped  the  penpinrtion  fr«m  hi.  k 
and  roae  to  his  feet     Fr^m^  u      -   ^™  *^  *>">^ 


Ill 

"SPEAK  LORD,  THV  SERVANT  HEARETH" 
o'X'.^:^^^*^' '■'f'  •^o""'  "-^ 

would  take  it  over  to  his  Sr "  «J?J,   1''  *^*°*^»  ^« 
settled.  «■  «>  ws  pastor,  and  his  future  would  be 

But  God  willed  it  otherwise. 
^^  Ko  vossons  &  Sod,  a  man  behind  him 

"Yes.    Mr.  Carr  died  suddenly  last  niKhf" 

on^o.  JO  Who. ,.  rar.Txrr-c  '*• 

When  he  came  uome  that  night  he  placed  th«L 
euclo-ed  in  H^  envelope,  aUe^y  aS£^  t  "^ 

27  '^ 


Ifl 


••  THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 

Chaidi   MWonwy  Society,   BtdUbnj  Sqnue.   FImI 

Street,  LoodoV  in  his  dMk.  "i*-™,   rieei 

He  felt  then  that  this  blow  ended  all  hie  ambition  to 

light  of  ft  divine  Interpodtion. 
Bat  herein  he  wae  mietftken. 
A  couple  of  month*  later,  hie  uncle,  who  rnided  in 

come  up  to  the  city  »t  once  to  take  chftigJof  hi.  won* 

papen,  ftud  other  Lalonginge.  ^^ 

When  getting  ready  for  thia  trip,  Duncan,  perhana 

to  Sr^"\^°"'"'y  ^•*°*^  li.tentIonrpn?t^«S 
to  the  Church  Miieionary  Society  in  hie  piket 

™  t2i  iS* J!*-  f^'^  *•'"»  *^  »>*  "»i«ht  a.  weU  look 
np  the  Society,  ae  long  aa  he  wa.  there  anyhow. 

«^tfl!S'^^**'^"**'"»^>«>ked  around.    Juet 
"he  expected,  over  there  wa.8ali.buiy  Squaw.    And 
yem  there  on  a  prominent  bra.  platehe^JS^ered^ 
plain  letter. :  «  Church  Mi«rionary  SoSe^.r^^*^  *" 

But  it  wa& 

"Yes,  sir." 

•' Pl«Me  take  in  my  card,  and  aak  if  I  may  «e  him  " 
In  a  few  momenta  the  servant  returned.     ^  **''*"'• 
yoaS'ea^'?^"^"^-'^-^^'^-'-    ^^J.U 


•  THY  8EBVAKT  HEABETH  "  » 

B«he  i.  I,.ppi„  «,,.    w.  wrote  him  .teot  .oitS 

1  Know  It,  Sir.  I  wrote  an  »Mwer.  Bat  u  I  did  nofc 
^ve  an  opportunity  to  diow  the  fUr  copy  to  my  plSJ 
for  W.  approval  I  thonght  I  would  not  «nd  It "    "^ 

"That  wae  too  bad-too  bad." 

"Oh,  nothing  ii  lort,  dr.  I  have  it  with  me.  v«n 
inayreaditifyouwirti."  ^^  »«  with  me.    You 

.«?*  T?,'**  ""^^  "^  °'°<*  P'«»«d  with  its  coat*nte. 
Md  Mnt  him  to  the  principal,  Dr.  Eyan,  for  ^^^ut 

W^hr^'  '"'1^'°"'  y°°°«  DTicanXni^^t^ 
Wley  he  v..  ««u„d  that  he  would  «K,n  hear  from  thi 

Within  a  week  he  was  informed  by  the  committee  th.» 

Siiic^rLt*'  ^^'"-^  <^»e«e~rhi:^t^ 

««ning,  wuenever  he  was  ready  to  report 

wi^  ™»"*"?'  T  '^'^^^"'Ployer.  told  him  that  there 

I  sTl^'lr/,?  ^'''  ^°'*°'  "«d  I  want  to  teU  you,  that 
1  am  one  of  those  young  men."  ^ 

Hia  empIoyeiB  tried  to  persuade  him  not  t^  i-— 

wo*  tor  wuch  he h.d  -o JnX^  .^V  Jri^.* 


M 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


offer^  him  what  was  deemed  an  extmvairanSr'ifJ 
would  enter  the  employ  of  hia  firm      w!*^      v  f^  ^^  *•* 

bim  the  pi,«pect  o/lSng  ^^  aa^  ^Ilt:''  T  *° 
orfonrjoiM.  •  "™™"«" "««  partner u three 

h,,r?f  '"'5»"'<""»J«y  was,  I  do  Bot  taow  for  certain 

S.  "to'^r^JTS^'^r"''  ^  •*'""  '^  m'  i^; 

uff^t"^'    ■*^"4''t»ta'>alarymarl,8kt>. 

a^^LXn^r^t'J.rne'.^.rn^"^ 
ness  minds  in  England     n««>4^  Keenest  bnsi- 

fcolofyonClM"  I'°''''y°°««y<>»  are  making. 

>™ser  the  tntZ»T,?  ^«  ."  agkbaiy  CoUege,  where, 

^th^^jgC^^^-^r.rr-''-''^'  ■« 

So  «tta«.d  were  hi,  p„«,pto,„  ^O.  the  p„g„«  i. 


"THY  SERVANT  HEAltETH"  ji 

But  this  was  not  to  be. 


IV 

A  NEW  MISSION  FIELD 

GBEAT  BRITAIN  has  always  been  fortunate  in 
counting  among  its  military  and  naval  officers 

Diany  men  who  have  not  been  ashamed  to  recoc. 
mze  Christ  as  their  loving  Master,  or  to  speak  a  word  for 
Uim  whenever  opportunity  offered. 

The  Gordons,  the  Havelocks,  and  the  Hedley  Vica« 
are  not  by  any  means  solitary  examples  of  Christian 
soldiery,  either  m  the  British  army  or  in  its  navy. 

Captain  J.  C.  Prevost,  a  commander  in  the  British 
navy,  was  a  sincere  Christian  gentleman,  anxious  to  do 

•!i,"'^u  l"*'^^  «*••«"  partakereof  the  glorious  joy 
with  which  a  living  faith  had  filled  his  own  heart 

Called  home  to  England  in  the  spring  of  1866,  after  a 
four  years'  cruise  on  H.  M.  S.    Virago,  polic  ng  the 

^,v  1^1"'."^'°"'^^  extending  for'  a^^is^ce  tf 
nearly  600  mil^  from  Puget  Sound  to  Dixon  Entrance. 

f f«u  '  I  J^'f  "^  *^"°  ^"  ^'««^*  «f  ">e  Russians, 
a  task  which  had  given  him  a  splendid  opportunity  to 
observe  the  savage  but  physically  splendid  type  of  In- 
dians  that  populated  this  long  coast  line  and  the  thousand 
beautiful  islands  skirting  it,  the  commander  had  become 

of  mLr!^°'^,?f  '^  ^^^  lovingevangel  of  the  Saviour 
of  mankind  could  be  preached  to  these  heathen  it  would 
be  hkely  to  bring  far  better  results  as  to  ending  the  cruel 
warfere  carried  on  among  the  tribes  themselves,  as  well 
as  between  them  and  the  white  men,  whose  trenl"  ^  on 

82 


A  NEW  MISSION  FIELD 


I 


83 
St^^f.^  '"^'  '''■'  -^  "-■'  "■-  •  Whole  See. 

Vancouver,  in  ^rhL  LJ.r  l^      '  '''^*  ^^  ^'^P^'" 
relations  with  them:         ^"^'"^^"^  mo«t  profitable  ti-ade 

The  curse  of  civDization,   jn  the  form  r.f 
bauchery,  and  loathsome  diia^  h^  r^-,   ^  '""''  ^^ 
to  the  farthest  villages.  wWi^'ri       f^''^  Pe"t'trated 

of  the  White  ClJ^T'i.I^'Z-.r^^-^r''''''''^ 
withheld  from  them.  ^         '^'^^  ^^^^  ^^ 

»»Xlhe''^-t?^,  "P«°  *h«  «»-ch  Missionary 

and  called  thententJou  to  ?f  ?  ?h  "^"  "•"^'^"  ^^^^^^ 
fortified  tnuiingtttron;';^:  l^^^C^ 

memon^ble  ^.^onary'mtS^^^^^^^  t"'  /'*'  ""^  °^  «»^ 
scribed,  would  furnish  a^i^  I  Beverley,  herein  de- 
for  a  new  mission  ZS  tj'^^'^^  ^'^^^^  "  «aval  base  " 
numerous  viZ^Tt^  .^"°^  ^'^^^  located  the 
natives  on  the  c^ast  th«  t  .,'"*""'^"°*  '''^  of  the 
being  the  tX"\l';^rr?H'"' ""^"^  *^^^^ 
intermediaries  between  th«^;         ^''  *"^°  '^^'^  *»»« 

«well  as  betwt^nThe  lndrstfrh''''r'"'"^'^^ 
the  Interior.  ^naians  of  the  coast  and  those  of 

jf^tfuiiy  ,^  info™  hta  ttritT"'  ""'*'•'  "•"  ■*• 

Uiemtoopenmyne^aeld^fw    •        "  ""POMible  for 

oftho  .o.iruc/ofr„rft°x:;^'"'»"'  »— 

"leir  organ,  2%c  Cftrw^wn  Mmionary  Intetti- 


84 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


I 


gencer,  for  an  appeal  to  the  pubUc  for  funds  for  the  new 
miasion  which  he  had  urged  should  be  commenced 
among  the  Northwest  coast  Indiana 

It  goes  without  saying  that  Captain  Prevost  gratefully 
accepted  this  offer,  and  an  eloquent  article  froi^fa  pen 
describing  toe  Indians,  their  savage  state,  their  inteK 
tual  possibilities  and  physical  excellencies,  and  hold^^g 
np  to  the  readers  the  reproach  to  the  nation  of  having! 
for  more  than  seventy  yea«,  withheld  from  these  tribS 
toe  blessings  of  toe  Gospel,  while  showering  over  them 

f^Ty.  "2'"? ^"°°'  *PP«^  ^  «^«  A  nuinb^ 
1856,  of  the  Society's  publication.  ' 

This  appeal  was  not  made  in  vain.    A  monto  later  toe 

^n2  Tl  ^"*  '^^  ^""'^^  informatirn  tSil; 
wsponse  to  toe  captain's  pleading,  two  anonymous  frienS 

the  Northwest  coast  Indians.  ««iiwug 

^"'U'^^'"''^  thus  was  removed.    But  another  le- 

Ts^l:    ^"^^^^^y^'^^^^'^-^theproperm^rn^ 

A«ain  and  again  toe  subject  was  canvassed  at  toe 
meetings  of  toe  committee.  They  could  not  find  toe 
man. 

c^l^  to  inform  toem  that  he  had  been  reappointed  to  his 
od  station  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  and  would  sail  in  a  fort- 

oiS^^l  ^^  """"^  important  stiU,  that  he  had 

obtained  toe  permission  of  the  Admiralty  io  carry  in  his 

«y  ^hom  the  g^.^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^^^  y         on 

diaus  on  toe  Northwest  coast  »«  me  in 

could  toey  find  the  proper  mant  This  mission  reouired 
a  man  of  undaunted  courage,  of  well-nigh  indoStiSe 
determination  and  will-power,  of  unlimit^  STq^, 


H 


^ 


A  NEW  MISSION  FIELD 


35 

Without  ti.e  aid  ofX  cS^d  r  ?•  °^"  ^"^  »^°"«^ 
or  ito  oommittee.       ^""^^^"'^'^^t^o^  of  the  Society 

dnaion.  ^      ^^®  **  "'^  »^«  disheartening  con- 

"But^wiUheg^fT"    ^*"«»«'»«»°>"theyaUagteed. 
Cb^^oi;^^^"^  ^'- ^ord  aat  in  hia  st^dy  in 

loving  eyes.  ^  "^^^  contemplated  him  with 

"Duncan!"  said  he  nninH«„ 
«»e  wall,  to  a  point  awafuD  n^  Z""  "^^  ''*°«^°«  «» 
tremity  of  fche^eS^  ^  ?      *^*  northwestern  ex- 

templates  opeLTaion  ..T^  "'^"^  ^"^'^  «"»- 
tte  most  savage  UTrtSe  m^-'  ^°'°^  ^°"«  «^«  o^ 
«>«t,  but  asX  mSonaJ^L  ^t.*""  °^  "»«  Northwest 
Ji-  life  in  his  ha::r^°S'^C^^^^^^  ^^^  ^  *^« 
does  not  feel  Uke  takiniTfL^!!  ^  ^"  "^^^^  'etum,  it 

ices.    Yoar.name  has  beTn^L^^^  ^^^  ^^«  «'^- 

4o^r  ^  ^^-'^  ^  - -rsiv^isrefmi:n, 

*^i^''r;ou^S.io:tr  r  ^  ^^  -^  '^- 

notioe  »  "  ^°"  ^'^^^  «et  ready  on  such  short 

I  can  go  in  an  honr  if  if  *o  - 
Dr.  AMW  h«d  «J  i.„  ' SL'r**^'  ''■■•" 


M 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


honotly  believe  that  you  wiU  go  and  retorn  again  hale 
and  hearty,  in  spite  of  all  dangers." 

"Whether  I  will  ever  return,  sir,  will  be  the  Lord's 
bnaineBS.  Going  is  mine.  1  am  ready  to  do  my  part, 
and  I  am  sure  we  can  trust  the  good  Lord  to  do  His." 

On  Friday  afternoon,  Duncan  took  his  leave  of  the  col- 
le^j,  with  the  comm-asion  of  the  Society  for  the  Fort 
Simpson  miosiou  in  his  pocket 

There  were  perhaps  seme  misgivings,  because  he  was 
prevented  from  finishing  his  course  of  study  and  had  thus 
to  be  sent  away  without  graduating  j  but  the  committee 
felt  that  m  this  case  "  necessity  knew  no  tow,"  and  so  far 
departed  from  the  rules. 

The  same  evening  saw  Duncan  at  the  store  of  the  out- 
fitters,  where  he  gave  his  order  for  a  complete  outfit,  in- 
ckiding  even  a  shovel,  an  axe,  a  saw,  a  rake  and  a  hoe. 
besides  numerous  tools  for  carpentering  and  blacksmith- 
ing. 

Sunday  was  spent  in  Beverley  bidding  farewell  to  the 
relatives  and  friends  of  a  young  lifetime 

On  Monday  morning  he  sped  away  on  the  express  train 
to  London,  where  he  was  to  receive  his  final  instructions 
at  the  Society's  office  before  departing  for  Plymouth. 

In  the  London  streets  he  was  caught  in  one  of  the  in- 
evitable  jams  which  sometimes  suspend  all  traffic  for 
hours  and  hours.  But,  undaunted,  he  sprang  from  his 
cab,  portmanteau  in  hand,  wormed  his  way  through  the 
CTowded  streets  on  foot,  and  succeeded  in  reaching  Salis- 
bury Square  just  as  the  secretary  was  about  to  leave  his 
office. 

Then  off  he  hied  to  Paddingt»n  station,  where  he  found 
the  van  of  the  outfitters  with  his  twenty-eight  pieces  of 

!v*^  ***  *°**  *'"'*"'  *°^  *^«>  h«  b«8t  friend  among 
the  students  at  the  college,  a  Mr.  Trott,  who  had  come  to 
say  the  last  good-bye. 


A  NEW  MISSION  FIELD 


37 
•nt  ^D^rntsr^'  "'^"  O'clock  a  cab  n,„edap, 
aee  him  safely  0^1,^  ^  *°  «ymoath,  in  order  to 
Plyi'ut  ''"''"*^'  '^«  *-o  -«  --  on  their  way  to 

to  the  harboj  TW  fnT^^'r'^^^^'^^'^^^"* 
tuggiug  at  her  anchorwi^  ?1"^^'  impatiently 
away  from  old  S^ko^y^T^  °^'  ^eady  to  speed 
H.  M.  8.  Satelli^Tt     u      !    ""^  "months'  cruise,  lay 

twen^lX'i^^-tr  "^^  -'-"^'  ^^^ 
twtt^rpJi^l'/'*"^  '^"^  ^-  I>-can,  and  his 

thing  else  just  re7  ^^  "'^'■"  ^'^^^'^  "»^  ^^y 

young  friendf  but  flTauThJt  T"""  '°  »>ehalfofhis 
tarried  longer  than  ex^Ll  ^^'^'  ""  "^^  ^^^^ 

-^er  .ay,  and^i^^c^'  0^0?^ Ll^t^'  *^«  ^^^  - 

slowl'y  reLtr°n  the  SJI"*  "^^  ^°«^^°^'«  «>««* 
nof,  for  even  onr  t!  ^T^"^^  caressing  it  he  did 
behind.  ^°'  '"^'""'•^  ^°ok  back  on  what  he  left 

eyes  looked  forW  wh^t^^h  "^'  courageous,  blue 
ploughing  the  Cf'iniri.^  ^""'^  **^*^«  ^^  ^aa 
into  Ihe  holy  Sc^  Of  ^f  'T'  ^'"°^'**  ^*^  '^^'^S^^, 
life,  into  the  a^rll^,!.!"  T!"""^  ^^^°°>«  «°^  home 
uie  awful  solitude  and  the  absence  of  aU  human 


88 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


SSftf^.^"^  "^^  "'*-"°'''  Which  w-  to  be  hi-,  o.^ 
Forward  and  then  upward  were  his  eyes  directed. 

•re  before,  I  press  towards  the  mark."        ^^ 


ABOARD  THE  MAN-OF-WAR 

IT  had  been  the  nnderstanding  of  the  committee  that 

When  the  captain  came  aboard,  Duncan  was.  for  th^ 

than  digniaedmo^ZenJ.        '  '"«'»~«'«">«"I."rri«l 
He  soon  learned,  however   tha  i^«.u         ,    ^ 

Not  80,  however,  witt  the  engineer's  mess,  where  he 

39 


1^ 


40 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


was  to  take  biH  meals.  Tlie  secoud  «ni{ineer  waa  an  nn. 
~ath,  rowdyi^h  fellow,  and  could  not  a^rLI  wo^Z 
J^uence  without  ripping  out  an  oathror  othZ^. 
legioua  expression.  ^®" 

J^^^T  ^'^  ''  "*  ^°"«  "  ^«  "'"'^     But  at  last  he  re- 

Jr.^wf^  ^  complaint,  found  it  true,  and  again  trana- 
fermi  the  missionary,  this  time  to  the  gunneX^ 

i^f p^a^torhnr ''  ^  -"-^  '^-  '-^^- 

The  chief  gunner  was  gin-,  and  morose,  ugly  andc««. 
lit  an^  Sit  down  to  table  vrith  bimUid^atS 

But»  as  long  as  he  was  not  condemned  to  listen  to  hi«iu 

iireiy  forgotten  bis  promise. 

The  sick  vicar  and  bis  family  were  landed  at  Madeira, 
but^  no  one  thought  of  inviUng  Duncan  tTtbl  Z^, 

lan^iW*  f.?*  gloomy  company  at  table,  be,  at  the  first 
landing  of  the  shipm  Rio  Janeiro,  pun^hased  a  sack  of 

wito  w^^'n  ?  ***"^"'''  ^'  «"«*  *  ""!«  pocket-flask 
r^k  for  a^"    "^""^  "'''''  ^°  *"'«  ooat-pockeTand  with 

uiDgy,  oangimg  In  its  davits  over  the  stem  of  the  veaspl 
i.Z^,  ^"  ?'°'  ^''  ^"^«'  f«^ »»«  food  munchTng  the^* 

Toll^nl'^rdiXr  ^'^"  ^^-'-^toLlam. 

foAV^^'^'^'^'f  ^'^  replenished  his  supply  of  rusks,  and 
for  three  months,  and  ov.  r.  l.o  lived  on  brU  a^d  SaJSj 


ABOARD  THE  MAV.OF-WAR  41 

who  bad  paid  any^aarlTkttention  V"  i^  ''"'  "''"^ 

meala  at  the  offlcere'  mew  •  buTthil  iT  ^    u     **^®  **** 
and  it  was  oulv  bv  th«  T^.  ®  '**^"°«^  ^  ^^ 

Indaced  to  aha^Sou  h^  bl^      h '^  ^^^^  ^^*'*«'-^«' 

-ptiri":;::::^^^^^^^^^  the  p.^.„,  even  the 

cabin.  But  Dnncan,  who  h^  W„^  .  u^T  ^"*^  *>'» 
suiToundings,  asked  to  i^  et^^H"^*  '^«  ""^^^^ 
that  his  clothes  were  HfZJT  '  "^^  ®*  *  pretext, 
could  not  ge  auLr  «  T^k  T*^  «»°»ewhere  where  he 

»«i»g  it  gi^a Tllv  „„r^S  •""■  *"*  "»  ««»li>ction  of 
«.til,  upoTS,^ tSI'i^V^  ',"  »"■»'«««■« '» f»ten«: 

wolTJd  .°t„Ti!"^'^™''P««'  «■«'  y»-«  I>-«a 
■hip.    But  Dotr    ThtTj^r  '°  *»  '"'•''«'■'  »f  th. 


(  I 
1 1    i 


41 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


order."  from  the  Charoh,  dared  go  to  bring  the  ghMl 
««i|»ge  of  eal vaUon  to  the  poor  laviige.  on  the  Northwert 

fi-^,^*"  a  **^*°"*  ^°y"«®'  o'  "«"^y  "Jx  monthfc  the 
&W««  dropped  anchor  in  E«,uiniault  harbour,  near 
Victoria,  on  the  thirteenth  day  of  June,  1867 


h  t 


VI 

THE  INSIDE  PASSAGE 

VICTORIA,  now  one  of  the  moat  beantiftil  and  In- 
tererting  cities  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  located  on 

tr«mlh,  nf  iT^'^TI'  *°'*'  °*"  **»*  Southeastern  ex- 
toMBlty  of  the  magnificent  Vancouver  Island,  which,  for 

^^"tl".!^'^  **^  *'°°**'^  ">"«•  "klrts  the  ;est 
ooajt  of  British  Columbia,  was,  when  Mr.  Duncan  firrt 
knded  there,  an  insignificant  hamlet,  with  less  than  two 
Landred  inhabitants,  but,  nevertheless,  possessed  o^some 

l"iK;?  "^^  "^"^  "  was^^STt^e  onT; 
white  settlement  north  of  the  Straits  of  Juan  de  Pua: 
but  especially  because  here  was  located  the  headquartMs 

I'^L^  ^°'**'^^  '^'"'y °'  *»>« powerftlllS" 
son  s  iJay  Company. 

At  the  fort  in  Victoria,  Duncan  was  officially  received 

«f  *?.Tr"°'  °^  ^^*  '^"^P*"^'  Sir  J*"*  Douglas,  one 
of  the  truly  great  men  of  Western  Canada. 

In  order  to  allow  him  to  begin  his  work  at  Port  Simp- 
■on,  it  was  necessary  to  secure  the  consent  of  this  autocrat 
of  ^  coast  Without  that,  he  would  not  even  bTw- 
2^f^  "*  *  P»*f°««'  0°  the  company's  steamer,  then 
^d  d&r  *^"'"^'"*«^«<>'»  "^^^^  the  Northland 

^  coD^  jt  the  governor  was  loath  to  give. 

in^Vnf*^  '^"*."'*  ^^^^  ^  ^o°«  »  positive  wrong 
l^Z  ;^  *  missionary  to  the  Indians  without  flrat  con 
^Iv  cfnl    ?:'°^r"^'''  ^^^^  i'"«n°ch  as  they  we«  the 
of  tti^  appreciated  the  true  condition 


!l 


4A 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


3' 


1 1 


be  iSt  ft  1  r**  *** «"  *°  ^^''^  S'^P«>°»  it  would 

be  just  the  same  as  to  send  you  to  your  cert^n  deaT 

This  company  cauuot  undertake  to  be  iC^bfe  ft 

your  safely,  under  the  circumstauoes,  audlo^Tot  waSJ 

n::s'amTixr'rdr-ir-^^^ 
?ruii^-^i^------^s;^^^^ 

"  The  trouble  is,  Mr.  Governor,  that  I  am  sent  to  Fnrf 
Simpson,  and  to  Port  Simpson  I  must  go.    u7^J!t^ 

ciety  a  change  in  my  orders,  which  I  do  no/fhi!! 
cau.    And,  to  tell  you  the  Sth,  I  wo  J  nott  yti Ve^ 
much  flavour  any  such  action."  ^       ^®^ 

"But,  young  man,  knowing  the  situation  as  I  do  I  feel 
Bare  you  will  not  last  up  thei^  three  montha    It  LS 

S^!  ?  y^'''^  ^  »°»ong  those  savage  and  bl^ 
thirsty  Indians.  You  will  do  no  good  BnfVnn  !^i 
make  OS  eternally  r^r.t  it,  if  any^iuT^ouTd  hZeul 
you,  which  it  most  certainly  wiU:"  ^^ 

When  Jfr.  Duncan  insisted  that  he  must,  nevertheless, 
go,  and  stated  that  all  he  desired  was  permis^on  to  sSJ 
in  the  Port  until  he  had  learned  the  lan^ge,^fter  wh  ch 

responsibility  for  his  safety  on  the  part  of  the  oomnant 
the  governor  finally  yielded,  with  tWs  remark  :~^^' 
T  -n«      '  ^°°"*^  *"*"'  '^  yo«  are  to  be  killed  and  eaten 

»nCT  yews,  oa  moie  than  one  occasion,  mve  rklnahl. 


THE  INSIDE  PASSAGE 


45 

Bnt  Victoria  was  nearly  six  hundred  miles  from  Fort 
Simpson,  and  the  steamer,  which  went  north  only  twic« 

U^'  /  Vi!*/P"°«  *"^  *°*^"'  ^  but  a  short  time 
before  started  for  the  Northland. 

There  was,  therefore,  nothing  for  Mr.  Duncan  to  do 
but  to  remain  in  Victoria  for  the  next  three  or  four 
months. 

PhTS  ^r  ^u  ^^°''  ^^  invitation,  at  the  rectoiy  of 
Christ's  Church,  with  the  Eev.  Edward  Cridge,  who  wme 
years  before,  had  come  out  from  England  as  chaplkin  to 
the  Fort,  accompanied  by  his  young  and  amiaWe  wtfe. 

Young  Duncan,  during  this  enforced  vacation,  became 
the  leader  and  instructor  of  the  young  ladies'- choir  of  the 
church,  and  also  conducted  services  for  Mr.  Cridge  every 
Sunday  afternoon  in  a  small  settlement  some  miles  fiom 
tne  village. 

wiS^i"'^!^'**^^^  proceeded  to  make  himself  familiar 
mthUie  Chinook  language,  a  trading  jargon  invented  by 
one  of  the  company's  agents  to  enable,  to  some  limited 
cotenl^  interchange  of  ideas  with  the  different  Indians  of 
the  coast,  who  all  spoke  different  tongues. 

oaif^  K°'  ^^  *"! °^^  ^  *°**  *  Tsimshean  Indian,  who 
«ame  to  him  an  hour  every  day,  and  from  him  he  began 
to  acquire  some  knowledge  of  the  language  of  the  S 
among  whom  he  was  to  work.     But  in  aVew  w^ks  tS 

run^  ^'''  '''  ^'  '°"«'  *°^  *»»«  lessonlZ  L^' 
rupt»d.  He  arrived  at  Fort  Simpson  a  month  or  two  be- 
fore  Duncan,  and  told  the  Indians  about  his  intended 
w^  f^iTr""?  ^^^"^  **»**  ^^""^  ^°'^'*  «ke  him,  as  he 

pared  the  way  for  Duncan,  though  he  himself  never  lived 
to  see  the  wonderful  change  which  was  to  come  over  his 
people,  as  he  died  within  a  month  after  the  arrival  of  Mr. 
Duncan  at  the  Fort,  from  a  gun-shot  wound  received  dnr- 
ing  a  drunken  brawl. 


46 


;  i 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


in  the  future.  ^  ^^""^  ^^^  beuefit  to  him 

While  iu  Victoria,  his  invitinir  and  fr«ni, 

his  earnest  ChrisUan  zeal  gZZ  h^^  ^u  '"*'°"^"  ^^^^ 

.       and  warm  friendship  oflj^  Hat^i^-^*  ^"'"'^''^^  ^°^« 

also  the  esteem  of  me  Hon  W  t^    if  °^^  ^"'^««'  ^^ 

yea«  later,  was  appoint'  uL     ^^^"^W,  who,  some 

life-work,  had  it  .wCl^h  '«'--'°»°»"™'toofLi» 
"Wch  these  Qod.fZo,  1?"  .""o '"PP""  aid  streLgth 

to  him  i„  h^  bouZTJlZ     ■"  "^  ""^'""^'^  «"« 
Pioally,  the  hoar  of  release  came. 

w-ahoat,„:;:S  no^TSZ'Zt^T^'^r  '' 
pany's  steamer,  IV  Offer  "« ™rt  on  the  com- 

tr^'  '^'  """  ™  i"  ««»  '«'  him  a  woMertU 

»^'^htr;m^«7r„„'j"'*  '-'j'^  - 

wonderfal  thaa  the  oZr  whet  th    T^  '^°"'°'  ""* 

itosoli,a,7g^dear°rehaI^th^4^    S*^"'''^''" 
»^  fh,m  eariiest  m'o™  t' u«  duT  "^  "'"""^  *' 

ronmngS^hr'ashl"  8°°„S?  f  "^"^^  theste^nerw.. 
<»"ched  thereZTn  i.l^?^    ^J""""  "»  P™"  almost 


i 


'  * 


lii 


\    ! 


4 
I 


THE  INSIDE  PASSAGE  47 

between  the  hugging  banks  of  a  river.  Then,  with  jost 
as  sadden  a  turn  to  port,  through  the  swirls  and  Ude-rip- 
pies  of  Active  Pass  out  into  the  Gulf  of  Georgia,  where 
in  the  wide  sapphire-blue  expanse  between  the  snow-dad 
mountain  peaks  of  Vancouver  Island  and  the  distant  Sel- 
kirk Bange  on  the  mainland,  he  could  occupy  his  time 
aU  day  long  by  wa'>ching  the  antics  of  playing  and  spout- 
iug  whales. 

Now  the  ship  enters  Discovery  Passage,  narrow,  dan- 
gerous, though  interesting,  especiaUy  so  near  its  centre, 
the  renowned  Seymour  Narrows,  or  "  Yaculta,"  as  the 
natives  call  them— (the  home  of  the  evil  spirits)— where 
the  tide  races  through  at  a  speed  varying  from  eight  to 
twelve  knots  an  hour.  Many  a  ship  has  here  been  caught 
in  toe  swirling  currents,  and  hurled  against  the  knife- 
edged  reef  in  the  centre  of  the  channel,  only  to  sink,  with 
all  on  board,  into  the  depths  of  over  one  hundred  &thoms 
close  by. 

No  ship  at  that  time  dared  pass  through  these  dreaded 
°T*rtf  ®  maelstrom  of  the  northwest  coas^  except  on 
a  slack  tide,  and  in  full  daylight ;  and  even,  to  the  present 
day,  the  largest  steamers  dread  the  Seymour  Narrows,  and 
tremble  in  the  embrace  of  the  giant  current  and  tide-rip- 
ples as  If  they  were  alive  and  throbbing  with  fear 

At  (^pe  Mudge  the  young  missionary  saw  the  first  to- 
tem-pole, the  strange  carved  monument  peculiar  to  the 
North-coast  Indiana 

^?J^^®  ""^^^^  ^^"^  °°  »  °^o~  horrible  sight 
awwted  him.  As  the  steamer  approached  Fort  Eupert. 
at  the  northeast  end  of  Vancouver  Island,  dismeml^ 
and  disembowelled  human  bodies  were  seen  strewn  all 
over  the  beach  of  a  near-by  island. 

^t^Vi^^'^  ^°^  *  ^*'^»  <»°oe  had  come  to  trade 
with  the  Port  Bupert  Indians.  Some  slight  breach  of  eti- 
quette on  the  part  of  the  visitora  brought  on  their  de 


48 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


'J 


voted  heads  the  rage  of  the  local  Indians.    They  said 

iht'l?  1^  ^%  "^f^  "^^^  *^  ""^  ^^^  ^^^'    But 
when  the  Ume  for  departure  came  a  lai^o  party  had  ore. 

ceded  ^e  Haidas,  laid  in  wait  for  the7at^an  iLnd  n^ 

^^°;^7  *^  ^^^  ^^"^  ^®y  '^^"'d  <»°»P  for  the  night 
and  killed  every  one  in  the  party  except  two  young  men, 

r.i  r^  ?K**  **"  °^  "  ^^  ^^^^  who  were  mad^ 
sW  And  there  the  dead  bodies,  mangled  and  muti- 
lated,  were  allowed  to  lie  scattered  over  the  beaches  of  the 
passage  as  a  proof  of  the  prowess  of  the  slayere. 

This  was  not  a  very  encouraging  sight  to  meet  the  eye 
of  the  young  missionary-enough,  perhaps,  to  make  many 
a  weak-hearted  man  turn  back  in  fear  and  disgust.  But 
m.t^8o  our  young  man.     "  This  one  thing  I  doT"  his  eyes 

It  is  well  that  we  are  soon  in  Queen  Charlotte  Sound, 
where  the  swell  of  the  great  North  Pacific,  and  the 
stor^of  this  misnamed  ocean,  cau  brush  from  our  dis- 
gusted brows  the  memories  of  cruel  bloodslied,  as  the 
steamer,  for  a  distance  of  thirty  miles,  is  passing  in  the 
open,  with  no  protection  from  the  mountainous  isles  of 
the  Columbian  Archipelago. 

But  before  long  the  ship  steers  by  a  mountain  crag, 
nearly  four  thousand  feet  in  height,  into  what  looks  like 

fi."^S  u'  T^J^  "''®'''  "'""'"^  ^*^««°  mountain  banks, 
the  Pifzhugh  Sound.  Then  it  turns  to  the  west  throuS 
the  beautifully  wooded  way,  called  Lama  Passage;  then 
through  the  narrow  confines  of  Plumper  Channel ;  and, 
after  a  few  miW  sail  in  the  open  again,  the  way  goes  b^ 
the  quaint-looking  China  Hat,  past  its  Indian  vill^eand 
phantom-hke  graveyard,  through  Finlayson's  Channel. 
Tlien  we  pass  into  Tolmie  Channel,  where  the  throbbing 

cliff^an^Tr^^  u""^  ^"^  *^«  "«"•  ^y  ^or^^^^ 
chffs,  and  into  the  Hiehish  Narrows,  where  the  pines  on 

the    slope  seem  to  elongate  themselves   down  in   the 


THE  INSIDE  PASSAGE 


49 


mirror-like  waters,  and  where  the  wash  of  the  waves  from 
the  steamer  against  the  shores,  not  farther  away  on  either 
side  than  one  could  toss  a  biscuit,  awakens  the  slumber- 
ing eagles,  who  have  rested  on  the  topmost  branches  of 
the  highest  trees,  and  now  soar  in  daring  flight  towards 
the  azure  heavens  above. 

Then  the  reaches,  Eraser,  Graham,  and  McKay,  one 
more  beautiAil  and  enchanting  than  the  other.  The  steep, 
forest-clad  mountain  ranges,  hardly  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
apart,  the  deep,  still  waterways,  the  snow-clad  crags,  the 
tracks  of  snow  slides  and  of  rock  slides,  the  hanging  val- 
leys,  and  the  noisy  waterfolls,  sometimes  dancing  down 
from  the  very  highest  peaks  for  thousands  of  feet  in  one 
nninterrupted  leap,  in  their  turn  each  appeal  to  the  eye. 
And  then  there  is  the  wonderful  Grenville  Channel, 
perhaps  the  most  magnificent  of  them  all,  where,  for  nearly 
fifty  miles,  one  course  is  held  without  change,  and  the  ship 
glides  almost  noiselessly  through  the  glassy  sea,  and  past 
a  panoramic  splendour  which  finds  adequate  expression 
only  in  the  use  of  the  most  extravagant  superlatives. 

Such  is  the  wonderful  inside  passage  of  the  Northwest 
coast,  where  the  largest  ships  of  the  world  can  safely  pass, 
and  the  grandest  scenery  on  the  globe  throws  open  at 
e-ery  turn  its  shifting  vistas  to  the  wondering  and  ad- 
miring gaze  of  all  who  have  been  fortunate  enough  to  ob- 
tain an  admission  ticket  to  this  God's  own  show-place, 
where  man  has  done  nothing  and  nature  everything, 
where  nature's  God  speaks  to  tue  heart  iu  the  strange 
beauty  of  the  great  solitude,  the  «'  Nirwana"  of  the  won- 
derftil  Northland. 

We  do  not  wonder  that  sailing  through  this  magnifi- 
cent and  majestic  scenery  orr  young  missionary  read  the 
wonderful  handwriting  of  the  Master  of  "sea  and  skv 
and  land."  ' 

It  was  in  the  black  darkness  of  a  northern  winter  night» 


Ifi-^ 


to 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


aL       fl"f  of  October,  1857,  th»t  The  Otter  dropped 
anchor  ouWde  Fort  Simpson.    The  whisUe  of  the^SSS 

on  the  beach  as  well.  *««i«iib 

The  first  sight  which  Duncan  obtained  of  his  flitnre 

?f!17"  \^  ^"^  «^*"  *>^  firebrands,  running  l^ 
and  forth  on  the  beach.  * 

With  the  captain  and  the  representative  of  the  com- 
pany  he  was  admitted  to  the  Fort  soon  after  the  arrival  of 
the  Steamer,  for  a  social  call ;  but  as  no  quarters  had  Cn 
provided  for  him,  he  returned  to  the  steaSTTtJe  ni^t 

We  can  rest  assured  that,  tired  though  he  was.  he  did 
not,  before  seeking  his  couch  that  night,  forgerSo  kntt 
down  and  implore  the  Almighty's  blessingrtre  toA 
he  had  come  to  do  in  His  name  and  by  His  grace. 


vn 


e 


AT  THE  FORT 

THE  Hadaon'8  Bay  Company's  Port  at  Port  Simp> 
8011  was  bnilt  in  1834,  near  the  beach  of  a  ahel- 
tered  bay,  east  of  Dixon's  Entrance,  not  fiir 
from  the  boundary  line  of  what  was  then  Bnssian  Alaska, 
but  which,  in  1867,  was  to  become  American  Alaska/ 

The  illustration,  on  an  a^oiningpage,  is  from  a  photo- 
graph taken  by  a  Metlakahtla  native,  Benjamin  A.  Hal- 
dane,  of  an  oil-painting  by  Gordon  Lockerby,  painted 
from  water-colour  sketches  taken  of  the  Port  and  its  sur- 
roundings in  1863,  and  it,  in  Mr.  Duncan's  opinion,  gives 
a  felrly  good  idea  of  the  Port,  its  location  and  surround- 
ings, as  they  looked  when  he,  on  the  morning  after  his 
arrival,  had  an  opportunity  to  first  observe  them. 

The  walls  of  the  Port  consisted  of  palisades,  thirty-two 
feet  high,  bnilt  of  trunks  of  trees  over  two  feet  in  di- 
ameter  driven  into  the  ground,  and  solidly  rivetted  to- 
gether. The  double  gate  was  iron-bound  and  bolted,  and 
in  it  was  a  smaller  gate,  similarly  protected,  at  which  a 
sentinel  or  doorkeeper  was  stationed  night  and  day,  and 
through  which,  under  tho  rules  of  the  company,  not  more 
than  two  Indians  at  any  one  time  were  admitted,  so  great 
was  the  fear  of  the  inmates  of  the  Port  of  the  savagery  of 
the  natives. 

At  the  four  comers  of  the  palisades,  which  enclosed  a 
space  two  hundred  and  forty  feet  square,  were  built  bas- 
tions, two  of  which  were  provided  with  cannon,  able  to 
sweep  the  surrounding  country  in  all  directiona 

Inside  of  the  palisades,  about  four  feet  below  the  top  of 


If* 

(il 


I 


6i 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


the  wall,  wu  a  gallery,  running  all  aroond  the  Port,  ao 
as  to  enable  an  armed  guard  to  march  back  uuU  forth 
and  command  a  free  view  of  the  surrounding  country  on 
all  Bidee  of  the  structure,  night  and  day. 

Within  the  Port  were  located  the  company's  store  and 
ito  immenae  warehouse,  where  thousands  of  valmible  tun, 
obtained  by  barter  from  the  Indians  at  ridiculously  low 
prices,  were  kept,  the  captain's  residence,  where  the 
mess-room  for  the  officets  was  located,  a  smaller  building 
for  the  second  officer  and  visitors,  where  Mr.  Dnncan! 
soon  after  his  arrival,  was  installed  in  two  small  rooms! 
There  were  also  a  carpenter  shop,  a  blacksmith's  shop, 
and  a  lai^^  building,  containing  five  rooms,  for  the  gar- 

^!?°,  ,  ^°'''  ^^^""^^  •^***«  *^«  three  offlceiB,  wn- 
Msted  of  twenty  workmen,  mostly  French  Canadians. 
These  men  were  paid  the  munificent  (!)  salary  of  twenty- 
five  cents  per  day  and  ratious.  They  were  all  married  to. 
or  at  leaat  living  with,  Indian  women,  and  four  of  thi 
flunilies  were  stowed  away  in  one  room,  each  family  llv- 
ing  in  one  comer,  and  doing  its  cooking  at  the  common 
fireplace  in  the  centre  of  the  room. 

The  walls  of  the  Port  have  now,  and  for  many  years 
past,  been  razed,  and  the  only  remnants  of  the  old  Fort 
now  standing  are  the  captain's  residence  and  the  com- 
pany's storehouse.  The  latter  has  now  been  converted 
into  the  new  company  store,  and  the  front  of  the  bnUdinir 
modernized,  but  the  side  waH  of  the  storehouse  still 
remains  in  the  identical  condition  in  which  it  was  when 
Mr.  Duncan  first  saw  it. 

When  the  Fort;  was  first  built  there  was  no  Indian  vil- 
lage close  by. 

The  Tsimshean  Indians,  or  at  least  the  tribes  which 
later  on  took  up  their  abode  around  the  Port,  were  then 
located  at  Metlakahtla,  some  seventeen  miles  southeast 
from  the  Port 


X 


t/3 


(/] 


AT  THE  FOBT 


M 


Tb»  word  "IWiiuIumui"  meiuu  *'iii  tl»e  Skaena,"  by 
which  is  meaat  to  ezpraw :  "  the  people  living  along  or 
on  the  baaka  of  the  Skeeua  Uiver,"  and  this  name  cor- 
rectly record*  an  hlatoriGal  fact,  for  tbeae  tribea,  many 
generatioui  ago,  had  lived  at  different  poiuta  along  the 
banks  of  the  Skeena  Btver.  The  name  of  each  tribe,  aa 
hereafler  detaUed,  gives  to  those  acqoainted  with  the 
topography  of  the  country,  and  the  language,  the  exact 
original  location  of  all  of  them. 

When  the  Fort  had  been  located  at  Port  Simpson,  the 
Indian  trllxas,  who  had  lived  at  MethdLahtUs  were  in- 
duced tu  take  down  their  houses  and  rebuild  them  in  the 
immediate  vicinity  of  the  Fort,  and  when  Duncan  arrived, 
there  were,  located  around  the  Fort,  nine  tribes  with  a 
population  of  2,300,  living  in  140  houses. 

To  the  left  of  the  Fort  is  shown  the  village  of  the 
Kitlootsaha  (the  people  living  inside).  To  the  right  is  a 
portion  of  the  village  of  the  Kishpokaloats  (the  people  of 
the  kmd  of  the  elderberries).  The  high  pole,  in  front 
of  the  hMt  house  to  the  right,  is  the  totem-pole  of  Legale, 
the  principal  chief  of  this  tribe,  and,  in  &ct,  the  head 
chief  of  the  Tsimsheans. 

Immediately  beyond  the  confines  of  this  village  was 
■itui^ed  a  hage  peninsuto  (at  high  tide  an  island),  on  the 
shores  of  which  were  located  the  other  villages,  one  fol- 
lowing in  order  after  the  other,  all  around  the  island : 
the  Eitnakaogeaks  (the  people  who  live  where  there  are 
lots  of  mosquitoes) ;  the  Kitandoahs  (the  people  of  the 
land  of  the  poles) ;  the  Kitsahdabs  (the  people  of  the 
rnnyon) ;  the  Eitlahns  (the  people  of  the  island) ;  tV*» 
Kitnatowiks  (the  people  of  the  rapids ;  literally,  whei^ 
the  water  runs  swifUy) ;  the  Kitoeesh  (the  people  of  the 
land  of  the  hair  seal  traps) ;  and  the  Eitwilgeants  (the 
people  of  the  last  >laoedown). 

Bssides  theae,  there  were  five  tribes  of  the  Tdmsheani 


I ) 


M 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


!nn.h  oi  ^  '^'^  ^'^^  "'"^d  0"  "»e  «>«t  forther 
8outh.  ^  only  one  of  these  kibee  which  will  prove  of 
any  interest  to  us,  as  this  story  proceeds,  is  the  tribe  of 
the  Ki  h^Oittas  (the  people  of  Oie^water),  whi^ 

on^^iT'«'*^*^.^^^^*»**»"««torey  affairs,  built 

2rhT'^"'t°°  "'**^*^'  fifteen  or  tweiiyfeeTabove 
h^h  fade,  one  house  almost  contiguous  to  the  next  and 
none  of  them  provided  with  windows.  ^ 

rions,  some  of  the  chief's  houses  being  fifty  or  fiffcy.flVe 

logs,  posto^  and  beams,  two  or  three  feet  in  diameter 
whYr*'  "**, ^*^  »»««  «sted  the  rafters  of  the  roof, 
which  came  to  a  peak,  part  of  these  rafte«,  foradisZi 

1  nf  .V"^  ^""^  *^^°«  °"*  ''^^^  «»«  beams.  At  tS 
^1.  ^^'^^  7«  fastened  a  plank,  against  which  the 
walls,  made  of  split  cedar  planks,  rested.  The  roof  wJ 
^eof  Wgslabsof  bark,  which  Sere  held  In^^nZ 
stones  placed  upon  them.  i~otMuu  »y 

There  was  only  one  room  in  each  house.    Around  the 

Ilhir"  f^"^  P^*^°™'  "^  ^o'  storing  away 
^tables  and  treasuro  chests,  as  well  as  for  sleeping  pur- 
P08«.  In  the  centre  was  a  large,  deep,  oblong  l^ 
sometimes  dug  down  into  the  eaS.  H^wasL^ 
firep  ace,  w  tt  its  blazing  logs,  and,  directly  abo^it^ 
^ning  in  tte  roof,  to  aUow  th.  sm'oke  to  L^^ZZ 
fiirnish  whatever  ventilation  was  needed.    It  g^  with. 

Int^i  "^"X^  "  ~^'  ^^^''  «•««  was  plS^Tf^t 
tt«^  1  ''^  »>«•»  *<>»<»  that  a  person  sitting  do^up  to 
the  fireplace  was  fairly  toasted  on  one  sidl  Xue  ffie 
other  was  white  with  frost  ^ 

In  order  to  ftuirfsh  a  windbreak,  planks  were  Dlaoed 
on  a«  roof,  in  proximity  to  tiiis  ho^'^SSTuIu^  a^ 


AT  THE  POET 


U 


tiiat  ttiey  oould  be  moved  to  correspond  with  the  direo- 
uon  of  the  wind. 

It  was  in  this  central  portion  of  the  honse  that  the 
family  spent  the  day,  when  not  engaged  ontaide.  Often 
such  a  house  would  be  the  home  of  from  thirty  to  forty 
people.  ' 

Bach  one  of  the  tribes  of  theae  savages  had  its  own 
chiefe,  usually  four  or  five,  one  of  whom  wa-s  more  promi- 

fffll  ^  .,"'®  ""^"^     '^^^  «»»*«fe  <»°»e  from  the 
SkoviUis,"  or  "royal  t.cod."    No  one  could  beachief 
nniess  he,  on  his  mother's  side,  descended  ftom  the 
"Skovalis"  of  the  tribe. 

In  the  case  of  the  total  extinction  of  the  "Skovalia" 
family,  the  wise  men  of  the  tribe  would  elect  one  of  their 
number  to  be  the  founder  of  another  dynasty. 

Then  there  were  the  «  Ligakets"  forming  the  aristoc- 
racy of  the  tribe,  and  from  whom  the  head  men,  or  coun- 
sellors of  the  chiefs,  usually  from  ten  to  twelve,  came. 
*?«TKf  TJ'*'.^^""^  *^*^'  ^^'^^^^  ^^  «»d  standing  by 
S  tLe^iS?""'"'"''^"^'  rather  than  by  rioi 

S'^  J«^*?  '\*  "  ^^"^^^  or  the  common  people. 

In  addition  to  these  castes  or  classes,  there  was^  to 

be  found  m  each  tribe  a  number  of  slaves  (kligungita) 

from  other  tobes.    The  male  slaves  (hah)  were  doing  the 

chiefs  and  the  aristocracy,  and  the  females  (wotek)  were 
performing  all  menial  work  required  around  the  camp. 

at  t^  ^LT  "^^^^^^  ^«T  cruelly,  and  often  killed, 
at  the  bidding  of  their  masters. 

It  has  been  stated  that  Legale  was  the  head  chief  of  the 
Tamsheans  at  Fort  Simpson.  This  does  not  indicate 
that  he  ruled  over  any  other  tribe  than  his  own.  Each 
tribe  had  absolute  control  of  its  own  viUage }  but  when 


«6  THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

the  head  men  of  the  diflerent  tribes,  for  auy  purpoae,  met 
together  m  common  council,  or  attended  a  great  feast 
Legale,  who,  by  reason  of  his  having  given  away  man 
property  than  any  other  chief,  ranked  above  the  others, 
took  the  most  prominent  seat,  and  greater  attention  wm 
paid  to  his  words.  Only  to  this  extent  did  his  head- 
chiefsbip  go. 

Before  Mr.  Dunt^n  had  been  at  the  Fort  a  week,  it  was 

J^  J  ,  I?*"'  ?  "i"'  ^^  ^'^^  "««°'  «"«««<1  it  what 
he  considered  a  lack  of  recognition  of  his^k  on  the 

pMt  of  a  couple  of  chiefe  of  one  of  the  other  tribes,  in 
order  to  show  the  Indians  his  power  and  daring,  Z  an 
unarmed  Indian,  a  visiting  Haida,  just  as  hewasabou" 
to  enter  the  gat«  of  the  Fort,  and  left  him  there  wounded 
and  dying. 

Not  even  satisfied  with  this  wanton  deed  of  cruelly,  he 
ordered  two  of  his  slaves  to  take  their  guns  and  go  knd 
finish  the  fellow.  * 

So  thoroughly  impregnated  with  fear  of  the  savagery 
of  the  tribes  were  the  inmates  of  the  Fort,  that  not  one  of 
the  garnson  dared  go  outside  to  aid  or  rescue  the  wounded 
man.  The  officers  of  the  Fort,  without  interfering  or  pro- 
testing at  all,  from  the  gallery  witnessed  the  killing  of 
the  wounded  man  by  Legaic's  slaves.  Looking  more  Uke 
incarnate  devils  than  human  beings,  they  crawled  over 

?^  iT^^P  u**  '°  ^''°°'  °^  **»«  ^°^  an^'  in  coW  blood, 
di«;harged  their  shotguns  into  the  body  of  the  bleeding 
and  dying  victim.  This  scene  of  bloodthiretiness  and 
savage  cruelty  was  Mr.  Duncan's  introduction  to  his  fti- 
tare  wards.  Enough,  surely,  it  was  to  discourage  the 
bi^vest  heart.  But  to  him  it  only  gave  a  strong  de- 
^nation  to  bring  to  tJiese  people  the  message  rf  the 

Gospel  of  p^  and  mercy.    "  This  o««thingI?o,"  was 
still  his  motto.  I    "-o 

Hi»  pnwtieal  aiBd  had  alwiidjr  told  Wm  tiuit  the  only 


AT  THE  FORT 


67 


way  to  get  to  the  heart  of  these  savages  was  to  bring  them 
the  gospel  message  in  their  own  tongue,  and  that  the  firat 
step  for  him  to  take  was  to  learn  this  barbaric  language, 
without  a  grammar,  without  a  dictionary,  yea,  even 
without  an  alphabet,  in  as  short  a  time  as  possible. 

He  ascertained  that  no  one  at  the  Fort  understood  the 
language.  Even  the  captain,  who  had  married  a  native 
woman,  got  along  with  the  trading  jargon.  But  the 
"Chinook"  jargon  could  not  be  used  for  preaching  the 
Gospel ;  that  was  certain. 

Within  a  couple  of  days  of  his  arrival,  Mr.  Duncan,  on 
the  advice  of  the  captain,  and  with  his  assistance,  secured 
for  his  teacher  of  the  language  a  young  "  Ligaket,"  from 
Legaic's  trib:,  one  CLih,  who  occasionally  came  into  the 
Fort,  and  who  had  impressed  every  one  with  his  ap- 
parently greater  inteUectuality  than  the  common,  ordi- 
nary Indian. 

But  aah  understood  no  English,  and  Duncan  hardly 
knew  a  word  of  IWmshean.  Both  could,  however,  make 
use  of  the  "  Chinook  "  jargon,  and,  when  that  foUed,  they 
had  to  resort  to  the  sign  language. 

Mr.  Duncan  had,  fh>m  his  dictionary,  made  a  list  of 
1,600  of  the  most  common  and  useftil  words  in  the  English 
language.  Now,  his  first  task  was  to  get  the  meaning  of 
these  words  in  Tsimshean,  and  to  write  them  down, 
phonetically,  as  they  were  pronounced  by  Clah. 

The  difficulty  was  not  so  great  while  the  objects  of  the 
words  were  at  hand,  or  within  reach,  and  could  be  pointed 
out,  as  a  house,  a  man,  a  nose,  an  eye,  a  chair,  a  table, 
etc.  But  when  it  came  to  words  beyond  that  pale,  the 
ingenuity  of  Mr.  Duncan  was  frequently  taxed  to  the  ut- 
most in  the  attempt  to  make  himself  underetood. 

When  I,  in  the  summer  of  1908,  interviewed  old  Oah, 
who  is  stm  living  at  Port  Simpson,  I  waa  told  by 
2iim  J  • 


J 


»8  THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


(<- 


IViimlS^*  ^"'''*"  teachme  English,  and  me  teach  him 
This  mutoal  teaching  perhaps  helped  matters  some,  as 

S  ^"r°;  *^'  "  '^^'"^  ^"^^  «P^  himself  in  En^ 
iwh,  at  least  in  preparatory  efforts  to  explain  the  exm^. 
aion  he  was  af««r.  Especially  most  th?limited  a^va^ 
of  his  t^her  into  the  mysteries  of  the  Engliri^w^ 
have  been  of  some  assistance  to  him,  when  he  StT 
learn  the  Tsimshean  expressions  for  ^me  twelve^undr^ 

^er  rtt'Tv'^'^''^  '^  ^  '^"^^  ^"  English.    B^ 
alter  all,  the  task  was  appalling  ^ 

He  says  himself  that  many  a  time  did  he  spend  half  a 
day  in  obtaining  the  proper  words  for  a  single  ideL 

Lacking,  as  tt.  Tsmshean  langnage  naturally  is.  in 
many  expressions  greatly  valuable  in  pr^hL  the 
G^el,     (ithas,  for  instance,  no  word  for  ^^Z'^l 

carn^  »  nor  anything  that  expresses  either  of  the^ 
ideas)-there  are,  in  other  respects,  a  superabundance^ 
expressions,  almost  inexplicable  to  us. 

wZSr/*''*'  l"""  '"'^**'  °°*  ^^  ^^^  fi^e  different 
words   for   each  numeral,  depending  on  whether  one 

speaks  of  flat  objects,  like  blankets  or  books,  or  of  round 
objects  like  dollar,  or  of  men  and  women, Vofc^^ 
or  of  long  objects,  like  guns,  trees,  uails,  etc.  "TwcT" 
for  instance,  in  Tsimshean,  when  applied  to  blankets, 'is 
topral,  '  when  applied  to  dollare  "knpal,"  to  men 
^npahdool,"  to  canoes  "  kalbailk,''  and  tJgius  \^^ 

fr.f^T^'f  are  entirely  different  words  when  applied 
to  the  singular  and  to  the  plural  nouns. 

S^^^'    ^«      °^  "*"  S!^  '^^'^^^  ^"^»>'««  ^  °ot  un- 
common.   One  page  in  English  conld  not  be  properlv 

translated  int»  IWmshean  in  much  less  than  two 
Here  is  a  sample:     The  expression,  "May  you  be 


CLAH,  MR.  DUNCAN'S  LANGUAGE  TEACHER 


AT  THE  PORT 


69 


forro  happy  "l8  one  word  in  Tsimshean:  "Clahtnm. 
jiUalooahmamkahkoadahninga."  Not  very  remarkable 
for  ita  compactneas  and  brevity,  I  am  sore. 

One  iUuatration  of  the  tireleos  eflforta  of  Mr.  Duncan  to 
acquire  the  langoage  most  here  be  given  : 
wJm  "  ^'^  *"  **'  ^^  expieaBion  in  IWmshean  for  the 

He  first  took  a  slate,  and  wrote  in  big  letters,  "  Clah." 
and  showed  him  the  writing.  o  -»        -u, 

Then  he  rubbed  out  what  he  had  written,  handed  the 
slate-pencil  to  Clah,  and  pointed  to  the  shite.  Oah,  who 
could  not  write,  shook  his  head. 

"  Try !  try  I "  with  many  gestures. 
More  shaking  of  the  head. 

mien  he  took  Chih's  hand  and  guided  it^  so  that  he, 
with  Duncan's  help,  w.    e««Clah."  "«^«b, 

«n?l'"ii.^K\'''^I'*^  *°  *^*  """"^  ^««n'  pronouncing  it. 

hra::^rreS^^r^^^'"^^^^°«^^«'«p«^<^ 

"Try!  try!" 

A-V?^lt^^"^!'!'*°^*°«  now  came  into  Clah's  eyea 
As  he  took  hold  of  the  pencil  he  exclaimed : 
"  Tompaldo  I  tumpaldo  ! " 

hai'tSriflJJ^T  ""^  ^°*^  to  be  sure  that  he 
uifiJ    "**^*-    »°°°ing  over  to  the  firenlace.  he 

time,  while  looking  anxiously  at  Clah:      '     '    *       "" 
Tumpaldo  I  Tumpaldo  ! " 
"Ahl    Ah  I  "was  the  answer. 

"Tumpaldo"  means  "I  will  try,"  just  as  "amo"  in 
lAtin  means  "  I  love."  The  fi«t  pewon  singular  is  ex" 
pressed  by  the  terminal  "  o  "  '^^^^puax  w  ex- 


l! 


60 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


thiDg  aboat  the  IWni.hean  India^  their  ^ncL  Z^ 


VIII 


THE  TSIMSHEANS 

NORTH  of  Vancouver  bland,  the  coast  Indiana 
of  British  Ciolambia  were,  in  1867,  the  "Kwa- 
kiuti,"  the  "Bilgola,"  the  "  IWmaheans."  and 
the"Haidaa."  ^^ 

North  of  Dixon  Entrance,  in  Bnssian  Alaska,  were  the 
"Thlingits"  and  some  tribes  of  "Haida"  desoendanta. 

The  Indians  of  the  interior  were  called  the  "  Stikeeu  "  or 
"  Tinnehs."  Up  around  the  Yukon  were  the  "  Athahas- 
kans." 

All  the  coast  Indiana  are  fiir  in  advance  of  the  plain  In- 
^ns  of  the  United  States  and  Canada.  They  have  not 
the  roving  disposition,  nor  the  nomadic  habits  of  these 
Lidians.  They  are,  as  a  rule,  industrious,  frugal,  imita- 
tive,  and  self-supporting,  and  have  never  been  objecto  of 
governmental  charity. 

Of  all  of  these  Indian  peoples,  the  lUmshean  nation 
ranks  the  highest,  with  the  Haidas  a  close  second. 

While  these  diflferent  nations  have  many  peculiarities 
in  common,  especially  the  totem  institution,  which  here- 
after will  be  ftally  described,  their  langmige,  and  even  their 
make-up  and  characteristics  are  so  different,  that  it  is 
evident  that  they  do  not  spring  from  the  same  source,  and 
P^ps  do  not  even  originally  hail  ftt)m  the  same  country. 
Where  the  Tsimsheans  originally  came  from,  it  is  im- 
possible  to  ascertain.  Some  have  thought  they  could  find 
points  of  contact  between  them  and  the  New  Zealanders. 
Others  have  believed  that  they  could  discover  amonc 

61 


i 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


I  - 

li.' 


2;^J?*^*'^  ""  P«ali«riti«  of  the  ancient  A*te«  of 

deUdl.  of  which  now  «mI  tol^foilS.  **  ^"^l"^'  "** 
beautiflil  island  in  the^  wS^.S^  «>'»otten,  speaks  of  a 
under  the  wav.*-!i^*?^  ^  **°®  ^"^  suddenly  sank 
SSc^'*"*"  '"'*'  ^^'^  •°°*^«'  Atlantis  in  the 

.li^°*i>2L'^^r'^  ^*^°'  ^«««»'^  •»>««» «««  "flood" 

^beautif^  <::2;:xT^r:^t:,  "^r^ 

trees,  and  goigeonsflowera.  ««««•»«•,  nue  iai;ge 

M^ill'?/,"'^"*  ^'**°^'  '*'**»^  »>y  Adolphns  Calvert  of 
l^ahths  may  point  to  a  warmer  c  Jate,  ^^thl 

for|°Xit?:S;;r^-    ^^-^^^-thlsconLtlon, 
*J!wif**  ^°°*  *°"*  '*'*  *'«»^«"»  ^ero  much  nearer  the 
S^hf^   L,i°v  ^''^y   °°^y   **^ked   in  whispen,    A 
He  ttonght  very  mnch  over  aU  the  tronbl« ftom^S 
^„r^  *^*'^'  "^  ^*  ^ted  to  help  thrS.  ttc« 
^uWea    One  night  he  stayed  ontm  the  wooTalTnSH 
To™  L"T  "^  ^°**^  "**  ^"*^«"--    '"»«"  he  knew  mVch 
naS^'""^.*^?'"    Nextdayheconunen^ 
tw^        ^  ""^  ^®P*  *°  **  ^^^  t«l  he  had  over  a 
i^n^r^'^    Then,  one  dear  day,  he  shot  an  a^; 
limJi'  J*''*"*  "^^  ""''^  ^''•^  that  it  moved  thTl 
^t  i?^r  .^*°  ^*  '*°'  "»*>*»»«''  hit  the  flm^ 

•way.    Then  they  wer^aofiir  away  that  he  could  not 


i  I 


THE  TBIMSHEAN8  es 

•hoot  so  far.  He  Umd  caUed  upon  th«  people,  mad  they 
cjrrled  rock*  to  a  smaU  ialaod,  high  above  the  aeiL 
There  they  pUed  the  rocka  upon  the  higheet  peak.  So 
he  went  up  on  top  of  the  rodu,  and  shot  some  more  ar- 
rows, until  the  heavens  were  moved  clear  out  of  sight 
Then  the  people  were  ghid,  be*  .use  now  they  could  make 
•U  the  noise  they  wanted  to,  without  diaturbiug  the 
Great  Chief  and  making  him  angry. " 

Wherever  the  Tsimsbeans  may  have  come  from  origi- 
nally,  we  certainly  find  that  they  must  already  have  Uved 
on  the  coast  south  of  the  Skeena,  when  Captain  Cook  vU- 
Itcd  these  regions  in  1778,  or  perhaps  eveu  earlier  than 
that,  at  the  visit  of  Captain  Behring  in  1741,  or  daring 
the  cruise  of  the  Spanish  war  ships  in  1774,  as  one  of  the 
teadiUonary  legends  of  the  Tsimsheans,  rehited  to  Mr. 
J'uT}''  '''®  Kithrahtlas,  gives  the  foUowing  account 
of  thejlra  vWto/the  WkUe$  "  to  the  coast,  which  phiinly 
refere  to  one  of  the  warships  of  one  of  the  sevenU  expedi- 
uons  here  mentioned  :  ^^ 

"One  day,  when  my  grandfether  was  a  small  boy 

T^ere  was  a  great  fog,  and  nothing  could  be  seen.  When 
tt^rir  hnes  were  aU  down,  they  suddenly  heard  a  strange 
Botoe  coming  from  the  sea.  But  the  fog  was  so  thic^ 
^me*^  T  *r '^"  *°^*'^«-    They  thought  it  w«i 

Sr  I^J^'*"*  '^^""«*  '"^  *>  «»«y  Pullod^their  line, 
and  paddled  to  the  shore,  to  tell  their  people  to  look  oTt 
for  the  sea-monster. 

th«l^*°  ""^^  *^®  °*"  *^«  •*<>'^  «»«  ^OfS  lifted,  and 
tben  they  saw  a  big  round  monster  swimming  in  the  sea. 
l-rees  were  growing  out  of  its  back,  and  heads  of  men 
were  hung  on  the  branches  of  the  trees.*  Then  a  babv 
monster-  came  out  of  the  beUy  of  the  big  sea-monster, 
^^  •Abel, 


•*  THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

!?i^"ir"!.  *?*  *"***•  °'  "^y  ***^'«  K»»o^»  "ticking 

puahed  the  water  t«ok  with  them,  w  the  Ly  mJnISr 
flew  towards  the  shore.  '  "•"•wwr 

th^ZSl!"  "  !1T  *°  ">•»>««»>,  the  white ghostsl.     Inp 

^.  Th«  ^H      lu  *\"*'  '"^'  ^"»»  »  «•*»»  drip-drlp.« 
dl JJ  *     *!  ''*'**!  «**°^  ''«"'  °°  «*<>"•     When  the  In- 
dies saw  them,  they  wew  afraid,  but  the  white  shorts 
pointed  to  their  haiibut,  and  the  Indians  gave  Lj  o^ 
•^they  cat  it  up,  and  threw  the  pieces  in  a  ronnd  black 

•'Then  they  wanted  fire,  and  an  Indian  brought  two 
■Ucks  to  make  2  flre  with,  and  commenced  to  rub  them 

took  a  litUe  urv  grass,  and  something  from  hhi  pocket, 
and  made  a  big  noise,  and  a  flash,  and  flra  cam^  riffht 
•J^^,*»»«^o«»-    When  the  Indians  saw  that  they  aU 

"Then  they  pat  th^  black  box  right  on  to  the  flre,  and 
It  did  not  burn  up,  but  the  halibut  was  cooked.*  Then 
the  Indians  *  died '  again. 

"After  that,  the  white  ghosts  empty  a  sack  of  maggots  * 
In  the  kettle.  After  a  while  they  take  the  maiwoto  out. 
and  put  them  in  a  dish,  and  then  they  pour  over  the 
maggote  the  '  grease  of  dead  people.'  •  Then  they  want 
the  Indians  to  eat  the  maggots  and  the  grease.    But  the 

longed  to  »  m«^.w«,  «  U  i,  well  known  that  theo«.o(  wch  boet.. 
S  oaT  '  '***'*' ""  ■'"■^  "'"^  "P *"  '^°**  *"  theoommttd- 

•The  Induin  ezptMrion  for  smaiemenl 

whiHin  ir*'*".  J!?^*"*  *"  ""■^  *'*'"•  *"  «J™«  '"xxJen  boxes 
wh«l^  they  ptao«lw.ter,Md  then  dropped  into  it  r«!  hot. 

•Blood-ETidwitly  hM  refeiwioe  to  tresde  or  iboIm.... 


THE  T8IM8HEAKS 


MjM  nm  aw»7  behind  the  rock*    Ther  fb«   vhlte 
gho^e«t  the  maggota  and  the  graiae  themv  .u  i 

When  they  lit  aud  eat,  a  gooee  fliee  ov<    tl .  .r  h  .ad*. 

the  goowj.  Then  there  is  a  big  noiee,  .'.ui  -..  ,.m-ll  ..uone 
•nd  the  goowjftUli down,  and i» dead.  V,';  ,fb.,  tod.  a« 
see  that,  they  '  die  '  again.  But  the  rl.icf  :.u  •  h„  s  aw 
now  come  down  to  the  beach.  And  t  ...hief  v..  p  uuteU 
black  and  red.  And  he  stood  up  rigui  F^^fo-  »>i..  T!.it.. 
ghorti,  and  he  looks  wild  at  them.  And  the  uJ(xkI  <, 
mjny  men  makes  his  eyes  very  red.  An  J  .,  _:,  the 
7a!  ,  '*"?  oee  his  red  eyes,  then  the  whi.  ^i^ysU 
die.'  And  when  the  chief  dances  and  sings  the  war- 
•ong,  and  sings  very  hard  and  high,  then  the  white  ghosto 

The  native  who  told  Mr.  Duncan  this  story  desired  to 

x^u^  *°°*!^?  *?*  ~''*"^  ''**'^««°  "»«  fin*  ^-ifc  of  the 
Whites  to  their  home,  and  the  visit  of  Mr.  Duncan,  at 

which  latter  eventhesaid  that  none  of  the  Indians  "died  " 

Many  stories  could  be  told  from  the  traditions  of  the 

Tsimshean^  of  their  cruel  wars  with  the  Indians  of  the 

Interior,  wherein  their  chief,  Htrakats  (Thunder),  seems 

♦Li  I!  J^Tu**^**"^  '^*^^*°*  *'"*  raocessful,  and  of 
theip  battle  with  the  Alaska  Indians,  who  wer^  finally 
driven  back  across  Dixon  Entrawje,  never  to  show  them- 

IJll^^/'S^f'  *'^P'  '°'  '^*  ^^^'^^  purposes  of  trade, 
•too  of  their  warfere  with  the  Nass  Indians,  which  seems 
to  have  terminated  in  1829  by  a  drawn  wager  of  battle 
oetween  two  chosen  representatives  of  the  contending 
Wbes,  in  which  duel  the  Tsimsheans  were  victorious,  and 
by  which  the  feud  between  them  was  settled.  But  we 
must  hasten  on  to  more  interesting  topics. 


fl 


w 


ll  i 


li  I  ■■ 


'^H!; 


IX 

MODE  OF  LIVING 

NOW  miut  be  told  how  these  people  Uved  at  the 
time  the  Gospel  first  came  to  them. 
The  spring  and  summer  was  their  work  time, 
lae  long  winter  months  were  mostly  devoted  to  fxm  and 
frolic,  feasts  and  gambling,  potiatches,  dances,  and  med- 
icine work,  about  which  more  anon,  and  to,  now  and 
then,  a  murder. 

They  had  for  years  been  the  tradere  of  the  coast  The 
fare  of  the  interior,  which,  before  the  white  people  came, 
they  used  to  cover  their  nakedness  with,  when  they 
deemed  it  necessary  to  cover  it  at  all,  they  bartered  from 

food,  dried  and  smoked  fish,  and  the  wonderful  oolakan 
oil,  in  te^e  enough  quantities  to  last  them  all  winter,  if 
they  had  fore  enough,  for  nothing  was  given  without  the 
prop«.  eqmvalent,  and  perhaps  a  little  more.  It  is  said, 
that  in  trading  their  women  always  had  the  deciding 
word,  and  that  they  could  always  be  relied  upon  to  make 

^bargains.    And  this  in  a  day  when  thew  were  no 
bai^gam  counters  around. 

After  the  Whites  came  to  Port  Simpson,  the  Hudson's 

trading,  that  they  bartered  fiire  so  obtained  from  the  In- 

olh^nf  .?'  ^?~°''  ^^  Company  for  blankete  and 
tZl  \  ^^^««.f  «»'8  goods,  which  they  could  use. 
They  did  not  permit  the  interior  Indian,  to  taide  diwctly 

66 


1 


! 


MODE  OF  UVING  ^ 

Witt  the  company  at  all,  inairting  on  their  right  to  act  aa 

^dhnTh      "^^^    B«tthatwaanece«aryif3 
renqr  M U« ooMt  MUl  the  White. oJL^^'T 

"  »tUI,  after  the  oompaey'e  t^vtM,  retnine*  ila  noiti™ 
a.  the  common  ft«tion.l  emreney;   It  wTt^kTS  .h- 

Of  tiem  bot^S^d^.^^  ""  °°^^'<^  '^'"«' 
auwer^/ar""  "C  *  ^^'  *'*»<«  """gW  toor 

^  112  ^c;tbS,*x"i„^^,"^:i::7-s» 
Cy':s^;rir,ortar'r  ""«"•  *«^ 

J^L^n/^r''  '^'••^^dand young,  waafiah^S 
<i«nt  tribe,  rt  Port  8.mp»n  broke  emp,  irf,  a,,  ,^ 


r' 

i 

^  I 
I 


68 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  AT.AflyA 


m\ 


■/I 


nntoumted  and  unlocked,  and  came,  with  their  families, 
to  occupy,  for  a  month  or  two,  their  ancient  fishing 
groonda  on  the  banks  of  the  Nass  Biver,  forty-five  miles 
or  so  farther  north,  where  the  waters  of  the  great  river 
tumble  over  the  bar  into  Portland  Canal. 

They  know  that  this  is  the  time  for  the  oolakan  to  run 
up  the  river,  and  it  is  important  to  be  at  hand  at  the 
great  event 

The  oolakan,  or  candle  fish  (j0ialeichthy8paciJU!U8),&yron- 
derfally  sweet  fish  to  eat  when  freshly  caught,  is  in  appear- 
ance a  good  deal  like  a  smelt,  most  of  them  about  twelve 
to  fourteen  inches,  and  is  said  to  contain  more  oil  than 
any  other  known  fish.  In  the  frying-pan  it  will  melt 
away  like  a  lump  of  butter,  and,  when  dried  and  provided 
with  a  wick,  it  will  burn  like  a  candle.  Hence  its  name. 
Between  the  16th  and  20th  of  March,  each  year,  yon 
can  see  them  come  by  the  million,  yes,  by  the  billion,  up 
Portland  Ganal,  and  hustle  over  the  bar  of  Nass  Biver, 
their  great  stamping  ground. 

At  the  time  we  are  now  interested  in,  their  coming  tar- 
nished  a  great  sight.  On  the  banks  of  the  river,  and  in 
hundreds  of  canoes  near  and  on  the  bar,  from  five  to 
eight  thousand  Indians,  all  ciying  and  yelling :  "  You 
are  all  chiefs,  every  one  of  you  ! "  as  they  attempt  to  fill 
their  canoes  with  the  shining,  silvery  fish.  The  sea-gulls, 
by  the  thousands,  swinging  above  the  incoming  shoals, 
jabbering  and  chattering,  moving  back  and  forth,  up  and 
down,  all  the  day  long.  Further  down,  the  spring  sal- 
mon, which  are  aiter  the  oolakans,  as  well  as  the  gulls  uid 
the  Indians,— jumping  out  of  the  water  in  their  mad 
chase.  After  them  again,  a  little  further  down,  are  lurk- 
ing the  cunning  hair  seals,  watching  their  chance ;  and 
still  further  away  you  see  the  spouting  of  the  large,  fin- 
back whales,  which  follow  the  seals,  only  to  be  followed 
in  their  turn  by  the  orca,  the  whale-killer,  which  will 


MODE  OF  LIVINQ  99 

rip  open  and  diaembowel  one  of  these  aea-monstera  in  the 
twinkling  of  an  eye,  with  its  fin,  which  is  as  sharp  as  a 
razor. 

And  this  glorious  sight,  and  all  this  incessant  battle, 
keeps  on  for  a  month  or  more.  Thooaands  and  thousands 
of  bushels  of  the  little  "chief"  fishes  are  landed,  and  put 
into  wooden  kettles,  which  are  filled  with  water  made  to 
boil  by  red  hot  stones  dropped  into  the  receptacles.  The 
grease  of  the  boiling  fish  floats  on  top.  The  remainder 
of  the  fishes,  piping  hot  as  they  are,  are  scooped  up  into 
pine-tree-root  baskets,  and  then  the  boiling  hot  mass  is 
pressed  against  the  bare  breasts  of  the  women,  till  the 
grease,  and  every  drop  of  it,  has  been  squeezed  out  The 
oU  must  be  pressed  out  in  no  other  way.  It  would 
"shame"  the  fish  to  treat  it  otherwise. 

With  the  precious  grease,  or  oil,  so  obtained,  the  In- 
dians now  return  to  their  homes  at  Port  Simpson,  from 
whCTe,  during  the  early  summer  months,  the  halibut 
l»nks  lure  the  fishermen  to  obtain  a  further  supply  from 
2*  f!^°i  storehouse.  And  they  are  seldom  disap- 
pointed. ^ibutoffrom75to2.50poundsgreedilysnap 
at  their  rudely  constructed,  but  very  eflfective  hooka 
usually  baited  with  a  herring  or  an  oolakan 

When  July  comes,  it  is  oflf  again,  this  time  to  the  old 
fishing  villages  on  the  Skeena  River,  where  their  ances- 
tors, for  centuries,  have  exereised  the  privilege  of  catch- 
jngthe  red  salmon,  as  it  is  wriggling  ita  way  up  to  its 
breeding  ground,  to  deposit  itB  spawn. 

Here,  in  a  few  weeks,  not  only  all  necessary  for  imme- 
diate use,  but  a  full  supply  for  the  remainder  of  the  year 
as  well  as  for  trading  purposes,  is  secured,  and  the  wholi 
family  now  turns  its  attention  towards  picking  and  dry- 
ing  the  wild  berries  growing  in  abundance  along  the  banks 
Of  the  river,  as  well  as  to  curing  the  salmon  caught,  by 
smoking  and  drying  it  for  winter  use.  -^  ^    f 


to 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALAfflCA 


The  dry  salmon  is  toaatod  before  the  fiie,  Uke  our 
bread,  and  eaten  with  oolakan  oil.  Ou  a  pinch  when 
travelling  for  iaatance,  it  can  be  and  iaeaten  raw.  I  ha^e 
done  8o  myaalf,  and  will  say  that  when  one  is  hnngrr 
raw,  dried  salmon  does  not  taste  b^ly  at  alL  WhwrSi 
new  catch  is  in,  what  remains  of  the  old  sapply  is  des- 
troyed,  and  never  eaten.    It  is  then  conside«d  oat  of 

BonfiOll* 

nn?h*°,^?' '°  ^^"»»*''  the  great  mart  of  the  native, 
on  the  beaches  near  the  fort,  where  Lieutenant  Simpson, 

^f  '  T^!  1  **''  ""^^^  ^*^^  ^^»"«  gathered  onth^ 

beach.    And  after  that  is  over,  come  the  winter  festivities. 

AS  great  masters  as  they  show  themselves  in  the  tmd- 

ing  mart,  they  are  greater  masters  still  on  the  sea,  in  their 

♦T^^"*"**"^  **°"°''^  *'°'  of  a  singletru^of  oneof 
the  red  cedar  giants  growing  along  the  coast  With  their 
^dles  and  sails,  and  nothing  else,  they  make  these 
^noes  fairly  fly  over  the  frothing  billows,  and  carry  them 
safWy  through  the  roughest  gales,  when  ma^larger 
crafts,  with  practiced  mariners,  furnished  with  compass 
and  solid  steering  gear.  Lave  perished  and  never  been 
neard  from  again. 

lie  Indians  believe  that  their  fish  is  just  as  sensitive 
as  they  are  as  to  any  offense  to  Its  dignity. 

The  salmon  is  a  chief,  and  must  not  be  brought  in  contact 
with  any  metal.  It  must  only  be  boiled  in  their  wooden 
^ttl^  If  not,  it  is  -shamed  "  and  may  refuse  to  come 
back  to  ite  usual  haunts.  In  eating  it,  they  of  courseuse 
only  the  heaven-given  forks  and  knives,  as  that  will  not 
shame ''  him.  Duncan,  when  first  there,  often  wit- 
nessed  their  refusing  to  sell  salmon  to  the  steamer  unless 

w-!,^      ^.7°''^*  P^*"**  "^^"^  ^  ^"  "  fi"t  in  their  own 
wooden  kettles. 

^^The  foUowlng  legend  is  characteristic  of  this  su^ersti- 


* 


MODE  OF  LTVTIiB 


n 


"Some  boys  bad  'shamed' 


salmon.     They  camrht 
-«u.  .uc  «  8.„  Close  to  his  fin  and  put  gravel  and  stones 

him  out  in  th«  stream  again.     The  poor  fellow  wri.r<rl«l 
and  «affe«d,  and  could  not  swim  ^^  Td  Ind^rf  v^ 

X;  tuh'The  ^"r  r*'  ''^  ^-^  °^  the^l'nrn 

zL:r,t,Sfit^tf?>"  '"^  ^^""^  "^« 

tainside  ^il  w»?7  ***'**  '*  '^"  ^«^"  themoun- 

^de  and  way  down  into  a  river  where  the  fire  sput- 

^  i.d  stlt^  IhT  "^"^^^^^  «>»e<l  down  a  bi^ 
rocK,  ana  stopped  the  fire  stream." 

shonfd 'h^^^'  1^*"  "^^  *^«"*'^"''  ^  «>°«°"  ai'oot  what 
shonld  be  done  to  propitiate  the  imte  monntain-god  Td 
the  salmon  as  well,  so  he  would  not  'go  ba«k"on  tC 
dtnL^rri^r^  -cU«iont,.t^henaug^^^^^^^^^ 

srj  ;s^e  tr"-  ^^  -  aiiiwL^ri^i:; 

^  d^'^of  tl  "^T"""^^  •'y  «^-«'"g'  '"«t«a<l,  to  kill 
the  dogs  of  the  village,  which  were  thereupon  all  sacri- 
ficed  and  burned  as  a  peace-offering  io  the  sZon." 


I  ; 


X 

PECULIAR  CUSTOMS 

BOTH  the  men  and  women  of  this  nation,  in  olden 
tunes,  wore  rings  in  their  noses,  and  rings  or 
shells  m  their  ears.    The  men  of  rank  oftenwore 
a  number  of  tb-m  in  the  ears. 
The  women    ,{  rank  were  provided  with  a  "  labrette  " 
•  bone,  inlaid  with  abalone  sheU,  two  or 
i,  and  up  to  an  inch  wide,  which  was  in- 
-ning  in  the  chin.     It  came  about  in  this 
a  girl  reached  the  age  of  puberty,  she  was 
^'     f,  either  in  a  hut  in  the  forest,  or  in  a 
in  the  house,  for  a  period  of  about  six 


or  ornament 
three  inches 
serted  in  an 
way:    Wh  n 
shut  up  by  he 
separate  enclop 


months  Dum«  this  ,  riod,  when  no  one  except  her 
mother  Has  aUow.^  to  see  her,  a  slit  was  cutparalld  with 
her  lower  lip,  and  a  little  below  it  In  this  slit  waT  ^ 
«rted  a  piece  of  bone.  The  slit  was  gradually  made 
larger,  and  a  larger  ornament  inserted.    The  lanrer  a 

23.0  ''"f;.*^'*^^^'*'^^^^'^-  Slavesw3not 
allowed  to  w^r  them  at  all.  A  T^imshean  woman  would 
never  think  of  appearing  before  a  strange  man,  or  in  com- 
pany without  her  labrette.  Should  she  accidentally  do 
«,  she  would  feel  as  embarrassed  as  would  one  of  our 
ladi^  today  who  might  be  surprised  in  undress. 

When  the  six  months  were  over,  it  was  claimed  that 
^e  had  come  back  "  from  the  moon."  A  feast  was  held 
for  her  and  property  was  given  away.  When  the  guests 
were  all  gathered  in  the  house,  a  curtain  was  withdSwn, 
and  the  maiden  was  shown  sitting,  surrounded  by  the 

72 


h 

k 


PECULUR  CUSTOMS  n 

"coppe«»' '  of  the  family,  or  the  tribe,  and  oommenoed 
to  Biug  a  song.  This  constituted  the  yonng  lady's  "  com- 
ing out"  She  was  now  marriageable. 
Her  marriage  was  proceeded  with  as  follows  : 
The  young  girls  are  kept  very  strictly.  They  must  be 
modest  and  never  look  at  a  young  man.  Outside  the 
house  they  could  appear  only  with  the  mother  or  an  older 
sister. 

There  was,  therefore,  a  very  limited  chance  for  flirta- 
tion,  or  even  courtship.  When  a  young  man  desired  to 
marry  the  young  lady,  he  consulted  with  his  parents,  or 
perhaps  it  is  more  correct  to  say  that  they  consulted  with 
him  when  they  had  found  some  one  they  wanted  him  to 
marry,  as  the  mother  o'ayoung  man  l^as  usually  the  one 
Who  looked  around  to  find  a  suitable  bride  for  him 

*  i^^fu^'^'^f  *^*°  ^^""^  ^  *^®  Pa»*«°t8  o^  the  girl,  and 
told  them  she  would  like  their  daughter  for  her  son,  if 
ttey  would  agree.    The  giri's  parents  never  gave  an  in- 
swer  right  away.    That  would  look  as  if  ^ey  were 
anxious  to  get  rid  of  her.    After  listening  to  what  Z 
^y's  mother  had  to  say,  they,  without  commlnglm 
Sr  '"^  ^°y  J^y' *»W  her  that  they  would  consiJt  their 
relatives  on  the  subject    This  ended  the  meeting,    i?^ 
a  few  "  moons,"  the  boy's  mother  would  again  <^11  onth^ 
girrs  parents.    If  their  answer  was  fa^urable,  the^ 
would  now  sugg^  that  the  young  people  wait  a  year,  w 
as  to  see  if  they  behaved  themselves,  and  that  they  wo^d 

^11^  Z  ?T  .^°^^^  '^^*  engagement  thus  being 
sett  ed,  without  the  intervention  of  the  young  people,  the 
boy's  mother  brought  a  present  to  the  giri's  m^^,Vr. 
haps  a  basketful  of  cedar  bark,  torn  up  fine  like  oakum, 
ww^  they  use  for  toweling,  or  something  of  that  sort^ 
When  the  wedding  day  finally  had  been  fixed,  the 

'  "Coppen"m  large  engraved  and  bammerad  shieMaof  natiM 
oopper,  beirlooma,  and  very  oostly  poMeaaiona. 


t 


I  ''i 


74 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


Ifi  '■ 


h 


('  '.. 


young  man's  father  and  ondes  visited  the  girl's  &ther 
and  mother,  and  gave  them  preseuts,  generally  canoes, 
J^aves,  and  mats.  That  is,  thoy  did  not  bring  them  alo^ 
but  promised  them  by  placing  a  stick  in  ftont  of  the 
father  if  they  meant  to  give  a  canoe,  and  a  stone,  if  thev 
meant  a  slave.  If  this  offeriug  was  deemed  suffident.  the 
recipient  would  nod  his  head,  and  that  setUed  the  mat- 
ter. This  was  really  the  purchase  price  which  the  boy's 
»niily  paid  for  the  girl.  '' 

On  the  wedding  day,  the  young  man  is  seated  on  a  mat 
m  the  houaeof  the  girl's  parents,  with  hh*  parent,  and 
uncles.     The  girl's  mother  would  then  go  to^e  booK 
where  the  g^rl  is  kept,  briug  her  in,  leading  her  by  thi 
hand,  and  take  her  over  to  the  mat  where  the  young  m«i 
sita    She  then  seated  herself  on  the  mat  at  bis  Hide,  but 
without  either  taking  his  hand,  or  even  speaking  tohim. 
This  was  the  whole  of  the  mah-iage  ceremony 
The  procession  would  now  start  for  the  young  man's 
home.     (If  he  had  no  house  of  his  own,  his  home  from 
that  time  was  with  his  maternal  uncle,   not  with  his 
father.)    In  the  procession  the  bridegroom  went  flret 
then  the  bride,  then  his  relative's,  and,  lastly,  here.     A 
f^  was  now  given  to  the  relatives,  and,  later  on,  one  to 
the  lea«ling  men  of  the  village.    It  was  now  the  bride's 
parents'  turn  to  give  presents,  the  father  generally  present- 
ing them  with  a  supply  of  food,  the  mother  with  spoons 
and  other  household  utensils. 

When  a  child  came,  the  girl's  mother  gave  presents  to 
the  mother  of  the  young  man. 

When  a  man  died,  his  children  went  to  their  mother's 
oldest  brother  to  live,  and  became  his  children.  The 
dwd  man's  property  all  descended  to  his  oldest  sister's 
oldest  sou.  So  did  the  widow,  whom  he  had  to  many 
and  this  whether  he  had  a  wife  already  or  not  If  he  did 
not  want  to  marry  her,  he  must  give  her  an  indemnity 


PECULIAR  CUSTOMS  75 

when  she  could  many  aome  one  else.    When  a  yonwr 

£^1?  T  ^*  *  ^°""«  °"*'  "^'  '^^'O"*  *»»«  ««»« time. 
E^t^n  these   parUoolar  <«ee,  polygamy  wae  not 

th^^r^^T*"  «»™»  to  theee  people,  they  cremated 
ti^rdead.  The  only  exception  wa.  inthe^aaeTSe 
"M^idne-men,  who  perhap.  were  conaideied  too  tongh  tJ 

w^h  ?  r""  ^^'^  ^  '  Bitting  poeition  in  a  box. 

wWch  was  dther  hidden  among  the  bninches  of  a  taU 
tme,  or  deported  on  a  prominent  rock  in  some  lonely  apot 

At  the  ftineral  thia  was  the  procedure  • 

The  box  containing  the  corpse  was  placed  on  a  mat  in 

blackened  their  faces  with  charcoal  or  black  paint  cut 

S^l'.S'?^^'"''  P'^'  °°  the  poorest  and  worsldouZ 
they  had,  took  some  old  mats  which  had  been  thrown 
•way,  and  made  head-dresses  of  them.  They  then  fomIS 
•  procession  the  widow  leading,  then  the  childron.  1^ 
cording  to  their  ages,  after  which  came  the  relatives, 
^ej  ail  marched  around  the  box.  If  the  deceaTwL  . 
^  they  sang    their  famous  "lemkoy,"  or   fhn^ 

If  It  was  not  a  chiefs  flineral,  an  incessant  wailing  was 
kept  np  aa  long  as  the  corpse  was  in  the  house. 

fhtf^  *  ^^^  ""''°°'  **'  '^^"K'  *be  box  containing 

of  wood,  back  of  the  house,  and  burned.  The  bone,  re^ 
maining  were  picked  up,  ground  into  dusl^  and  pl,^^ 
;Z  \Srf '  ^*''**'  ''*^*  '"'"'^  had^«tem-?Xw« 
noti  the  ashes  were  sometimes  placed  in  a  mortuary 


i 


»■ 


W  THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

column,  erected  for  the  deceaeed  lome  time  after  his 
iTfU  ^"'  "^"*  totem-pole.  and  mortuaiyXnl' 
were  the  exception  rather  than  the  rule  with  the  IWrn? 
■heans,  in  most  cases  no  farther  attenUon  was  paid  to  the 
Mhee  of  the  dead  afler  the  cremation. 

The  Tsimsheans  were  very  hospitable.  The  arrival  of 
a  Granger  was  always  the  signal  for  immediately  »Wnff 
before  him  of  the  best  which  the  house  conld  bZT      ' 

The  winter  season  was  one  continuous  round  of  feast- 
lug.  Now  one  chief,  then  another,  made  a  fe^t^d 
every  imaginable  pretext  was  made  'use  of  L  Texc^ 

S'^ll^^"^  *****  °°*  °»'y  *o«»ve  themachauc^^ 
show  their  hospitality,  but  just  as  much  to  ftarnish  an  o^ 
portunity  "to  show  off. "  ^ 

If  there  was  anything  that  the  IWmsheans  prized  nore 
tiban  a  pa,^  and  display  of  what  they  had,  iL^t  ha" 
been  the  observation  of  the  strictest  rules  of  etiqneUe 

Chamberlain  of  a  European  Imperial  Court 

If  a  boy  should  have  his  ears  pierced,  or  should  assume 
a  more  important  family  name,  or  should  Cm^h^t 
they  called  a  -  principal,-  aton'ce  each  of  th^oS^oM 
called  for  a  feast,  or  «ther  seveml  feasts,  and^ln^r 
ter  case,  also  for  a  "  potlatch."  ' 

If  a  house  was  to  be  built,  there  had  to  be  four  differ- 
e^  f^  with  plenty  to  eat,  placed  before  the^^^; 
big  boxes,  sometimes  in  small  canoes,  and  it  all  SHo  to 

Had  m  the  world  of  personal  property 
Tie  more  disptaythat  can  to  nade,  and  the  more 


REGALIA  OF  A  TSLMSHEAX  CHIEF 


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PECULIAR  CUSTOMS 


n 


prop«r^  gireo  away,  the  greater  glory  is  reflected  oo  tha 
tribe.  Therefore,  all  the  memben  of  hit  tribe  preaent  to 
him  for  days  all  that  they  poaeM,  coppers,  alavea,  canoci^ 
gana,  blankets,  fiirs  of  all  kinds,  nets,  mats,  krtUci^ 
bracelets,  necklaces,  rings,  headdresses,  masks,  calico, 
dress-goods,  hats,  moccasins,  and  all  other  things  flt 
to  gire  away. 

The  first  parade  and  display  is  now  made  of  what 
these  good  people  give  to  their  chief  for  him  to  give 
away  to  others. 

The  day  before  the  great  potlatch,  they  exhibit  their 
gifts  pablicly.  Hoodreds  of  yards  of  calico  and  cotton 
goods  are  flapping  in  the  breese,  hung  from  house  to 
house.  Fars  are  nailed  to  the  doors.  Blankets  and  elk 
skins  are  carried  along  the  beach  by  carriers  walking  in 
single  flie. 

The  cotton  and  calico  is  then  bronght  down  to  the 
beach,  the  Ikrther  away  ftx>m  the  chiefs  house  the  better, 
and  unrolled  to  its  full  length  ;  a  bearer  is  then  secured 
for  about  eyery  three  yards,  and  now  it  is  carried  in  tri- 
umph to  the  chiefs  house. 

That,  and  all  the  other  nreaents,  are  to  be  his  now. 
His  people  have  impoverished  themselves.  But  in  an- 
other day  he  will  not  be  much  better  off.  All  of  theii& 
and  all  of  his,  will  then  be  gone. 

He  and  his  chief  counsellors,  and  his  wife,  are  already 
apportioning  this  new  property  brought  to  him,  among 
those  who  are  to  be  his  guests  on  the  morrow. 

The  great  day  comes,  and  with  it  the  chiefb  and  leading 
men  of  the  other  tribes,  and  sometimes  of  other  nations 
or  settlements ;  but  not  one  of  the  chief's  friends  in  his 
own  tribe.  If  they  are  present,  it  is  only  as  spectaton, 
to  witness  the  great  sight  Not  a  yard  of  calico,  or  an 
ounce  of  powdo*,  is  given  to  any  of  them.  The  chief  is 
seated  at  the  chief's  seat,  the  other  great  chiefli  around 


I 


=  / 


W  THE  APOOTLE  OP  ALASKA 

him,  dttiiif  Moordioff  to  their  imnk     a  hm^iA  — 

mioagh  the  n«t  moralng  the  ohi«f  J.  M  Door  M  wh-- 

W^  tor  be  hM  experienced  the  glory  oU  pouTriwoJ 

will  be  apoken  of  for  maoy  moou.  *~"~«n»  which 

Bat  do  Dot  thinlc  for  a  moment  that  he  ia  ,m«^*^  w- 

»«Mir,  ezceMiire  indoatry  and  hard-fiited  Annn^J.  ^i 

•way  at  all.  It  is  the  lUmahean  wav  «f  K.»i.t  ^ 
life  in««nce,  moulded  intoTnr  kI^^JI^'^ 
•nything  which  he  i.  not  Bare  to  gS  b^"  JhTn.!!! 

nack  of  what  they  have  received  from  each  chief  at  evi^ 

posit  in  0»e  bank  is  cadied  oat  in  smaUer  amoanta.  L  h^ 
n«da  it,  and  a  little  intewrt  added  for  the  we^oTit 
What  more  can  he  require  1  ^  me  uae  of  it 

■«««uoe  aa  well,  let  the  foUowing  indicate  i 


l! 


I*BCt7UAB  CU8IOMB 


ft 

»•  «fckr  «!•■,  bot  hit  wMb  hM  th.  BMBO  Utokfc  Mid 

l^poitod  on  •U  his gilii,  Mid  ■•  to  who  iaowiathiiZ  ud 
£Z  ^^^1^  ^«r  wiU  d«*  to  rilfht  tte  «Shew 
Mr,  fcU  to  inTito  hia,  or  to  aako  Urn  the  Miltablo  «ift 
£L?.*tr^'  tor  b,  wrt,  k«,w.  thl  th.  wl£w 
«J«I»  •  frtet  aoooont,  and  Mihe  haa  oMrried  the  h«ir. 

^•JI!"  *!?  ""  P*****  W«  to  the  chief  who  toUod 
toratanthegiftheowwL  Bonga  would  be  made  nbont 
nil  f*"^"  "«.  «d  he  might  Joat  aa  w^l^ 
Jaajhatonoe.  lift  would  be  nnendnmble  after  aoeh  a 
jMd.    HehaabeenguUtyoftheunpaidonablealn,that 

It  to  ewm  aoggeatod  that  it  to  in  oider  to  enable  the 
Wr  to  keep  track  of  theae  valoable  daima,  that  the 

2S!^  WK**^"'"*^  ^  "•P*»«'^  ^  "»«y  the  widow, 

althoogh  the  wtoe  men  add,  that  a  yonng  man  and  anold 

♦K      ?^J^®**  "*"  •"*  •young  wife>  ahouldeverbe 

^SL'^^JiTtL^T'  i"  both  caaea,  there  to  at  leaat  one 
Wtoe  pereon  in  the  hooae. 

It  to  in  theae  potUitchea,  and  the  contributiona  of  the 

tod  toe  oiJy  veedge  of  toxea  or  -tary  piUd  by  the  piiple 
to  their  chiefk  AaachiefneverdoeaanymaiuallJIboSr, 
he  must  of  oourae  And  hto  living  aomewhera,  and  here  a 
way  to  pointed  out  for  him  ao  to  do.  ««>nia 

There  waa  another  way  in  which  property  waa  dispoaed 

Whr*«r".^***'Z:**"°"«"^P~P>«-  Itwaathto: 
When  one  of  them  iblt  himaelf  inanltod  or  aggrieved  by 
another,  he  would,  in  the  pi«M»,oe  of  the  ot£,  d«trt>y 
hto  own  canoe,  or  other  valuable  property.  The  othi 
muatthen,  at  the  riak  of  being  ahamedouicf  countenance 
i#  ^S!***^  ^"^^  **•*  ■*™*  •^<^'«  belonging  to  him- 
•Blf.  Then  the  flrat  one  destroys  another  article,  and  he 
has  to  follow  soit  If  he  fiiito,  he  to  "sham^"  and 
Poetically  oatractoed.    He  certainly  cannot  show  hto  Ihce 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


0 


'   ; 


lip 

! 


f'|l 


■gain  in  deoent  loeiety.    Many  a  man  has  in  this  waj 
been  abwlntely  rained  by  a  richer  enemy. 

Gambling  was  a  national  vice  of  the  lUnubeana.  Many 
of  their  legends  have  to  do  with  men  who  gambled  away 
all  thattiiey  poMnmed— alavea,  canoes,  coppers,  wife  and 
children. 

At  all  their  festivities,  in  flMt,  on  all  possible  occa- 
sions, the  Indians  painted  their  foces  in  a  most  horrible 
manner.  While  they  perhaps  coold  And  an  excuse  for 
doing  so  in  their  continuons  exposure  to  the  elements,  and 
to  the  attack  of  gnats  and  mosquitoes,  the  real  reason 
undoubtedly  was,  that,  by  painting  their  faces,  they  de- 
sired to  make  themselves  look  as  terror-striking  as  pos- 
sible. 

"Lex  talionis"  was  the  supreme  rale  among  the 
Tiimsheans,  as  among  all  primitive  peoples.  But  retali- 
ation among  them  took  a  peculiar  form.  When  a  Haida 
Indian  had  killed  a  Tsimshean,  the  law  was  satisfied  by 
killing  the  first  Haida  they  came  across,  without  regard 
to  whether  he,  or  even  his  tribe,  had  bad  anything  to  do 
with  the  killing  of  the  Tsimshean.  If  the  man  killed  was 
a  chief,  two  of  the  other  nation  had  to  pay  for  it  with 
their  lives.  Then,  and  then  only,  was  the  slate  wiped 
dean.  If  one  of  the  two  killed  in  retaliation  was  a  chief 
or  loading  man,  they  had  overshot  the  mark,  and  some 
more  killing  was  due.  But  a  murder,  like  all  other  in- 
juries, could  be  settled  for  by  paying  an  indemnity. 
Every  imaginable  injury  had  a  fixed  compensatory 
schedule-price  in  blankets. 

It  would  sometimes  bother  a  Philadelphia  lawyer  to 
figure  out  the  liability  in  these  cases.  Whether  the 
wrong-doer  intended  his  act>  or  it  was  wholly  accidental, 
did  not  cut  any  figure  at  all,  except,  possibly,  a«  to  the 
amount  of  the  compensation.  If  an  Indian  shot  at  my 
deooy,  and  thereby  lost  his  cartridge,  I  was  bound  to  pay 


PECUUAR  CUSTOBIS 


tt 


him  the  price  of  the  cartridge.  It  has  eren  been  held 
Uut  the  owner  of  a  stolen  rifle  bad  to  pay  indemnity  to 
the  relativea  of  the  burglar  who  stole  it,  and  accidentally 
■hot  himself  with  it,  for  his  death. 

If  a  man  is  attacked  by  a  savage  dog,  and  kills  him  in 
self-defense,  he  must  pay  the  owner  for  the  dog. 

▲  small  trading  schooner,  in  a  ftirioos  gale,  once  res- 
coed  two  Indians  from  a  sinking  canoe,  which  bad  been 
carried  oat  to  sea.  The  canoe  was  so  large  that  it  could 
neither  be  carried  nor  towed,  and  the  natives  themselves 
out  the  worthless  craft  adrift.  When  the  captain  landed 
the  men  at  their  village,  they  demanded  of  him  paymeut 
for  the  canoe.  We  cannot  blame  him  for  not  seeing  it  in 
that  light  But  still  it  was  a  perfectly  correct  position  to 
take^  from  the  Tsimshean  point  of  view. 

If  a  child  is  killed,  the  indemnity  goes  to  its  mother's 
brother,  not  to  the  father.  A  native,  by  an  unfortunate 
accident,  once  killed  his  own  son,  and  had  to  pay  indem> 
nity  for  his  life  to  his  wife's  brother,  or  be  killed  himself 
to  balance  the  account 

A  short  time  before  Duncan's  arrival  the  Fort  came 
near  being  destroyed  by  fire.  The  smokehouse,  directly 
back  of  the  men's  quarters,  had  caught  fire,  and,  before 
it  was  discovered,  all  of  that  part  of  the  Fort  was  in  flames. 
During  the  excitement,  some  two  hundred  Indians  had 
oome  into  the  Fort,  helping  to  carry  water  from  the  sea. 
Finally,  one  of  them  suggested  carrying  a  canoe  up  on 
the  gallery,  and  fill  it  with  water,  and,  when  ftiU,  tip  it 
over  the  building  on  fire.  This  was  done,  and  undoubt- 
edly saved  the  Fort  ftvm  destruction.  When  the  fire  had 
been  put  out,  the  Indians  reftised  to  leave,  claiming  that 
the  Fort  belonged  to  them  now,  inasmuch  as,  if  it  had  not 
been  for  them,  it  would  have  been  burned.  The  issue 
would  perhaps  have  been  donbtftil  if  the  captain  had  not 
succeeded  in  bribing  one  of  thechieft,  who  made  aq>eech| 


8S 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


•nd  indooed  tbam  to  gire  ap  their  daim.  Thto  cfak£ 
forever  afterwardi,  went  by  the  uae  of  ''BpokcT^ 
tiOe  well  ewned  by  Us  eflbcCiYe  uiaiiieiit 

Until  their  oontMnlnatlon  by  the  Whitei^  the  TWaaheiM 
■tood  high  In  the  moral  e«le.  Hi^  we»  well  known 
•U  over  thnt  p«t  of  the  ooontty  for  their  hon<M7 
•nduprightne*    Theft  wm  entiwly  nnknown  wnoog 

They  had  no  intoxionting  liquor  of  their  own,  nnd  did 
not  know  what  intozioation  waa  nntU  the  white  man 
bro.«ht  the  ourw  among  them,  and  laoght  them  how  to 

^iS^*^r^"  *^^**^ ~««**«°  Imaginable. 
With  the  flre-water  oame  deetmotion  to  both  aoal  and 
body  of  the  poor  viotima. 

jae  Trimaheans  did  raiae  a  kind  of  anbetitote  tor  to- 
baoocH  which  they  did  not,  however,  nae  for  amoking. 
only  for  chewing.  — w»uij, 

Before  the  white  men  came  among  them,  lapaeaftom 
▼irtue  on  the  part  of  their  women  wei«  practically  un- 
known. UniWthfWneai  on  the  partof  awiitewaapun- 
iahable  by  death,  the  iqjnred  husband  executing  the  law 
hlmaelj  and  in  addition  coUecting  a  heavy  indemnity 
ftom  the  partner  in  her  crime,  or  taking  ravenge  upon 
Wm  by  kUling  him.  When  the  Whitea  came  to  the  ooii 
the  aobriety  and  honesty  of  the  men,  and  the  purity  of  the 
women,  soon  vanished.  After  a  while  it  became  the 
iMiion  for  theTrimaheansto  bring  their  wives,  daughters 
and  nieces,  by  the  canoe-load,  to  Victoria,  when  they 
would  rent  them  out  for  prostitution,  without  in  any  man- 

Mr  perceiving  the  moral  obliquity  of  the  act    Did  not 
the  white  people  do  it  t 

When  Mr.  DnncanhadbeenattheFortfbrayearor 

'*^  J°^^  **"•  ^y  **"*  *»  *»*"»  <I»»I*«  «ci«*d,  and 
wanted  him  to  go  for  some  men  on  a  whooner  in  the  har- 
bour.   When  Ihmoan  asked  him  why,  he  oooUy  said  I 


PECULIAR  CUSTOMS  61 

"  Tht J  have  had  my  two  iriT«  OB  boMd  ail  BlthL  Md 
wiU  not  paj  for  them."  ^ 

"  You  loamp  yon,  why  did  yon  let  yoor  wives  gof  " 

Beoanee  Uiey  promiaed  to  pay  me  for  them." 
It  to  DeedleHs  to  aay  that  Mr.  Ooooan  did  not  go  Ar 

them.  lurtead,  that  particular  Indiau  received  the  flM^ 
tongne-laahiug  he  had  ever  had. 

Through  the  iuilueuoe  and  evil  example  of  many  bad 
white  men,  the  TWmrtH«nt  had  been  hurled  from  the 
lofty  position  of  happiness  and  innooence  which  thevhad 
once  occupied.    Through  the  loving  Influence,  and  God- 

ISlSliTSiVf  ^?  ''!:*^  "-».  were  they  to  be  .gain 
PMtored  to  the  heights  where  they  once  soared,  and  that 
from  the  despsfe^,  depths  of  dcfradation. 


'« 


\f:h 


XI 

THE  TOTEMS  AND  CLUBS 

WB  have  already  nea  that  the  2,900  IWnuheuia 
living  at  Fort  Simpwo   were  divided  into 
nine  different  trilxjti,  living  each  in  their  own 
■eparate  village,  clone  by  each  other. 

But  the  bond  of  the  IWmaht  ..u  nation  waa  not  the  only 
one  uniting  the  different  tribea.  In  every  tribe  wera 
foand  members  of  the  aame  four  different  clans  or  crests, 
the  ties  and  relations  of  these  dans  being  much  more  in- 
timate  and  binu.^^  than  the  tribe  relation.  The  name 
given  to  this  relation  is  "  totem."  We  find  it  not  only 
permeating  the  IWmshean  nation,  but  also  all  the  other 
Indian  communities  on  the  Northwest  coast,  with  prac- 
tically the  identical  crests  in  each.  Yea,  we  are  told  that 
the  same  clan  division  is  found  among  the  aborigines 
In  the  Southern  Sea,  as  well  as  among  some  of  the  natives 
of  the  South  American  continent. 

The  forest  of  totem  poles  which  greets  the  eye  of  the 
traveller  all  along  the  coast  of  Southeastern  Alaska,  and 
which,  by  their  grotesque  carding  and  painting,  furnish 
80  great  an  attraction  to  him,  is  an  outcropping  and  an 
evidence  of  the  existence  of  this  clan  or  crest  system  all 
around  him. 

At  first  the  white  people  were  inclined  to  look  at  the 
totem-poles  as  idols,  and  believed  them  to  be  objects  of 
worship  on  the  part  of  the  Indians.  But  herein  they  were 
clearly  mistaken.  The  designs  on  them  were  simply 
■ymbolical  of  the  crests  adopted  in  far  back  ages  to  distin- 

84 


l-i 


{>i 


i    11 


'    « 


i 


li 


ti 


THE  TOTEMS  AND  CLUBS 


85 


gvkli  Um  tarn  mdal  cImw  into  vhioh  mwIi  trib*  wm  dl- 
riMi,  Mid  th«  totMopol^  la  rMlity,  !■  »  MbUltuto fbr 
the  c(Mt  of  Mrms  of  Um  EoropcMi  DoblMMD. 

The  OM  of  the  totem-polo  nerer  beceme  oommon  Mnong 
tlie  IWrnebcMM,  while  the  Haldaa,  the  expert  oenrera  ot 
the  ooeet,  were  eepeelaUy  noted  for  their  oomplex  eete  of 
toten>pol«e,  and  were  cloeely  followed  by  the  Thlinfit& 

The  illaatmtion  on  m  ueer-by  pe^e  girce  an  idea  of  the 
foreit  of  totempolee  in  a  Halda  viUase.  At  Fort  Simp- 
■on,  the  headqoarten  of  the  lUmahean  nation,  there  wea 
never,  at  any  time,  more  than  eight  or  ten  totem-polei^ 
all  told.  The  Tiimsheane,  inateed,  eome  time  painted 
the  aaimala  of  their  totems  on  the  front  wall  of  their 
hooMe,  and  every  howehold  nteneU  and  treaeore  eheet, 
u  well  as  every  box  in  which  the  winter  food  was  etorad, 
bore  npon  it  evidence*  of  the  flunily't  totem,  carved  or 
painted,  aa  the  ceae  might  be. 

Aa  it  ia  important  on  a  aal^ect  like  thia  to  have  an 
anthoritative  explanation,  and  aa  no  mac  on  the  North- 
weat  ooait  ooold  be  a  more  abeolate  anthority  on  every* 
thiug  in  connection  with  the  Indiana  than  Mr.  Duncan,  I 
will  reproduce  what  he  haa  written  on  the  totem  anbjeot 
in  The  JfeOaioMfam,  So.  4,  for  the  month  of  November. 
1889:  ' 

'•  The  names  of  the  four  clans,  In  the  Tsimsheen  Unguage,  are 
— Kishpootwadda,— <:anadda,— Lacheboo,  and— Lackshkeak. 

"  The  Kishpootwadda,  by  far  the  roost  numerous  here- 
abouts, are  represented  symbolically,  by  the  grizzly  bear  on 
land,  the  finback  whale  in  the  sea,  the  owl  in  the  air,  and  the 
ninbow  in  the  heavens.— The  Canadda  symbols  are  the  frog: 
the  raven ;  the  starfish ;  and  the  bullhead.— The  Ucheboo 
Uke  the  wolf  and  the  heron  for  totems.— The  Lackshkeak  the 
beaver,  the  eagle,  the  halibut,  and  the  dogfish. 

"The  creatures  I  have  just  named,  are,  however,  only  re- 
garded  as  the  visible  representatives  of  the  powerful  and 
mystical  beings,  or  Genii,  of  Indian  mythology.    And,  u  all  of 


y 


' 


86 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


one  group  are  said  to  be  of  the  same  kindred  ;  so  all  the  men. 
bers  of  the  same  clan,  whose  heraldic  symtoU  are  the  2S" 
are  counted  as  blood  relations.     Strange  To  mv   this  r^lJf^' 
.h.p  holds  good    should  the  persons  Kg  ^o  d  S  "Jr" 

KJl°:i""'  '"}^''P^^  »  to^allydifferent^Sgu^^S•S 
located  thousands  of  miles  apart.  On  beinir  askS  to  ^.ni-Sf 
how  this  notion  of  relationship  oriainated  of^^Kv  ^?  "^'"° 
pctuated.  in  the  face  of  so  man^bliS^g  cScuiiclThe 

raTluSl^dVanSX^fi^i-  fhcirSo^jS 

tfrm.      -TK       •  ^^^^  '°*^'«''  ""^  fo™«i  new  tribal  aaS 

of  the  original  founders  of  each  family.  onspring 

"As  It  may  be  interesting  to  know  to  what  practical  uk*  »h* 

trilii'L./^  '•  l'*^*  previously  mentioned,  crests  subdivide 
they  appear  in  some  mythological  tale  or  legend  '  ' 

••'ui:^^:;;::^  *^ '^  "^  *"•  ^  "--»-•«*»• 'w^ 


THE  TOTEMS  AND  CLUBS  87 

«.«!  ^P  •  *"•*  *=«»^  define  the  bonds  of  consanguinity,  and  per- 
■ons  having  the  same  crests  are  forbidden  to  intenSr^;  ffi^t 
B.  a  irog  may  not  marry  a  frog ;  nor  a  whale  marry  "ihale  • 
bu  a  frog  may  marry  a  wolf,  and  a  whale  may  marry  an  eSfe' 
••  Among  some  of  the  Alaskan  tribes,  I  am  told,  the  marS« 
restrictions  are  still  further  narrowed,  and  perso^  of  dSbS? 
l\^  r^""^  intermarry,  if  the  creatures  ^iSr^Se 
™^voT  '^lJ^^\'^'ti^ots;  thus,  the  Canadda  m'^not 
marry  a  Lackshkeak,  because  the  raven  of  the  one  crest  and  ?he 

^ifn  Ih?^°l'j!l'**i.*°**  ^*''*"""  '^^  ««°«  kind  of  food 
tl.!  r.'i,  I  ?l»''P«>»7*dda  may  not  marry  a  Lacheboo,  because 

2^Pvo"i.^  "**  ""^^'  "P'^*"^*  those  crests,  'are  bS 

rnl^H^J^^^  *''*  '^  u"**'*"  ^^  *•»*  mother's  crest,  and  are  in- 
coqwrated  as  members  of  the  mother's  famUyj  nor  do  they 
d«^nate,  or  regard,  their  father's  family  as  theif  relations.  A 
^J.!^n  ^""i^T^I'  '^"^^°"''  »  "°t  his  own  son.  but  Us 

dS  ?rL  ^**' '?  '•**  ^  °'  *  ''°™*"  '^••'«  ™"ri^  into  a 
dutant  tnbe,  away  from  her  relations,  the  offspring  of  such 

union,  when  grown  up,  will  leave  their  parents  and  |o  to  thdr 

SoES  fSv  %'h'*?*' ''''"  "^p^^^*  pill'  ii  tJ: 

S  litivrSi.  il  .L'*''  accounts  for  the  great  interest 
wnicn  nanves  take  in  their  nephews  and  nieces  which  »>»»•»/% 

'??;?  Ti  *°,  ^''  'r^*  h  ^"^^  inTe^oIn  c'hiS/" 
KS)     Ine  clan  relationship  also  regulates  all  feasting      A 
native  never  invites  the  members  of  his  o^  cres?fo  a^ifeaat 

«  ;r,  '^"'!  «f  "^«1/*  ^^  ^^^  relations,  are  STayS  wdS^ 
as  hui  guests;  but  at  feasts  which  are  given  only  for  disola?  m 

tTeir  miinf^5  »K  •  '*"**.°"'  ""^  "P"'«^  »»  contribute  of 
luSeS  On  thi  f  "■  "T*?  8?t»itously.  to  make  the  feast  a 
success.     On  the  fame  of  the  feast  hangs  the  honour  of  the 

"  (6)    This  social  brotherhood  has  a  great  deal  to  do  with 

KrS.  •°"P'''"'^  *™ong  the  Indians,  nittefonmrnrn^ 
importance  in  a  country  without  hotels  or  resUurants. 

A  stranger,  with  or  without  his  family,  in  visitinir  an  In 
dun  village,  need  never  be  at  a  loss  for  shdter    1S\L  il  to 

•  While  even  at  the  present  day  the  TUnuheana  very  nrelv  if  at  aU 

nat^  in  the  text  giren,  aavar  did  apply  to  them. 


/  »' 


I 


88 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


.1 


ii 


f 


»  i 


tJI  h.™*''*  '"°r  *''*  .''°"»*  belonging  to  one  of  his  crest 
There  he  ,s  sure  of  a  welcome,  and  of  the  best  the  host  canlf- 

uldJas^Jch"'  "•  "~""'^  •  ''^''"'  -^  '-'«»  ««i 
"(7)  The  subdivision  of  the  tribes  into  their  social  clans 
tccouMts  „,  a  n,ea.ure  for  the  number  of  petty  chiefsSslS 
each  tPbe.  as  each  clan  can  boast  of  its  head  n.en  The  more 
property  a  clan  can  accumulate,  and  give  away  to  rival  cSST 
the  greater  number  of  head  men  it  may  have. 

"  (8)  Another  prominent  use,  made  by  the  natives  of  their 
heraldic  symbols  is,  that  they  take  names  from  Semffr  the  r 
children;  for  mstance,  Wee-nay-ach,  'big  fin  Wwhale^  K 

h^w^'r^vfig  ."J^Sff  r™"'  '  ^"^">'  Athl.kah.kout,  ^hi 

'.'  ^9)    And  last,  but  not  least,  the  kinship,  claimed  and 

ni«.ma,ned  m  each  tribe  by  the  m;thod  of  cr«?  ,  ha   much  to 

do  with  preventmg  bKjodfeuds;  and  also  in  reitorinJ^J^Id? 

thereof,  may,  and  do  fight,  but  members  of  the  same  social 
clan  may  not  fight,  Hence,  in  contests  between  T^  triSj 
wn,  t[?^'  T*'"  '"  ^"""^  «""«'  non-combatants,  who  *Sll 

t«2^  of  °Pf~''"""^  '°  L"'"Pr  '^''"  8«^  °ffi<:«.  in  the  in- 
terwts  of  peace  and  order.  In  case,  too,  of  a  marauding 
party  be.ng  out  to  secure  slaves,  should  they  find  one  S  more 

bl  irfr^  'Th  t  ^  °^  ^•'"'J*"  "^''  ^"^'^  »  person  woufd 
2.JU  ♦?" '  "^  ^  incorporated  as  a  member  of  their  family ; 
wh^le  the  captives  of  other  crests  would  be  held  or  sold^ai 

hJJJl  !r*^"^  -^^  *^^  "'"*"'  '*  ""«  be  understood  that  I 
felcafLlf/'T  '^^  "•*'r«'  in  their  primitive  state.  The 
Met  akahtlans,  who  are  civilized,  while  retaining  their  crest  dis- 
tmclions,  and  upholding  the  good  and  salutary  reSutioni 
connected  therewith,  have  drop^  all  the  banefu7an?heathe" 
ish  malry,  with  which  the  clannish  system  wasintSly  ^S- 

Besides  this  intertribal  clan  division,  there  was  also 
what  may  for  want  of  a  better  word,  be  denominated  as  a 
Club  or  lodge  division  into  secret  social  fraternities. 

About  one-half  of  the  population  at  Port  Simpaon  be- 


THE  TOTEMS  AND  CLUBS 


longed  to  one  or  other  of  three  such  organizations.    Those 
who  did  not  were  called  '*  amget" 
The  names  of  the  three  clubs  were  : 

(1)  "  Weada-hahallied  "  or  the  cannibals. 

(2)  '•  Nukhlam,"  or  the  dog-eaters. 

(3)  "Mlklah,"  or  those  who  did  not  eat  at  all,  but 
only  practiced  dancing  and  singing. 

Only  members  of  the  Kitandoah  and  the  Kithrahtla 
tribes  were  eligible  for  membership  in  the  Cannibal 
Club,  but,  to  the  other  two,  membership  was  open  to  any 
member  of  any  tribe. 

The  initiation  of  new  members  into  these  orders  or 
clubs  was  carried  on  during  the  winter  mouths,  with  the 
most  disgusting  ceremonies,  and  mostly  in  the  open. 
But  if  any  one  came  upon  the  members  of  the  club  while 
engaged  in  their  secret  work  in  the  forest,  he  was  com- 
pelled to  become  a  member,  whether  he  wanted  to  or  not 

The  initiation  was  generally  under  the  direction  of 
some  old  and  experienced  medicine-man,  but  those  '*  who 
were  made  to  ride  the  goat "  were  young  men,  and  some- 
times boys,  who,  before  the  public  ceremonies,  had  to  pass 
several  days  and  nights  alone  in  the  forest,  where  they 
were  supposed  to  receive  supernatural  gifts,  enabling 
them  to  go  through  the  ordeal  awaiting  them. 

The  proceedings  in  the  different  clabs  partook  of  the 
same  general  character. 

I  will  let  Mr.  Duncan  speak : 

"  Early  in  the  morning  the  pupils  would  be  out  on  the  beach, 
or  on  the  rocks,  in  a  state  of  nudity.  Each  had  a  place  in 
front  of  his  own  tribe.  Nor  did  intense  cold  interfere  in  the 
slightest  degree.  After  the  poor  creature  had  crept  about, 
jerking  his  head  and  screaming  for  some  time,  a  party  of  men 
would  rush  out,  and,  after  surrounding  him,  commence  singing. 
The  dog-eating  party  occasionally  carried  a  dead  dog  to  their 
pupil,  who  forthwith  commenced  to  tear  it  in  the  most  dog-like 
manner.    The  party  of  attendants  kept  up  a  low,  growling 


t" 


f  1) 


■^'j 


I. 


i 


It 


I  ] 


lli 


;  i 


.  r 


90 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


nol«e,  or  «  'whoop,' which  they  ieconded  by  a  aoeechioff 
noue  made  on  «n  instniment,  which  they  believed  tobThf 
•bode  of  a  .pmt.  In  a  little  time,  the  naked  youth  would  surt 
up  again  and  proceed  a  few  more  yards  in  a  crouchiuR  p«ture 

OUck  hair.  All  the  while,  he  la  earnestly  watched  by  the  i.ouo 
.tout  h..„,  and  when  he  please,  to  sit  down,  they^  n  .«r^ 
round  him,  and  cojnmence  singing.  ThU  kind  of  thing  goes 
on.  with  «;veral  different  additions,  for  M>me  time.  Belore  Se 
prodigy  finally  retires,  he  takes  a  turn  into  every  house  belong, 
.ng  to  his  tribe,  and  is  followed  by  his  train.  ^  Wh«  ,hb  i. 
done.  Ill  some  cases  he  has  a  ramble  on  the  tops  of  the  same 
«S'^L?fT*  which  he  is  anxiously  vptched  by  his  attend- 
■nts,  as  If  they  expected  his  flight.  I ,  a;  i  by  he  condescends 
to  come  down,  and  they  then  follow  hiu.  <o  his  den?SSb 
marked  by  a  rope  made  of  red  bark,  hung  over  the  diorwav  so 
M  to  prevent  any  person  from  ignorantly  violating  its  precincts. 
None  are  allowed  to  enter  the  house  but  those  iunwted  wS 
me  art. 

»K.-i"  ^  know  therefore,  of  their  further  proceedings,  is  that 

houten"?  tie  daT  ''""""'"«'  ""«'"«  "*"**  "'«*'''"«  '^ 
''  Of  all  these  parties,  none  are  so  much  dreaded  as  the  canni- 
bals.  One  morning  I  saw  from  the  gallery  hundreds  of  Tsimshe- 
^  VI  "^ '"  T*"*""  "V^'  *''**■'''  ^^^y  *>*<*  i"«  pushed  away  from 
IxST"'?  •-,  ^  *"  ^"l*^  '•'**  *•'«  cannibal  party  was  in  sevch  of 
a  body  to  devour,  and  if  they  failed  to  find  a  dead  body,  it  was 

JSr  i^'rSf^-r.?'*  *'*^  •f-^f'"*  ""'"8°"*=  '»'«  <="»«'"  th«r 
way,  so  that  all  the  people  living  near  to  the  cannibal's  house. 

had  taken  to  their  canoes  to  escape  being  torn  to  pieces.  , 

The  cannibal,  when  about  to  go  through  the  rites  of  initia- 

toon.  IS  generally  supplied  with  one  or  more  human  bodies,  which 

he  tears  to  pieces  with  his  teeth,  before  his  audience.     Several 

fKm  t«  Hrl  ^71!  ''"^•''°'  "  1  •  *=''"™'  P««»»  »heir  arms 
for  him  to  bite.   I  have  seen  several  who  have  been  thus  bitten." 

It  has  been  claimed  that  the  cannibals  at  these  rites 
actually  devoured  human  bodies,  and  the  dogeatera  the 
flesh  of  dogs.  Mr.  Duncan  himself  once  believed  that 
they  did  so.  But  I  am  happy  to  be  able  to  say  that  a 
wonmgh  investigation,  and  a  most  searching  GnM»«suBi. 


THE  TOTEMS  AND  CLUBS  91 

nation  of  several  THimsheaus,  who  have  themselves,  in 
their  youth,  Velonged  to  the  dog-eating  dab  (there  are 
no  former  members  of  the  cannibal  club  at  Metlakahtia 
now  liviug),  has  couvinoed  me  that  these  Indians  aro  en- 
titled to  be  acquitted  of  this  heinous  charge. 

Thiy  never,— of  thU  I  feel  certain,— did  eat  either  hu- 
man flesh  or  dog  meat  It  is  perhaps  bad  enough  that 
they  even  pretended  t»  do  so.  With  their  teeth  they  tore 
the  flesh  from  the  bones,  acted  as  if  they  chewed  it,  and 
pretended  to  swaUow  it,  but  they  invariably  got  rid  of  it, 
after  having  kept  it  in  the  mouth  for  a  while.  This  was 
well  known  to  the  crowd  that  surrounded  the  novice,  and 
who,  with  their  bodies,  hid  him  from  view  when  he 
spewed  out  and  got  rid  of  the  flesh  in  his  mouth,  so  that 
the  uninitiated  among  the  people  did  not  see  that,  and, 
therefore,  honestly  believed  that  he  actuaUy  ate  human 
flesh  or  raw  dog-meat,  as  the  case  might  be. 

On  other  occasions,  they  had  deer-meat,  which  they,  Iw 
some  trick  or  sleight  of  hand  performance,  substitnted  for 
the  human  flesh  just  before  the  critical  moment 

The  object  of  the  rites  of  both  of  these  dubs  was,  of 
course,  to  fill  the  people  with  twtor  at  their  pretended 
ferocity. 

All  of  this  club  work,  as  well  as  the  medicine  work 
mentioned  in  the  next  chapter,  was  oaUed  by  the  Indians 
"hallied." 

The  greater  portion  of  the  membership  of  these  dubs 
was  made  up  of  men  and  boys,  approaching  maturity, 
bat  there  were  also  a  few  female  members  in  each  dub. 


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XII 

THE  MEDICINE-MEN 

THE  "Shoo-wanah," « the  l^imahean  name  for  • 
medicine-man  (not  "  shaman  "  as  it  is  ftequenUy 
erroneously  given),  was  a  most  important  chanw- 
tor  in  the  Tsimshean,  as  in  eveiy  other  Indian  community. 
He  was  not,  in  a  strict  sense,  the  doctor  of  the  tribe.  The 
use  of  herbs,  both  as  potions  and  as  applications  for 
wounds  and  swellings,  was  wholly  in  the  hands  of  some 
wise  old  women.  They  were  especially  successf'il  in  the 
treatment  of  wounds,  and  that  in  spite  of  the  lact  that 
their  surgery  was  not  very  antiseptic. 

The  "Shoo-vansh"  was  generally  called  in  to  heal 
only  when  someone  got  sick  without  any  readily  exptoin- 
able  cause  for  it,  and  when,  therefore,  the  lively  Indiar 
imagination  was  prone  to  suspect  that  a  person  had  be- 
witched  the  party.  For  the  "  Shoo-wansh  "  was  an  exor- 
cisor,  and  able  to  drive  out  the  evil  spirits  that  had  taken 
possession  of  the  poor  suffering  body. 

He  then  came  with  his  rattle,  and  rattled  over  the  sick 
man,  *.  had  to  be  wholly  naked  during  the  perform- 
ance, so  that  the  evil  spirits  should  not  be  able  to  hide  in 
his  clothes,  but  get  away  readily.  There  he  would  work 
away,  rattle  for  dear  life,  dance  about  with  wild  gesticu- 
hitions,  blow  in  the  patient's  mouth  and  nostrils,  pound 
and  knead  his  body,  chant,  swing  to  and  fro,  froth  at  the 
mouth,  and  shout  and  shriek,  till  the  patient  said  he  was 


■  The  Utenl  tnuulstion  of  thia  w<nd  ia : 
92 


"11m  Uoww.i 


S 


I 
I 


THE  MEDICINE-MEN  93 

better,  when  tbe  medicineman,  with  great  earaestnefls 
aud  show,  replaced  in  the  body  his  "aonl,"  which  he 
claimed  to  have  caught  in  the  act  of  leaving  it,  and  to 
have  incarcerated  in  a  litUe  hollow  bone  tube,  which  the 
medicme-men  invariably  carried  on  a  string  aronnd 
the  neck.  They  daimed  to  be  able  to  see  peoples'  souls 
travelling  about  in  the  open  air,  in  the  shape  of  flies, 
with  long,  sharp  bills,  and  often  wei«  observed,  when  walk- 
ing  about,  to  grab  for  something,  and  solemnly  put  it 
away  in  this  hollow  bone,  carefully  closing  the  cover. 
That  was  some  one's  soul  that  they  had  caught  and  im- 
prisoned, and  the  unfortunate  person  now  had  to  pay  a 
good  price  to  get  his  poor  wandering  soul  back  again. 

If  the  medicineman  did  not  do  a  first-class  job,  he  had 
to  return  the  blankets,  or  other  price  he  had  received  for 
his  services.  Sometimes  he  might  praise  his  luck  if  he 
did  not  have  to  give  up  his  life,  if  the  patient  died. 

Generally,  when  the  case  was  a  serious  one,  his  ezcose 
was  that  some  one  had  bewitehed  the  party.  If  he  gave 
the  name  of  that  person,  he  cleared  his  own  skirts.  It 
was  generally  some  man  of  small  importance,  a  poor  de- 
orepit  old  woman,  or  a  sUve,  who  was  thus  denounced  as 
exercising  the  power  of  the  "evil  eye." 

The  following  story,  told  me  by  Mr.  Duncan,  will  give 
an  idea  of  the  modua  operandi  in  such  a  case : 

"The  old  chief  of  the  Kitiahns,  NeyahshhAahnoosh,' 
was  sick  in  bed  for  a  long  time  with  an  extremely  ma- 
lignant  carbuncle.  He  sent  for  a  medicine-man  of  the 
Tsimdieans,  but  received  no  help.  TheitJ  was  then  a 
medicineman  of  great  renown  among  the Thlingits,  at 
Tongas,  called  Neyahshot.  He  was  sent  for,  and  came. 
He  rattled  over  the  old  chief  for  a  long  time,  but  no  im- 
provement  was  perceived.  He  finally,  as  usual,  suggested 
that  the  chief  had  been  bewitched.    Some  one  had  got 


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THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


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hold  of  aoine  of  his  clothing,  and  had  buried  it  with  a 
corpae  at  a  graveyard  fiw  away.  If  it  did  nut  get  away 
fh>m  the  grave,  the  old  man  would  die. 

"  What  they  most  do  was  to  get  the  clothes  away  from 
the  grave  at  once,  and  then  kill  the  soroeiw.  Some  one 
was  immediately  despatehed  for  the  clothes.  He  came 
back  with  something,  which  the  old  chief  recognized  as 
having  belonged  to  him.  It  was  all  a  case  of  make-be- 
lieve. The  messenger  never  had  been  near  either  a  grave 
or  a  corpse.  He  was  simply  in  league  with  the  medicine- 
man.  Upon  his  retnm,  the  medicine-man  whisperad 
solemnly  in  the  chiefs  ear : 

"  *  Nishaes  is  the  man  who  has  brought  this  u  n  yon. 
You  must  kill  him  if  you  wish  to  get  well.' 

"Nishaes  was  a  weak  old  man,  who  trembled  on  the 
verge  of  the  grave.  He  did  not  belong  to  the  Kitlahn 
tribe,  but  lived  a  quarter  of  a  mile  up  the  beach.  He 
was  sent  for,  and  came,  as  the  Indians  always  do,  without 
asking  the  why  or  the  wherefore. 

"  When  he  came  in,  food  was  of  course  set  before  him. 
While  he  was  eating,  the  chief  was  lying  in  bed  with  a 
loaded  pistol  in  his  hand  under  the  blanket,  fUly  deter- 
mined to  shoot  and  kill  him  as  soon  as  he  had  finished 
his  meal. 

"  One  of  the  chiefs  counsellors »  whispered  to  him : 
"  'Don't  kiU  l^ishaes.    Don't  kill  him.    Ask  him  to 
pity  you.' 

"  The  chief  dropped  the  pistol,  and  addressed  him : 
Nishaes,  have  pity  on  me.    Have  mercy  on  me. 
Save  me!' 

"  *  What  do  you  mean  f 

"'Save  me  I' 

" '  I  don't  understand  you.' 


THE  MEDICINE-MEN 


<«<Toa  have  sent  this  diflettwopoD  me.  Pity  me.  S»ve 
me  !    Have  mercy  on  me  I    I  have  suffered  to  much.' 

"  *  You  are  mistaken.  I  have  nothing  against  yon.  I 
never  had.' 

"  *  Yes,  you  have.    You  have  done  it,  but  now  pity  me.' 

"  'It  is  a  great  big  Ue  I '  and,  in  a  huff,  the  old  man 
left  the  house." 

The  old  chief  got  well,  and,  after  he  was  converted  to 
Christianity,  he  often  told  Mr.  Duncan  that  he  was  very 
glad  he  had  not  killed  the  old  man.    He  would  say : 

"I  know  it  well.  The  medicine-men  are  all  liars. 
How  awfW  it  would  have  been  if  I  had  murdered  the  poor 
old  man,  and  should  have  had  that  on  my  conscience  now." 

In  order  to  obtain  his  commission,  as  a  «  blower,"  the 
medicine-man  or  woman,  for  there  were  some  medicine- 
women  also,  had  to  show  some  miraculous  power.  This 
they  always  managed  to  do  by  some  trick  or  deceit 

An  old  medicine-woman,  after  her  conversion,  showed 
Mr.  Duncan  how  she  had  convinced  the  people  of  her 
power  to  perform  a  miracle.  She  had  a  nice  little  round, 
green  stone,  which  had  been  picked  up  on  the  beach. 
Producing  a  vessel  filled  with  water,  she  asked  the  peo- 
ple present  if  they  could  get  her  little  green  stone  to  float 
in  the  water.  They  all  tried,  but  for  every  one  of  them 
it  sank,  of  course.  Then  she  took  the  vessel,  and,  lo ! 
there  the  stone  floated  all  right  enough. 

That  was  sufficient  to  show  her  supernatural  power. 
But,  how  was  it  done  »  Simply  enough.  She  had  a  twin 
sister  to  the  stone,  made  of  wood,  and  in  taking  hold  of 
the  vessel,  she  clandestinely  substituted  that  for  the  stone. 
That  was  all. 

A  &vourite  way  of  showing  supernatural  power,  was 
to  kill  some  one,  and  restore  them  to  life  again. 

One  medicine-man  showed  his  power  by  one  evening 
cutting  off  the  chiefs  head.    The  head  rolled  to  the  floor, 


M 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


Ill 

't 


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•nd  while  the  blood  waa  aqairting  hither  and  thither,  it 
jumped  from  one  end  of  the  room  to  the  other.  In  fact, 
it  waa  a  moat  lively  head,  and  it  ia  no  wonder  that  Ihe 
Indiana  preaent  **died."  But,  atiU  greater  waa  their 
amazement,  when  the  medicine-man  put  the  head  back 
again  on  the  body,  which  had  rolled  over  on  to  ita  side, 
and,  after  fombliug  with  it  for  a  while,  smearing  the  cat 
with  some  health-restoring  salve  and  greaae,  exhibited 
the  chief  in  his  normal  condition,  speaking,  langhing, 
and  dancing,  as  if  he  had  never  "  lost  his  head  "  at  all. 

The  miracle  is  explained  easily  enough,  when  it  is  con- 
sidered that  the  chief  waa  an  accomplice. 

There  was  a  false  head  put  above  his  own,  which  hitter 
was  concealed  by  his  blanket  By  operating  a  set  of 
strings,  the  false  head,  which  was  provided  with  bags 
containing  blood,  was  made  to  jump  around  the  floor. 
When  the  false  head  was  pretended  to  be  put  back  again, 
it  waa  in  reality  hidden  in  the  folds  of  the  blanket,  while 
the  chiefs  real  head  made  its  appearance  and  conunenoed 
to  talk. 

Another  medicine-man  had  a  big  box,  in  which  he  pnt 
water,  and  then  dropped  in  red  hot  stones,  so  as  to  make 
the  water  boil,  after  he  had  put  the  lid  on  again.  When 
it  was  boiling,  he  opened  the  box  and  the  steam  poured 
out.  He  then  lifted  up  the  chief,  and  threw  him  into  the 
box,  and  pnt  the  lid  on  again.  The  people  heard  the 
chiefs  voice  inside  the  box,  crying  with  pain,  first  very 
strongly,  and  then  a  little  weaker,  and  still  weaker,  till 
you  could  hardly  hear  it  at  all.  Then  it  ceased  altogether. 
The  medicine-man  now  waited  quite  a  while,  so  that  the 
chief  would  be  boiled  very  thoroughly.  Then  he  started 
to  open  the  lid,  when,  suddenly,  the  chiel  s  voice  was 
heard,  very  strongly  and  distinctly,  coming  from  the 
forest,  away  back  of  the  house.  When  the  box  was 
opened,  there  was  no  chief  there,  but  a  great  mass  of 


THE  MEDICINE-MEN 


97 


eagle's  fsAthen,  which  the  medicine-man  scattered  around 
the  hooae.  Kor  was  there  any  water  or  atouea  in  th«  box 
anymore. 

In  two  or  three  minntea,  the  chief  came  in  through  the 
door,  and  did  not  look  as  if  he  had  been  parboiled  at  all. 

The  secret  is  readily  explained.  There  was  a  false 
bottom  in  the  box,  one  end  of  which  stood  up  against 
the  edge  of  the  platform.  This  end  of  the  box  was  open, 
or  had  a  trap-door,  so  the  chief,  after  having  spoken 
inside,  until  it  was  about  time  for  him  to  die,  could  crawl 
out  of  the  box  through  this  opening,  and  then  under  the 
platform  into  the  open. 

It  is  said  that  every  prominent  fiuuily  in  the  different 
tribes  had  its  own  trick,  which  was  its  secret,  known 
only  to  the  chief  and  his  counsellors.  It  was  part  of  the 
official  business  of  the  httter  to  instruct  the  new  chief  in 
the  secrets  of  the  fiunily. 

The  awe  in  which  the  medicine-men  were  held,  by  the 
common  people,  was  very  remarkable.  When  Mr.  Dun- 
can, after  he  had  commenced  to  get  a  foUowing,  ridiculed 
the  medicine-men  and  their  practices,  his  adherents 
b^Sged  of  him  to  be  carefhl  and  not  to  aggravate  them. 
And  when  he  laughed  at  this,  they  used  to  say . 

"  Oh,  it  is  because  you  don't  know,— 3-ou  don't  know." 

Again  and  again  they  would  beg  of  him  not  to  put 
himself  in  their  power : 

"  When  you  cut  your  hair,  be  sure  to  bum  it  all  up,  so 
they  will  not  get  hold  of  any  of  it,  and  bewitch  you." 

Again: 

"  When  you  spit,  don't  spit  on  the  ground.  You  must 
spit  up  in  the  air.  If  they  find  some  of  your  spittle,  they 
will  make  you  sick,  and  you  wiU  die.  Oh,  you  don't 
know." 

Mr.  Duncan,  in  order  to  show  them  that  he  was  not 
afraid,  told  them  that  the  next  time  he  cut  his  hair,  he 


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THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


would  Mod  •  look  of  it  to  OToy  medioiDo-own  in  tho 
ouap,  M)  that  they  ooald  bftve  some  to  work  on. 

Hit  friends  were  awestmok  at  hi*  reckleflUMM,  and 
ooald  not  be  pennaded  bat  that  he  took  very  mrloxu 
riaka. 

One  medicine-man  did  get  hold  of  an  old  paper  collar, 
which  had  belonged  to  Mr.  Dnncan.  He  placed  it  np  in 
a  tree,  and  aaed  to  go  around  the  tree  two  or  three  timet 
a  day,  exercising  his  rattle  upon  it,  in  order  to  send  a 
throat-trouble  upon  Mr.  Duncan. 

As  Mr.  Duncan  sulTers  from  a  dry,  hacking  cough,  due 
to  some  chronic  trouble  in  the  bronchial  tubes,  I  sug- 
gested thai  this  medicine-man's  notions  might  perhapa 
explain  this  chronic  throat-trouble. 

With  a  merry  twinkle  in  his  eyes,  Mr.  Duncan  an- 
swered: 

"So  it  might,  yes,  only  for  the  fact  that  I  suffered 
ftom  that  trouble  long  before  be  gol  hold  of  my  old  paper 
collar." 

It  is  surprising  to  see  what  a  hold  the  influence  of 
these  medicine-men  has  taken  on  the  Tsimshean  people. 
One  of  the  most  intelligent  of  the  Metlakahtla  Indians, 
who  was  converted  in  his  early  youth,  and,  therefore,  got 
away  from  their  heathenish  influences  before  they  could 
have  had  a  chance  to  take  very  deep  root  in  him,  told 
me  the  following  story,  with  all  evidences  of  belief  in  the 
supernatural  powers  of  the  medicinemen.  In  fact,  he 
stated  that  he  did  not  know  what  to  believe,  but  that  he 
knew  for  certain  that  what  he  told  me  was  the  truth : 

"Once,  my  uncle,  who  was  a  great  sea-otter  hunter," 
he  said,  "had  gone  on  a  hunting  trip,  with  four  men,  in 
his  canoe.  While  he  was  gone,  there  came  up  an  awftal 
storm,  and  great  big  waves.  He  was  gone  many  weeks. 
When  he  did  not  come  back,  our  people  thought  he  was 
drowned.    They  went  to  the  medicine-man.    He  danced. 


THE  MEDICINE-MEN  •§ 

Tbn  he  told  UMm  to  take  »  eUck  of  wood  Mid  go  down 
to  the  beMh,~<it  wm  then  low  tide)-wid  to  pot  it  in 
the  groond,  where  he  told  them  to.    They  did  ao. 

"'Farther,' he  cried. 

"Again:   'Farther.' 

"  Finally  he  ihooted :  '  Now,  then— pat  it  down.  Hit 
it  hard,  ao  it  wUl  aUy  there.' 

"When  done,  hewid: 

" '  When  the  tide  comes  to  that  point  the  men  will  all 
oome  book  again.' 

*  •  The  people  langhed.  Thoy  were  rare  they  were  dead 
long  ago.  Bat,  nevertheleae,  though  they  did  not  believe 
in  it,  they  waited  for  the  tide  and  watched  anzioosly ; 
and,  lo  and  behola— Joat  at  the  tide  reached  the  stick  on 
the  beach,  a  canoe  came  aroand  the  point,  and  all  the 
fire  men  were  in  it.  They  had  had  no  food  for  many 
days,  and  were  almost  starved.  The  people  gave  them 
food,  and  they  all  came  out  all  right" 

That  the  TSimsheans  are  open  to  reason  in  other  mat- 
ters, and  do  not  simply  accept  all  that  they  hear,  even  if 
it  has  the  sanction  of  age  and  tradition,  appears  ftom 
the  following  experience  of  Mr.  Dnncan,  and  is  given  to 
show  that  when  faith  in  the  rapernatural  power  of  the 
medicine-men  still  clings  to  them,  to  some  extent,  it  must 
be  dne  to  a  most  extraordinary  devemeas  on  the  part  of 
these  deceivers : 

Ooming  down  Nass  Biver,  Mr.  Dnncan  was  invited  by 
an  Indian  chief  to  go  and  see  in  the  forest  a  village  which 
their  ancestors  had  inhabited.  It  was  a  very  long  Jour- 
ney, but  they  finally  came  to  a  beautiful  spot,  a  basin 
with  high  mountains  all  around,  except  where  the  traU 
to  the  river  went    The  chief  told  him  : 

"  Where  you  now  stand,  our  old  chief's  house  once 
stood.  I  would  like  to  tell  you  what  our  old  people  say, 
and  find  out  if  it  is  true.    They  say  that  the  chiefs  sou, 


I 

It 


31 1  ^ 


11 


i  / 


i   > 


I'.       ' 


'■* 


100 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


a  little  child,  one  night  cried  for  water.  The  mother  was 
lazy,  and  would  not  get  up  and  get  it  for  him.  The  moon 
then  came  down  into  the  room,  and  aakea  the  boy  why 
he  cried.  He  then  told  the  boy  to  come  with  him :  'I 
will  give  you  what  yon  want' 

"The  boy  took  his  hand,  and  he  took  him  with  him 
into  the  heaven&  The  next  morning  there  was  a  gteat 
cry  when  it  was  found  that  the  boy  was  gone.  They 
hunted  everywhere  for  him.  The  next  night  they  saw 
him  in  the  moon,  with  his  little  basket  in  his  hand. 
What  do  you  think  of  itt  Do  you  think  it  is  true  that 
the  boy  could  get  up  there  t " 

Mr.  Duncan  would  not  say  that  it  was  false.  He  knew 
too  much  for  that  He  pointed  up  to  the  mountain-top^ 
and  to  the  pines  up  there,  and  said  to  the  chief : 

"  Those  big  pines  up  there  are  150  feet  high,  and  they 
look  like  little  plants.  N>w,  do  you  think  that  you 
could  see  a  little  boy  up  there,  and,  mor«  especially,  see 
hisbasketf" 

"  Oh,  no,  yon  could  not  see  him  at  all." 

"  Well,  then,  how  do  you  think  you  could  see  a  boy, 
and  espedaUy  his  basket,  in  the  moon,  which  is  many 
thousand  miles  further  off  than  yonder  mountain-top  t" 

"Well,  how  our  old  folks  could  lie,  could  they  notf  *' 

That  would  do  for  him  to  say ;  not  for  Mr.  Duncan. 


XIII 

THE  REUGION  OF  THE  TSIMSHEANS 

WHENEVER  a  Tsimshean  saw  a  phenomenon 
in  nature,  as  a  precipice,  a  tidal  wave,  etc., 
he  considered  it  a  spirit,  a  god,  and  sacri- 
ficed a  piece  of  salmon,  or  something,  to  propitiate  the 
spirit 

Bat  these  were  only  sab-deities.  He  recognized  the 
Great  Spirit  above  them  all,  a  good  Spirit,  the  "  Heavenly 
Chief." 

His  name  for  Heavenly  Chief  was  "Shimanget  Lahaga," 
the  first  word  being  the  word  nsed  for  "  chief"  generally, 
as  chief  of  a  tribe ;  and  "  Lahaga"  meaning,  literally, 
"above." 

I  cannot  find  any  l^;end  distinctly  attributing  to  this 
Heavenly  Chief  eitiier  the  creation  of  the  world,  or  of 
man,  except  as  £u>  as  the  idea  can  be  made  ont  firom  the 
following  two  legends. 

The  first  one,  related  to  me  by  John  Tait,  a  very  in- 
telligent and  lovable  Tsimshean  Indian  of  Metlakahtla, 
who  in  his  youth  belonged  to  the  dog-eating  dub,  really 
has  more  to  do  with  earthquakes,  and  the  primitive  In- 
dian idea  of  what  causes  this  natural  phenomenon ;  but 
curtly  recites  the  creation  of  the  earth  by  the  Heavenly 
Chief,  as  if  it  were  a  well-known  and  established  fact. 
The  moral  certainty  with  which  the  once  much-mooted 
question  of  the  earth  being  flat  is  established  is  amusing. 

Mr.  Tait's  story  is  : 

"  The  Heavenly  Chief  built  the  earth.    It  was  round, 

101 


ii 


,   • 


i'  i 


:o 


ill:  I 


.11 


'III 


I 


L'l 


I 


M 


It 
I 

tr 


102 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


bat  flat  He  had  big  piles  at  aU  the  comers  of  the  earth, 
on  which  it  rested,  as  a  hoose  does ;  bat,  after  a  while, 
the  piles  got  rotten.  The  Heavenly  Chief  had  a  big,  ftl 
slave.  He  tells  him  to  pat  in  new  comer  piles  under  the 
earth,  so  that  it  shaU  not  foU  down.  He  was  very  strong 
-this  slave.  He  goes  and  gets  new  piles ;  then  he  strikes 
With  his  big,  heavy  hammer  on  one  of  the  old  piles,  to  get 
it  oat  of  the  way,  and  he  strikes  so  hard  that  the  earth 
trembles.    That  is  how  the  earthquake  comes. " 

The  other  legend  has  reference  to  the  creation  of  man. 
and  rons  as  follows : 

''^I'f  ?«*^«°^y  <^»«f  once  said,  whoever  can  first  get 
a  child,  the  rock  over  there,  or  that  elderberry  bush,  of 
that  child  shall  man  be.  /    u«u,  oi 

"  The  rock  was  a  little  slow,  so  the  elderberry  bush  be- 
came first  with  chUd.  Therefore,  man  is  weak  and  sickly, 
and  dies.  If  the  rock  had  come  first,  man  would  have 
been  like  the  rocks,  which  nothing  can  destroy." 

Mr  Duncan  says  that,  at  Nass  Biver,  an  Indian  showed 
him  the  rock  that  tried,  but  failed,  in  the  race. 

They  evidentiy  believed  that  the  Heavenly  Chief  was 
immortal,  that  he  observed  all  that  was  going  on  among 
men,  and  that  he  fi^uently  was  angry,  and  punished 
those  who  were  bad. 

They  had  very  remarkable  and  advanced  ideas  about 
prayers,  as  will  be  apparent  from  the  following,  told  me 
by  Edward  K.  Mather,  a  prominent  MetlakahUa  Indian  : 
Long  before  Mr.  Duncan  came,  our  people  knew  and 
spoke  of  the  Heavenly  Chief.  Before  sitting  down  to 
™#.®!^  *?* /**«'  o^  ^e  fi«nUy  always  took  a  small  piece 
of^  the  food,  and,  putting  it  on  the  fire,  bumed  it,  and 

" '  For  thee,  oh,  Heavenly  Chief,  the  first' 
My  grandfiither  used  to  tell  me,  if  I  wanted  any- 
thing very  badly,  if  I  desired  success,  or  anything  like 


if 


THE  llELIGION  OF  THE  TSIMSHEANS    103 


that,  or  if  I  was  8ick  and  wanted  to  get  well,  to  go  alone 
oat  into  the  forest  and  speak  to  the  Heavenly  Chief  about 
it. 

"  He  said  I  must  be  low  in  spirit,  poor  in  heart,  humble 
and  meek,  and  look  up  and  ask  the  Heavenly  Chief,  and 
I  would  get  what  I  asked  him  for." 

Sometimes,  when  calamities  were  prolonged  or  thick- 
ened, tbey  became  enraged  against  the  Heavenly  Chief, 
and  vented  their  anger  against  him,  raising  their  eyes  and 
hands  in  savage  wrath  to  heaven,  stamping  their  feet,  and 
saying  to  him : 

"  You  are  a  great  slave  1 " 

This  is  the  strongest  term  of  reproach  their  language  ha& 

It  may  be  here  noted  that  the  Tsimshean  language  has 
no  expression  for  any  kind  of  an  oath.  When  the  Tsim- 
shean wants  to  swear,  he  must  have  recourse  to  the  Eng- 
lish language. 

Like  almost  every  people  on  the  footstool,  they  have 
several  interesting  legends  about  the  great  flood. 

Besides  the  one  already  given,  I  record  the  following, 
told  me  by  Mrs.  Lucy  A.  Booth,  of  Metlakahtla,  as  it  is 
somewhat  different  from  the  one  recited  by  Mr.  Duncan, 
given  in  another  chapter : 

"A  long  time  ago  the  Tsimshean  people  lived  faraway 
from  here,  and  the  people  were  very  bad.  The  Heavenly 
Chief  did  not  like  them,  and  told  them  to  be  good,  but 
they  did  not  care.  Then  he  got  angry,  and  he  sent  a  big 
tide,  bigger  than  ever  had  been  before,  and  it  rained 
heavily,  so  much,  indeed,  that  the  people  got  their 
canoes  out,  and  the  tide  came  up  high,  so  that  all  the 
mountains  were  under  water,  except  a  big  mountain  peak 
near  Wrangel.*    And  there  came  a  big  storm,  and  all  the 

*  This  probably  refers  to  a  monntain  peak  not  far  from  Wrangel,  in 
Soatheaatern  Alaska,  called  "The  Deril's  Tbnmb,"  and  aaid  to  be 
•boat  9,000  feet  high. 


t 


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'I'i 


104  THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

little  ^oes  were  swamped,  only  the  big  oneB  got  through. 

WH^^^f '^r^P'^^^'P**^-  AndwhenitcSSi 
tow  tide  again,  the  Tsimaheana  could  not  find  their  way 
Dack,  so  they  came  south  to  Kaas  River  " 

'^ey  had  a  distinct  idea  of  a  life  ifter  this.    Their 
woM  for  "die"  is  "sever"  or  "part"-the^e^rt 

ahi.  7  ^.^®  ^^  ^**'  ^'^^^  "^^^  tiU  a»ey  should  be 
tw«  flf°^  ^^  for  themselves  in  tte  spirit  land.  BuJ 
thw  food  was  burned  in  front  of  the  dead,  so  as  toriva 
spirit-food  to  the  spirit  '  **  "*  '«  ^^ 

<SaI^'T'^  ^^^  ""^^  *  P^^  ^«  about  to  die,  he 
could  see  the  great  chiefs  who  had  departed  beforo  him! 

Even  to  the  present  day  Mr.  Duncan  well  knows  what 
they  mean,  when  they  come  to  teU  him  that  a  sick  uer- 

T  *w  l*f"  80'^ebody."  This  is,  to  them,  proof  pS- 
tive  that  he  is  dying.  »*»""*  i>vBi 

When,  at  an  early  day,  Mr.  Duncan  asked  them  if  thev 
had  any  proof  that  the  dead  still  lived,  they  told  Aim  the 
ftJJowujg  "true"  story  of  "The  man  witt  the  wooded 

"At  old  MetlakahtlaUved  a  childless  couple.  They 
loved  each  other  very  much,  and  were  always  togeth<»^ 
whenever  they  could  be.  Everybody  spoke  of  how  much 
Uiey  lov^  each  other.  Once  the  man  went  out  on  a 
hunting  trip.  He  had  been  gone  only  threeorfourdays, 
and  when  he  ^e  back  it  was  night,  and  dark.    He  saw 

I  J^^  *'  *^l  '****^'*  ^°°«'  a°d  ^«^  ^^^  ^^  be 
I  ^  f  ^-  .^°'  ^*  ^  *o°««>"^«  fo'  bis  wife,  so  he 
steered  for  the  beach  in  front  of  his  own  house. 

AftOT  puUingthecanoeup,  he  went  into  the  house.    It 
was  dark  but  at  the  fireplace  he  saw  his  wife,  sitting  on 
abox.    He  spoke  to  her,  but  she  did  not  M«wer  him 
When  he  went  up  to  the  firepU»ee,  she  turned  her  fiS^ 


I  If 


w 


THE  REUGION  OP  THE  T8IMSHEANS    106 

away  from  him,  and,  when  he  spoke  to  her  again,  she 
atill  did  not  answer, 


"Hethenfelt^ 


'badly, 


. ,  I  he  understood  that  his  wife 
mnst  have  done  something  wrong,  as  she  dared  not  speak. 
So  he  went  ont  again,  poshed  his  canoe  into  the  water, 
and  paddled  abont  five  or  six  miles,  when  he  landed  and 
camped  for  the  night  But  his  heart  was  heavy,  and  he 
did  not  sleep. 

<*  The  next  morning,  in  paddling  back  to  the  vilUge,  he 
met  a  canoe  coming  from  there.  As  is  the  onstom  of  the 
people,  he  stopped,  and  asked  them  for  news.  They  told 
him  that  his  wife  was  dead,  and  that  she  had  been  cre- 
mated oatside  the  chief's  house  the  night  before. 

"  He  was  very  sad,  for  then  he  knew  that  it  was  his 
wife's  spirit  he  had  seen  the  night  before,  and  not  her- 
self, as  she  was  then  dead. 

"  After  that  he  always  lived  alone,  and  never  married 
again,  thongh  he  was  a  yonng  man. 

"  After  a  while  he  got  a  block  of  wood,  and  carved  oat 
of  it  an  image  of  his  wife,  sitting  down  on  the  box  as  he 
saw  her  that  night,  and  everybody  said  it  was  an  exact 
likeness  of  her  face  and  fignre. 

"  This  wooden  woman  he  kept  with  him  in  his  house, 
and  also  took  her  with  him  in  his  canoe  wherever  he 
went" 

The  Tsimsheans  had  very  pronounced  ideas  of  reincar- 
nation, and  of  what  might  be  called  sonltransmigration. 

Numerous  legends  go  to  substantiate  this  claim.  One 
is  to  the  eflFect  that  a  woman  had  a  relative  who  was  shot 
in  the  breast  in  a  fight  Shortly  after,  she  gave  birth  to 
a  son  with  a  red  spot  on  his  breast  at  the  identical  place 
where  the  relative  had  been  shot  She  and  her  people 
were  positive  that  the  old  man  had  come  back  to  life 
again  in  that  baby  boy. 

Another  woman  had  an  uncle  who  died.    Soon  after 


I 


i^ 


106 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


she  gave  birth  to  a  boy  with  a  peciUiar  mark  on  hia 
thumb,  like  one  which  the  nucle  had. 

Sebassah,  a  Tslmshean  chief,  had  a  brother  killed  in  a 
fight  by  a  blow  from  a  speai-,  which  tore  the  flesh  from 
his  shoulder.  His  niece  shortly  afterwards  dnamed  that 
she  saw  her  uncle,  aud  soon  alter  gave  birth  to  a  boy. 
who  had  a  mark  ou  his  arm  like  a  wound,  in  the  same 
place  where  her  uncle  was  fatally  hurt 

But  a  more  remarkable  story  is  this : 

"The  Tsimsheans  once  made  a  raid  on  a  village  up 
Skeem*  River,  and  killed  all  the  inhabitants.  OnlTone 
man  escaped.  He  ran  up  into  the  mountains,  and  was 
making  his  way  to  a  neighbouring  village,  to  tell  of  the 
fate  of  his  friends,  when  he  came  to  a  clear  lake  on  the 
top  of  the  mountain.  Being  thirsty,  he  took  a  drink, 
and  at  once  became  unconscious. 

"The  next  thing  he  knew  he  was  lying  on  his  mother's 
lap,  a  little  baby.  He  could  not  talk  at  all,  but  he  re- 
membered weU  about  the  fight,  and  about  his  running 
away.  * 

"It  WHS  then  found  out  in  some  way  that  he  really  was 
the  first  man  slain  in  the  fight.  In  order  to  test  whether 
he  really  was  that  man,  he,  when  he  grew  up,  went  to 
dig  m  a  place  where  he  remembered  to  have  buried  some 
gftmbling  tools  shortly  before  the  fight,  and,  right  enough, 
there  he  found  them,  just  where  he  had  hidden  them." 

They  also  have  a  c?isr  idea  of  a  future  punishment 
They  think  that  a  bad  man  is  punished  by  getting  food 
which  18  out  of  seasou-for  instance,  salmon,  after  the 
proper  season,  which  no  Tslmshean  will  eat  when  he  has 
his  choice. 

*  I?®,  '^f  ^'^^^^^  worships  the  moon.    When  it  comes 
forth  m  the  night,  he  holds  up  his  hand,  and  says : 

Alio  quathleay  "  ("we  can  see  you  walking,"  or 
"  you  walk  in  our  night  "). 


THE  RELIGION  OF  THE  TSmSHEANS    107 

Mr.  Dancan  telUi  how  he  onoe  witoeased  an  eDactment 
of  the  moon's  phases : 

••  One  night—it  was  a  dark  and  cloudy  one,— as  the  tide  was 
at  ito  lowest,  one  of  the  clubs  of  the  '  HaUied '  congregated  in 
a  house,  and  rushed  to  the  shore  with  a  great  noise.  (Their 
noises  are  never  yelling  only,  but  something  different  for  differ- 
ent things,  like  college  yells.)  I  was  out  on  the  gallery  of  the 
fort,  and  saw  the  shadows  moving.     Then  appeared  on  the 

shore,  some  distance  from  the  gathering,  a  moon, at  first,  it 

was  at  the  quarter,  then  it  waxed  larger  until  it  was  half,  then 
three-quarters,  and  then  full.     Then  a  man  appeared  in  it 

"  I  think  that  it  was  made  of  thin  deer  skin,  like  parchment, 
with  a  light  inside. 

"  The  moon  then  pretended  to  move  down  towards  the 
crowd.  At  this  all  the  Indians  commenced  to  cackle.  It 
sounded  like  the  yelping  of  a  pack  of  wolves.  All  at  once, 
the  man  in  the  moon  answered  them,  I  thought.  Then  the 
moon  waned,  and  finally  disappeared  altogether,  and  the  In- 
dians rushed  back  again  to  the  house  with  horrible  yells." 


\ 


'.' 


i 

1 

i  1 

i  1 

1 

1   1 

1  1 

i 

I- 


XIV 

THE  SON  OF  THE  HEAVENLY  CHIEF 

WHILE  legends,  showing  the  conscloosneas.  on 
the  i»rt  of  the  savage  mind,  of  the  exi^uce 
of  a  Sapreme  Being,  are  of  mora  or  less  fre- 
oSTLT"*  «*^  aborigines,  I  donbt  whether  any 
Sr^^®"  °*"°°  **"  P"*^"**  evidet  68,  like  those  of 
fol^J^'^r  °'  •  «>'^'»"i<«tion,  in  ^me  man^or 
fonn,  of  the  Ptory  of  the  White  Christ 

There  are  any  nnmber  of  their  legends  that  occnnv 
ttemselves  with  the  mission  on  earTof  thesonTS 
H«ivenly  Chief,  and  the  characteristics  of  this  God-sent 
Mend  of  the  i^ple,  correspond  so  wonderfully  with  thow 
of  our  blessed  Saviour,  that  it  harfly  seeL  possiwJ 

-?  SJ*?  "  °®  wandered  about  on  earth,  if  those 
wna  first  drew  the  picture  had  not  seen  Him  with  their 

""^  uT*  "*'  '^*''*^  **•«*'  information  from  some  one 
who  had. 

Mrs.  Booth,  a  full-blooded  Tsimshean  at  MeOakahUa. 
told  me  that  her  mother  had  related  to  her,  when  a  litUe 
girl,  the  following  : 

"  ^^  ,?"*  "  ^"^  entirely  dark.  There  was  no  light  in 
the  world     The  people  could  see  nothing,  but  were  grop- 

ni  ^nK^*~°'*°"*^"*«*»'^  Then,  the  son  of  the 
S^Z?  f  Chief  <»me  down  to  earth,  and  the  people  com- 

hrfn  S  *"'^  "^^  *'  ""^  *»  ^^-  He  saiV^  would 
?r^l?*"''«*°^**''""«^*«*"^^  He  travelled  around 
for  a  long  time,  and  helped  the  people  in  their  trouble. 

108 


THE  SON  OF  THE  HEAVENLY  CHIEF    109 


He  was  k>  kind  and  good,  and  the  people  loved  him  very 
much." 

Bat,  itill  more  wonderfal  appears  the  story  of  "  Hu 
Battle  between  Good  and  EvU,"  as  Mr.  Duncan,  who  has 
given  it  to  me,  calls  the  following  legend. 

Two  of  the  natives  have,  independently  of  Mr.  Duncan, 
and  of  each  other,  related  the  same  story,  with  only 
enough  slight  variations  in  the  phraseolc^  to  prove  that 
they  each  had  received  it  firom  a  different  soorce. 

The  story,  as  told  me  by  Mr.  Doncan,  mns  as  follows: 

"Once  there  were  only  two  villages  of  people  in  the 
world,  a  great  river  flowing  between  them.  They  were 
constantly  at  war,  and  the  fend  was  so  strong  that, 
finally,  everybody  in  one  of  the  villages  was  extermi- 
nated, except  an  old  woman,  named  Kowak,  and  her 
daughter. 

"  Kowak  was  very  anxious  again  to  populate  her  extin- 
guished village,  which  could  only  be  done  by  raising  up 
children  to  her  daughter.  But,  how  was  this  to  be  donef 
It  was,  of  course,  out  of  the  question  to  marry  her  to 
any  man  in  the  inimical  village,  and  the  men  'n  that 
village  were  the  only  ones  alive  in  the  world.  So  Kowak 
turned  to  the  animal  kingdom.  She  would  spend  her 
days  and  nights  in  the  forest,  crying  out  incessantly : 

<•  <  Who  will  marry  Kowak's  daughter!'  repeating  it 
over  and  over  again 

"Finally,  a  little  /ed  squirrel  peeped  out  firom  among 
Uie  branches  of  a  spruce,  and  said : 

« *Good  woman,  I  will  marry  Kowak's  daughter.' 

" '  Well,  then,  son-in-law-elect,  if  you  marry  Kowak's 
daughter,  what  will  be  your  aim  in  life)  To  what  will 
your  energies  be  directedf ' 

"'Oh,  I  will  scramble  up  the  trees,  and  gather  the 
oones,  and  throw  them  down.' 

"<N(^  son-in-Iaw-dect,  you  will  have  to  give  up  the 


I 


110 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


{Jj^j^jJ^J^^^Ko'^'-d^ngliter.    You  wfll  not  fill 

"Next  came  the  bear,->the  aune  qaeation  was  pot  to 
Aim.    Hia  answer  was : 

" '  I  wlU  bellow  and  growl,  and  scare  eveiybody.    Ue 
la  wait  for  the  animals  in  the  forest,  and  kUl  them,  and 
oatoh  the  salmon,  as  they  are  jumping  up  the  stream.' 
The  same  reply  was  given  to  him. 

"The  deer  next,  and  then  others  oflTerod  their  servicer 
The  inquiry  and  the  answer  were  similar,  eadi  animal 
showing  that  its  aim  in  life  would  be  only  a  selfish  exhi- 

111       7.1*"  °''"  "^"^^  conception  of  the  enjoyment  of 
life,  and  the  satisfaction  of  its  animal  craving 

"Then,  as  Kowak  cried  in  the  forest  one  day,  there 
JWeared  before  her  a  person  in  shining  clothes,  with  a 

beartiftU  face,  and  kind,  lovely  eyes.    It  was  the  son  of 
the  Heavenly  Chief. 

"  *I  will  marry  Kowak's  daughter,  good  woman,'  said 
he. 

"  'Oh,  beautiful  prince !  Heaven  bless  you,  who  wUl 
marry  Kowak's  daughter.' 

"  The  same  question  was  then  put  to  him. 

"He  answered: 

"•My  aim  in  life  will  be  to  destroy  the  enemies  of 
Kowak's  deserted  village.' 

"  'Oh,  you  are  a  man  after  my  own  heart  You  shaU 
indeed  marry  Kowak's  daughter.' 

"  «But  my  wife  must  go  with  me  to  heaven,  and  live 
tUere.    I  cannot  leave  her  down  here.' 

"♦AJJ  right.    I  expected  that.    But  may  I  not  go  with 

JnM  .  .''?!?  "  ^^^  *°  "^*  ^«"  ™y  0"Jy  daughter- 
all  that  18  left  me  of  family,  parents,  husband,  and  chU- 
dren.    It  will  be  so  lonely  for  me  here. ' 

"  'Well,  that  depends  on  yourself.    But  I  doubt  that 
you  will  be  able  to  do  so.    Still,  we  will  try.' 


THE  SON  OP  THE  HEAVENLY  CHIEF    111 

"  He  took  his  wife  in  hia  ami,  and  told  the  mother  to 
hold  Cut  by  hia  ahoaldera. 

"  'But,  ai  we  riae  up,'  he  aaid,  'if  you  would  go  to 
heaven,  you  moat  not  look  down.  Look  up,  or  at  me, 
all  the  time.  If  you  look  down  once,  you  will  never  get 
there.' 

"  Up  they  roae,  alowly,  towards  heaven,  but  when  they 
had  got  up  into  the  clouds,  the  old  lady  could  not  help 
throwing  just  one  glance  down  to  earth,  and  at  once  her 
hold  on  the  prince  loosened,  ai.d  ahe  sank  and  sank,  and, 
finally,  she  landed  in  the  branchee  of  a  tree,  and  there 
she  stuck  fast,  and  she  now  moaned  from  pain  and 
repentance.  That  is  what  you  hear  moaning  in  the 
branches  of  the  trees  when  the  wind  blows. 

"  By  and  by,  three  beautiful  sons  came  to  the  daugh- 
ter. They  grew  up,  and  became  stronger  and  more  beau- 
tiflU  every  day.  The  time  neared  when  their  father 
wanted  them  to  go  down  and  destroy  the  inimical  vil- 
lage. In  preparation  for  this,  they  built  each  a  fine 
house.  One  day,  one  of  the  houses  commenced  to  sink, 
and  it  struck  the  earth  with  a  great  noise;  so  did  the 
next,  and  the  next 

"In  the  momiug  the  chief  of  the  inimical  village  woke  . 
up  and  rubbed  his  eyes : 

" '  What,  do  I  not  see  smoke  in  Eowak's  deserted  vil- 
lagef    What  can  it  be f 

"  He  gathered  his  counsellors  together  to  advise  him 
what  to  do.  They  determined  to  send  a  slave  over  there. 
He  went,  and  came  back  filled  with  awe,  and  gave  the 
most  vivid  description  of  what  he  had  found. 

"  *Oh,  there  are  three  fine  men  there.  They  treated 
me  splendidly.  They  were  so  kind  and  nice.  And  there 
are  the  finest  bouses  you  ever  saw.' 

"The  council  was  again  called  together,  xhey  then 
detomined  to  send  the  three  young  men  a  challenge  to 


3f 


'  I 

''V 

ll' 
f' 

.  Jl 

Mi 


li  I 


119 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


oome  and  guabto  with  them.  Two  of  them  aooepled 
the  chftUenge.  The  third  one  leftuwd  to  gmnble,  bat 
iftid  he  would  oome  along  soy  way. 

"  Th^  oame,  aod  the  game  oommeaoed.  The  one  who 
took  no  part  waa  eqwcially  a  giant,  with  itrong  moMlea 
and  fine  anna.  They  won  the  game.  The  chief  and  hia 
followen  got  mad,  and  rose  ap  to  alay  them.  Then  then 
waa  a  great  battle.  In  the  end,  every  one  waa  alain  by 
the  heavenly  boya." 

Mr.  Donoan'a  explanation  of  thia  leger^  is,  that  it 
repreaenta  the  battle  between  good  and  evil. 

BvU  and  ain  flnt  win.  It  aeema  aa  if  the  good  had  no 
ohanoe  at  alL  Bat  then  it  beoomea  Joined  to  the  Son  of 
God.  He  oomea  to  redeem  the  world,  and  help  rood  in 
ita  battle  agaioat  ain  and  evil. 

The  old  lady,  when  ahe  ainka  back  to  earth,  repreaenta 
the  fleah,  which  cannot  overcome  temptation,  and,  there- 
fore, cannot  enter  heaven'a  halla.  While  the  apirit  of 
good  in  man,  "the  bride,"  is  in  the  arma  of  Chriat^  and 
attaina  the  bleaainga  of  he«ven. 

In  the  end  oomea  the  triamph  of  good  over  evil,  and  the 
final  uprooting  of  evil,  aa  a  reault  of  the  onion  between 
CShriat  and  the  apirit  of  man. 

"  It  ia  a  beantifU  legend,"  aaid  he.  "  When  I  fiiat 
heard  it,  it  atmck  me  that  these  Indiana  moat  have  had 
aome  information  aa  to  the  Christ  We  cannot  explain 
how.  But  the  atory  of  the  Saviour,  as  we  know  it,  must 
have  oome  to  them  in  some  mysterious  way." 

In  order  to  show  that  they  were  not  only  thoroughly 
imbued  with  the  meek  and  lowly  dispoaition  of  the  Son  of 
God,  and  with  the  idea  that  He  assumed,  when  here,  the 
role  of  a  servant  to  man,  but  that  they  had  also  received 
a  correct  impression  of  His  divine  power,  evidencing  it- 
self in  wonderful  miracles,  I  give  the  following  story  of 
Tezodoj  the  son  of  the  Heavenly  Chief,  aa  told  by  Mrs. 


THE  SON  OF  THE  HEAVENLY  CHIEF    118 

JoMph      yahdwok,  m  venerable  old  TWmshean  womau, 
iwidiDg  at  MeUakahUa,  who  prides  heradf  ou  being  one 
of  TsMda'a  direct  deacendants. 
Her  story  is  as  follows : 

"Once  a  lUmahean  chief,  and  the  one  next  to  him  in 
wnk,  each  had  a  daughter.  The  chiefs  daughter  was 
beaatiAil.    The  other  was  lame,  and  homely. 

"  The  chief  kept  his  daoghter  shot  up  from  everybody, 
as  he  did  n  >t  want  her  to  marry  any  one  of  inferior  rauk! 
So  the  Heavenly  Chief  took  pity  on  the  maiden,  and  sent 
Us  son  down  to  woo  the  fidrone. 

"The  name  of  the  son  of  the  Heavenly  Chief  was 
Teroda.  When  he  came  down  to  earth,  he  broaght  with 
him  a  f'.w,  named  Hallacfa.  They  camped  iu  the  bosh 
outside  toe  village,  and  the  first  night  Tezoda  went  alone 
to  visit  the  maiden.  Now,  he  was  a  wonder-worker 
(  Wocknook '),'  so  he  went  into  the  giri's  room  through  a 
knot-hole  in  the  waU.  The  next  night  ne  aeut  Hallach, 
in  order  to  get  his  opinion  of  the  giri.  As  Hallach  had 
no  supernatural  powers,  he  had  to  get  inside  by  slippinir 
in  after  those  who  Uved  in  the  house. 

"He  remained  aU  night  in  the  house.  This  made  the 
chief  angry.  So  he  said  that  he  and  the  giri  tu  ould  get 
married.  As  the  gi-1  preferred  him  to  Tezoda,  she  con- 
sented, and  the  wedding  took  place  at  once. 

"Now,  it  was  the  custom  that  a  sonin-law  should  get 
tte  wood,  and  do  other  work  for  his  father-in-law,  so 
Hallach  was  sent  with  a  large  canoe,  and  a  number  of 
boys,  for  fire-wood. 

"He  brought  back  a  very  poor  kind  of  wood ;  so  wet  that, 
whwi  it  was  laid  on  the  fire,  it  put  it  out  This  made 
Hallach  feel  ashamed,  so  he  said  he  had  a  slave,  named 

Mfte  W«ri««n  nm.  for  .U  ■npenuitanl  power,  «  weU  «  for  th. 
ptnoB  wbo  turn  mub  powar. 


J 


114 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


I 


I'i^ 


Tezoda,  in  the  bush  back  of  the  village,  whom  he  wished 
to  have  brought  in  to  do  the  menial  work. 

"  So  they  fetched  Tezoda,  who  came,  seemingly  as  a 
slave  to  his  own  former  slave,  Hallach. 

"As  a  slave,  he  had  to  sleep  near  the  door.  Daring 
the  night,  the  chiefs  wife  awoke,  and  saw  the  place 
around  where  Tezoda  slept  lighted  up  with  a  great  white 
light.  So  she  made  up  her  mind  that  he  was  no  slave 
and  thought  she  would  watch  him. 

<  <  The  next  day  Tezoda  was  sent  for  fire- wood.  He  u)ok 
a  big  canoe,  and  a  number  of  women,  and  started  out 

'<  On  the  way,  they  saw  a  seal  put  its  head  out  of  the 
water,  and  he  asked  them  if  they  would  like  to  have  it 
They  said  they  would,  but  had  no  means  of  getting  it 

"  He  told  them  to  hide  their  heads.  He  then  took  a 
sling,  which  he  always  carried,  and  a  stone  out  of  his 
mouth,  and  hit  the  seal  on  the  head,  and  killed  it 

"  The  women  were  pleased,  and  from  that  time  Tezoda 
b^an  to  be  famous. 

' '  He  asked  them  if  they  did  not  want  a  big  tree  for  wood, 
but  they  said  that  they  could  not  cut  it  down  with  their 
stone-adzes.  So  he  told  them  to  hide  their  heads  again, 
and  he  struck  the  tree  with  a  stone  from  his  sling.  It  fell, 
breaking  into  pieces  just  the  right  length,  and  he  piled 
the  whole  tree  into  tiie  canoe,  so  that,  when  they  got 
back,  all  the  people  turned  out  to  see  a  canoe  carry  so 
big  a  load.  And  they  filled  up  the  house  with  wood  so 
Aill  of  pitch  that  it  burned  like  grease. 

"So  Hallach  was  ashamed  of  himself.  Also  his  wife  was 
sorry  that  she  had  preferred  him  to  Tezoda,  and  the  chief 
felt  very  badly  because  he  had  such  a  worthless  son-in-law. 

"Now  the  i>arents  of  the  lame  girl  were  anxious  to 
secure  Tezoda  for  a  son-in-law,  and,  as  he  wae  billing, 
the  wedding  took  place,  after  which  a  great  feast  was  to 
be  given  to  the  neighbouring  tribes. 


THE  SON  OF  THE  HEAVENLY  CHIEF    116 

"Tezoda  was  sent  out  seal-honting,  and  came  back 
with  a  canoe  loaded  down.  ^^ 

"On  the  morning  of  the  feast,  he  took  his  bride  to  a 
lonesome  lake  in  the  mountains,  and  both  had  a  bath. 

w  .T'^"?  '^^  ^^  ^'^  ^'^^^fS  very  differently  from 
what  they  did  when  they  went  in  to  swim. 

"  The  bride's  lameness  and  homeliness  were  gone,  and 
she  was  now  a  beauty.  The  groom  was  also  much  hand- 
somer than  ever. 

"  When  they  entered,  and  took  their  places  at  the  feast 
they  were  the  wonder  and  envy  of  all,  and  the  wife  of  Hal- 
lach  felt  more  sorry  than  ever  that  she  had  not  accepted 

"This  was  in  the  first  part  of  the  month  of  March,  and. 
ajortly  after,  the  whole  village  went  to  Nass  Eiver  to  git 
the  oolakan  fish. 

"  On  the  way  up,  thei«  is  a  high,  rocky  point    Iteoda. 

llT'S^  *''"  ^"'*^''''  to  'sbame'  Hallachandhiswif^ 
asked  Hallach  to  sling  a  stone  at  the  rock.  Hallach  did 
so,  but  the  stone  fell  short  in  the  water.  Then  Tezoda 
took  his  sling,  and  threw  a  stone,  which  struck  the  moun- 
tain, boring  a  hole  through  it,  which  can  be  seen  even  t» 
this  day. 

««r^""  ^u^r  °°  *^^  ^^'  *^«y  ^^  »  mountain  with 
Zr.  n°  i?\*°f  •  ^^^^  *«*^°  *^«^  to  hit  it,  but  his 
stone  fdl  b«jk  into  the  canoe,  and  struck  his  mother-in- 
law,  who  fd  into  the  water,  where  she  turned  into  a 
salmon  and  disappeared. 

"This  was  too  much  for  Hallach,  who  felt  so  ashamed 
that  he  >  jiped  overboard  and  was  lost 

"Mieu  Tez  '^^  with  his  sling,  threw  a  stone,  which 
struck  tte  coppur,  and  knocked  it  down  so  that  it  dropped 
Md  broke  Into  twelve 'coppers.'  These  he  carried  nS^ 
ue  was  the  first  one  vho  brought  these  cosUy  media  of 
exchange  among  the  Northhmd  tribes. " 


! 

I 

-    I 


n 


XV 

THRAIMSHUM,  THE  TSIMSHEAN  DEVIL 

THE  legendary  lore  of  all  primitive  people  is  more 
or  leas  busy  with  the  devil,  or,  at  least,  with  an 
evil  spirit  of  some  sort 

The  Tsimshean  folk-lore  is  no  exception  in  thispartic- 
olar.  In  fact,  their  l^;ends  are  so  much  occupied  vith 
Thraimshum,  their  devil,  that  one  of  them  told  Mr. 
Duncan  that  it  would  take  him  a  whole  week,  should  he 
tell  him  all  the  Tsimshean  legends  about  Thraimshum. 

But  the  Tsimsheans  seem  to  have  had  a  clearer  concep- 
tion of  him,  and  his  true  character,  than  most  heathen  na- 
tions hav&  Thus  it  will  be  seen  fix>m  the  following,  that 
their  devil,  like  the  Biblical  one,  fell,  or  was  thrown, 
down  from  heaven.  Their  common  nickname  for  him  is 
the  "  father  of  liars."  He  is  voracious,  and  a  glutton, 
never  gets  enough  to  eat,  and  practically  scours  the  earth, 
«  seeking  what  he  can  devour." 

While  he  has  the  power  to  hop  from  mountain  peak  to 
mountain  peak,  and  to  hurl  a  mountainside  down  into  a 
ravine,  and  to  change  his  appearance  and  assume  gigantic 
proportions,  he  is  utterly  unable  to  do  anything  useful  for 
himselfl  He  cannot  catch  a  fish  for  himself  when  he  is 
hungry— can  only  cheat  a  man  out  of  one,  by  some  one  of 
his  many  frauds,  tricks  and  deceits. 

His  history,  according  to  the  Tsimsheans,  b^ns  as 
follows : 

*<  A  chiefs  son  had  a  dave  of  his  own  age.  He  grew  up 
to  be  an  expert  archer.  One  day  he  shot  a  raven,  skinned 
it,  put  on  the  skin,  and  found  that  he  could  fly. 

116 


THRAIMSHUM,  THE  T8IMSHEAN  DEVIL  117 


"  The  slave  boy  wanted  to  fly  also,  so  he  shot  another 
raven,  and  taught  the  slave  to  fly. 

"They  flew  up  into  heaven,  where  the  Great  Chief  gave 
them  eaoh  a  wife,  and  each  of  them  had  a  baby  boy. 

"After  a  while,  the  Great  Chief  wished  them  to  send 
their  boys  down  to  earth  to  help  the  people.  So  their 
fathers  dropped  them  down.  One  fell  on  land,  and  the 
other  into  the  sea.    The  latter  was  the  devil. 

"  When  he  fell  into  the  water,  a  salmon  swallowed  him. 
This  happened  not  far  from  a  village^  where  lived  a  chief, 
whose  wife  had  no  children.  They  both  wanted  diildren, 
but  she  did  not  get  any.  One  of  her  slave  women  was 
out  fishing  with  a  net,  and  caught  a  big  salmon.  When 
she  took  it  ashore  to  clean  it,  she  found  the  boy  in  its 
belly.  Then  she  put  him  under  the  bed  of  the  chiefs 
wife.  When  she  awoke,  during  the  night,  she  heard  the 
boy  cry,  looked  under  the  bed,  found  him,  and  took  him 
in  her  arms. 

"  Then  the  chief  adopted  him  as  his  own  son." 


m 


A 


XVI 

BEHIND  THE  WALLS 

T  the  reqaeet  of  Governor  Douglas,  Mr.  Diiii> 
can,  from  the  time  when  he  first  arrived  at  the 
Port,  read  the  service  of  the  Episcopal  Church 
for  the  garrison  every  Snnday  forenoon. 

The  iiunates  seemed  to  appreciate  this  service  very 
mnch,  also  the  schooling  which  he  gave  these  grown  up 
men,  many  of  whom  could  neither  read  nor  write. 

One  of  them,  who  learned  the  three  "B's"  from  Mr. 
Duncan,  afterwards  became  derk  in  his  store,  and  his 
bookkeeper  at  old  Metlakahtla. 

It  was  Sunday  morning,  some  four  or  five  weeks  after 
his  arrival.  As  Mr.  Duncan  returned  from  his  break- 
fast, he  saw  four  or  five  of  the  men  in  their  working 
clothes,  and  with  axes  on  their  shoulders.  He  at  once 
went  to  the  second  officer,  asked  him  what  that  meant, 
and  was  informed  that  the  captain  had  given  them  orders 
to  go  out  into  the  forest  and  chop  wood. 

Duncan  at  once  went  to  his  room,  and  wrote  a  letter  to 
the  captain,  stating  what  he  had  heard  and  seen  as  to  his 
orders. 

"Now,"  he  continued,  "I  have  only  this  to  say ;  that 
if  this  be  so,  I  cannot  hold  any  services  in  the  Fort  to-day. 
I  am  no  hypocrite,  and  will  not  take  part  in  any  hypo- 
critical service  wherein  I  read  :  'Prom  the  contempt  of 
Thy  word,  and  holy  commandments,'  and  yon  answer, 
*Good  Lord,  deliver  us,'  when  you  and  I  both  know  that 

118 


BEHIND  THE  WALLS 


119 


you  have  jast  broken  one  of  Qod's  commandmenta. 
Therefore,  if  yon  want  any  service,  you  will  have  to  read 
it  yourself,  as  I  peremptorily  decline  so  lo  do.'* 

In  ten  minutes  the  captain  was  at  his  quarters,  angry 
as  he  could  be.  That  was  evident  Every  one  at  the 
Fort  knew  what  it  meant,  when  the  captain  appeared 
with  his  cap,  turned  around  with  the  vizor  in  the  neck. 

"  I  have  received  your  letter,  sir.  I  thought,  when  you 
came,  that  in  a  short  time  you  would  try  to  run  the  Fort, 
and  I  see  I  was  right" 

"  Not  at  all,  sir.  I  try  to  run  nothing.  I  issue  no  or- 
ders, only  to  myself:  I  must  have  that  right  I  don't 
prevent  your  having  a  service.  I  simply  say  :  I  will  not 
take  any  part  in  it,  knowing  thatOod's  law  as  to  the  Sab- 
bath is  being  openly  broken.  I  am  not  the  chaplain  of 
your  Port,  and  you  cannot  order  me,  sir." 

"  Well,  sir,  I  shall  certainly  report  this  assumption  of 
authority  to  the  Company." 

"All  right,  do  so.  I  will  also  make  my  report,  and  I 
have  no  fear  of  the  result" 

The  captain,  angiy  as  he  could  be,  ran  out,  slammed 
the  door,  and  shouted  to  the  men  : 

"  Yon  men  need  not  go  to  work.  It  seems  some  one 
else  is  going  to  run  things  in  the  Fort  after  this." 

The  men,  of  course,  were  more  than  pleased  to  quit 
work,  and  all  came  to  the  service. 

"This  oii«  thing  I  do." 

As  soon  as  Mr.  Duncan  had  arrived  at  the  state  whero 
he  could,  to  some  extent,  make  himself  understood  to 
Clah,  he  made  it  a  point  to  go  with  him  around  to  the 
houses  of  the  Indians. 

His  first  specific  object  was  to  take  a  census  of  the  peo- 
ple. This  occupation  gave  him  a  chance  to  meet  them  in 
a  fHendly  way,  and  I  have  no  doubt  that  his  fisuie,  which 
even  then  must  have  beamed  like  a  benediction,  spoke  to 


)•,,. 


/  ni 


120 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


them  volomes  of  the  white  miasioii&ty's  kindnen  and 
love  for  them. 

Whenever  he  Ifomed  of  any  being  sick,  he  welcomed 
the  opportunity  to  visit  them,  and  to  try  to  help  them 
out,  by  some  simple  advice,  or,  once  in  a  whUe,  with 
some  medicine  from  his  me.]  cine  chest,  for  he  had  dab- 
bled a  little  in  medicine  also,  thinking  it  might  be  of  use 
to  him  in  his  missionary  work.  And  many  a  heart  was 
won  by  the  young  missionary,  even  before  he  could  make 
himself  understood  at  all  in  their  hinguage,  through  the 
kindness  and  sympathy  he  showed  the  sick,  and  by  his 
being  able  to  relieve  their  sufEering  by  the  means  at  hand. 

It  was  a  puzzle  to  the  Indians  to  know  what  a  white 
man,  who  was  not  a  trader,  or  a  whiskey-seller,  or  a  de- 
baucher  of  their  women,  reafly  came  among  them  for. 
Many  a  time  must  they  have  put  this  question  to  each 
other.  And  frequentiy,  I  am  told,  did  they  inquire  of 
Clah  when  the  white  man  would  be  able  to  speak  to 
them. 

One  day,  when  Mr.  Duncan  had  been  at  the  Fort  three 
or  four  months,  he  was  surprised  to  see  a  fine-booking  old 
Indian  chief  enter  his  room.  The  chiefs  name  was  "  Ne- 
yashtodoh."  He  was  one  of  the  chlefc  of  the  EiOahna, 
and  while  not  the  head  chief,  was  very  much  respected 
by  all  the  Indians  in  the  camp. 

The  fact  that  he  had  three  fall  grown  sons  living  with 
him,  would  alone  make  him  very  much  respected. 

"I  have  heard  that  you  have  come  here  with  the  let- 
ter of  God.  Is  that  BO  f  Have  you  the  letter  of  God  with 
yout"  asked  the  chief! 

"I  have,"  said  Mr.  Duncan. 

'*  Would  you  mind  showing  it  to  met " 

"  Certainly."  And  Mr.  Duncan  went  into  his  bedroom, 
and  returned  with  a  large  Bible^  which  he  placed  on  ti!ie 
tatde. 


BEHIND  THE  WALLS 


ISl 


"This  is  Qod'8  Book." 

The  Indian  reverentiy,  almost  caressingly,  laid  his  hand 
on  the  Bible. 

"  Is  God's  letter  for  the  Tsimsheanst " 

"Certainly.  God  sent  this  Book  to  your  people,  as 
well  as  to  min&" 

«  Does  that  Book  give  God's  '  heart '  to  ost" 

"It  does." 

"  And  ate  yon  going  to  tell  the  Indians  thati " 

"I  am." 

"  Alim  I  Ahm  I  Shimanget"  (It  is  good-Jt  is  good, 
chief.) 

His  coming,  under  the  circumstances,  showed  how  anx- 
iously some  of  them  were  looking  for  the  Gospel  message. 
They  could  hardly  wait  until  he  was  ready  to  bring  it 
them. 


1. 


Ir.  I 


XVII 


THE  FIRST  MESSAGE 


FINALLY,  the  great  day  came,  when  Mr.  Dnnoani 
after  eight  months'  asaiduons  study,  had  attained 
sach  knowledge  of  their  language  that  he  had 
been  able  to  write  out  in  Tsimshean  the  first  message  of 
the  Christ  to  the  savage  heart 

The  Indians  had  but  lately  returned  from  their  oolakan 
fishing- trip  to  the  Nass  Biver,  when  he  was  ready,  for  the 
first  time,  to  address  them  in  their  own  language. 

On  Saturday  morning,  he  sent  word  to  the  chiefs  of  the 
nine  different  tribes  that  he  would  like  to  address  their 
people  in  their  respective  houses  the  next  day,  and  asked 
if  they  would  permit  him  to  do  so. 

The  answer  was  favourable  in  every  instance,  and  it 
must  have  given  him  much  encouragement  to  notice 
that  not  a  canoe  started  out  that  Sunday  morning  from 
the  settlement.  Every  Indian  man,  woman,  and  child 
was  anxious  to  hear  what  the  white  chief  had  come  to  tell 
them. 

It  was  ten  o'clock  Sunday  forenoon,  the  13th  day  of 
June,  A.D.  1858,  when  he  started  from  the  Fort,  with  his 
sermon  in  his  pocket,  and,  accompanied  by  Glah,  his 
language  teacher. 

The  first  house  which  he  entered  was  that  of  Neyahsh- 
nawah,  the  head  chief  of  the  Kitlootsah  tribe,  where  he 
found  an  audience  of  about  one  hundred  gathei«d  to  hear 
him. 

122 


DRAWING  A  SEINE  OF  FISH  AT  TAINE,  NEAR 
METLAKAHTLA 


REMNANTS  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  NEYAHSHNAWAH 

NOW  STANDING  AT    PORT    SIMPSON    IN 

WHICH    MR.   DUNCAN   DELIVERED 

HIS    FIRST  SERMON  TO 

THE   TSIMSHEANS 


THE  FIRST  MESSAGE 


198 


It  Mema  almoat »  dtopemMtion  of  Providenoe  th«t  of  all 
the  lodian  houaei,  at  that  time  located  near  Fort  Bimpaon, 
the  only  one  of  which  any  ycdtige  now  remains  is  that 
very  bouse,  in  which  he,  by  Qod's  grace,  was  flnt  al- 
lowed to  preach  the  Gospel  to  the  Tsimsheans. 

The  framework  of  this  house^  as  shown  in  the  illnstra* 
tion  on  a  near-by  page,  stands  today  at  Fort  Simpson, 
though  its  occupants  and  their  descendants  long  since  are 
gone. 

By  actual  measurement  of  the  beams  and  posts  now 
standing,  it  appears  that  this  hoose  was  fifty-five  feet  by 
sixty-five  feet,  with  a  hei«;ht  firom  the  ground  to  the  lower 
edge  of  the  cross-beams  of  a  little  over  fifteen  feet  The 
beams  and  posts  are  logs  of  nearly  three  feet  in  di- 
ameter. 

This  was  the  first  Indian  assembly  Mr.  Duncan  ever 
foced.  No  wonder  that  he  quailed  before  the  undertak- 
ing. It  required  a  stout  heart  for  any  one,  with  only  his 
limited  knowledge  of  a  strange  and  difficult  language,  to 
dare  lay  before  this  waiting  throng  the  precious  Ctospel 
message.  One  word  improperly  used  might  produce  an 
entirely  wrong  impression— one  mispronounced,  bring 
ridicule  on  the  messenger  and  the  message.  But  Mr. 
Duncan  had  a  stout  heart,  and  then  he  bad,  in  addition 
thereto,  the  wonderful  support  of  an  Almighty  Father, 
who  did  not  allow  him  to  yield  to  the  temptation  to  read 
his  sermon,  sentence  by  sentence,  to  Clah,  and  have  him 
repeat  it  to  the  people. 

When  he,  at  the  last  moment,  fearing  the  effect  of  his 
foulty  pronunciation,  suggested  this  course  to  CJlah,  the 
blanching  of  the  latter's  cheeks  at  once  convinced  him 
that  things  wonld  be  liable  to  go  worse  then,  and,  with  a 
silent  prayer  to  God  for  help,  he  started  in  by  asking  the 
people  to  close  the  door. 
This  brought  an  awe  of  stillness  over  the  aadienoe, 


ti 


I 


iff 


194 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


'I 


which  WM  heighteiMd  by  Mr.  Dnnoui's  kiMellng  dowa 
for  a  few  momenta  of  ■ilent  pnyer. 

He  then  gave  them  the  flnt  midxtm  they  ever  heard 
from  a  white  man  in  their  own  langnagei 

Fortnnately,  I  am  able  to  give,  in  English,  a  ^ynopda 
of  this  hiatorical  addreai,  the  original  of  which,  in  lUm- 
•hean,  is  still  kept  in  Mr.  Duncan's  safe  at  Metlskahtla. 

He  first  introduced  himself  as  a  missionary  from  Eng- 
land, who  had  come  from  afitf  over  the  great  seas  with  the 
speoiflo  object  of  giving  to  them  the  message  of  God  from 
His  Book,  which,  if  they  would  learn  and  obey  it,  would 
bless  them  in  this  life,  and  prepare  them  for  the  life  to 
come.  He  then  reminded  them  that  we  do  not  live  here 
always,  that  the  term  of  our  life  here  is  uncertain ;  but, 
though  our  bodies  die,  our  souls  do  not,  and  proceeded : 

"God's  Book  teaches  us  how  we  should  live  in  this 
world,  and  so  be  prepared  for  a  fhture  life  in  heaven 
with  God. 

"  It  also  teaches  us  about  God— that  He  is  holy,  that 
He  hates  every  evil  way— that  all  men  and  women  an  sin- 
ners, and  that  our  hearts  are  flill  of  eviL 

"  God  made  us  to  love  Him,  and  follow  His  ways ;  but 
fhe  people  have  forsaken  Him,  and  followed  their  own 
ways,  which  are  evil  in  His  sight 

"God's  Book  tells  us  that  God  sees  aU  we  do,  knowsall 
that  is  in  our  hearts,  and  that,  when  we  die,  every  one 
of  us  must  stand  before  Him,  to  answer  for  our  conduct 
on  earth. 

"  We  cannot  hide  anything  tnm  God,  nor  can  we  make 
ourselvee  good. 

"  How  then  can  we  be  saved  from  the  ponishment  due 
to  our  sins,  and  become  goodf 

"  Tbeanswer  to  these  great  questions  is  given  us  in  God's 
Book,  and  this  is  the  Gospel,  or  good  news,  which  God 
has  sent  you. 


THE  FIRST  MESSAGE 


196 


"  I  now  urge  yoa  to  liiteii  to  tbii  Gospel,  which  is :  That 
Ood  ao  loved  and  pitied  mankind,  that  He  Mut  Ui«  only 
Son,  Jewu  Chriat,  into  the  world  to  Mve  xm. 

"  Jewia  Christ  auffered  and  died  for  oar  aiua. 

"  He  ia  now  in  heaven  to  hear  and  answer  our  prayers. 

"  He  bids  OS  put  uway  our  sinftil  ways,  and  look  to 
Him  to  be  saved. 

"  If  we  obey,  He  will  pardon  oar  sins,  make  us  holy,  and 
take  us  to  live  with  Him  in  heaven  when  we  die. 

"  I  exhort  you  not  to  nyeot  Ood's  message  of  love.  Be- 
fleet  on  how  much  God  has  done  to  save  us.  Put  away 
your  evil  ways,  and  learn  God's  ways. 

"One thing  I  ask  you  to  do,  firom  this  day  forth,  which 
you  can  do,  and  which  wil!  be  pleasing  to  God.  Befniin 
from  all  kind  of  work  on  Sunday,  which  is  the  Lord's 
Day,  and  meet  together  on  that  day  to  learn  God's  will, 
and  pray  to  Him. 

"  I  have  a  great  deal  more  to  tell  you  firom  God's  Book. 
He  has  heard  what  I  have  told  you  to-day.  Believe  that 
God  is  longing  to  bless  you,  and  to  save  you." 

The  Indians  were  all  remarkably  attentive.  When,  at 
the  conclusion,  he  asked  them  to  kneel  down,  they  at  once 
complied.  And  while  he  ofiTered  ap  a  prayer  in  English, 
they  preserved  great  silence. 

He  then  bade  them  good-bye,  and  went  to  the  hoose  of 
the  head  chief  of  the  Tsimdieans,  L^^c,  where  every- 
thing was  prepared,  a  sail  spread  for  Mr.  Duncan  to 
stand  upon,  and  a  mat  placed  on  a  box  for  him  to  sit 
upon.  About  one  hundred  and  fffty  jMsople  had  as- 
sembled, who  were,  by  the  chief,  ikamonished  to  behave 
themselves,  and  listen  respectfiilly  to  what  he  had  to  say. 

A  few  people  firom  the  Fort  being  present,  Mr.  Duncan 
first  spoke  shortly  in  English,  and  thexeniMn  repeated 
his  address  in  Tsimshean. 

Th«y  all  knelt  in  prayer,  and  were  very  attentive,  as  at 


iii*. 


mmmmammm 


126 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


i 


the  other  place.  Qah,  apon  ioqairy,  assared  Mr.  Duncan 
that,  from  their  looks,  he  knew  that  they  understood  him, 
and  felt  it  to  be  '*  good." 

After  this,  he  went  to  the  other  seven  chiefs'  houses  in 
succession,  and  in  each  repeated  his  address  to  a  congre- 
gation of  all  the  way  from  fifty  to  two  hundred  souls. 

In  some  of  the  places,  where  he  had  an  idea  thai  the 
people  did  not  understand,  or  pay  the  attention  he  de- 
sired, he  repeated  his  address.  At  one  house  he  even  re- 
peated it  twice. 

When  four  o'clock  came,  he  had,  without  getting  any 
rest  or  luncheon,  preached  in  nine  different  houses,  to  be- 
tween eight  and  nine  hundred  Indians. 

That  it  was  a  great  b^inning  of  a  great  good  to  these 
people,  the  following  pages  will  show. 

That  he  had  made  a  good  impression  on  the  people 
was  evident  from  the  fact  that  the  head  chief.  Legale,  of- 
fered him  the  use  of  his  houB3  for  a  school,  which  he  in- 
formed them  he  intended  to  open  at  once,  for  the  children 
in  the  forenoon,  and  for  the  adults  in  the  afternoon. 

The  roll-call  showed  twenty-six  children  present  on  the 
first  day,  and  the  attendance  increased  right  along.  Still 
more  satisfiictory  to  the  teacher  was  it  to  notice  the  atten- 
tion and  interest  the  scholars  seemed  to  give  to  their 
work  from  the  banning. 

The  attendance  in  the  afternoon,  some  fifteen  only,  was 
not  so  satisfiEictory.  It  evidently  took  some  courage  for 
the  grown  people  to  go  to  school. 

The  spirit,  which  Mr.  Duncan  had  recognized,  by  not 
asking  the  people  to  hear  his  message,  except  in  their 
own  chiefs  honse,  soon  made  itself  felt,  also  with  reference 
to  the  school.    One  chief  said  to  Mr.  Duncan  : 

"  Ton  will  have  aU  the  people  to  teach  as  soon  as  your 
own  house  is  built" 

This  set  him  to  thinking,  and  as  Legale,  when  the  sal- 


THE  FIRST  MESSAGE 


127 


mon  season  came,  was  going  away,  he,  after  a  while,  con- 
daded  he  had  better  close  his  school  till  he  conld  get  a 
school  building  erected. 

On  Jaly  11th,  Mr.  Doncan  had  finished  and  prepared 
a  second  address  in  Tsimshean,  and  proceeded  to  deliver 
it  in  the  same  way  as  on  the  first  occasion. 

Of  all  the  people  present,  there  was  only  one,  the  Chief 
Qntbray,  the  head  of  the  cannibal  club,  who  refused  to 
kneel,  when  he  asked  them  to  do  so.  The  angry  scowl 
and  the  ogly  muttering  of  this  chief  showed  that  the 
medicine-men  recognized  in  the  new  teaching  the  death 
knell  to  their  nefarious  practices  and  disgusting  deviltry. 
They  undoubtedly  commenced  to  feel  already  that  a  new 
light  was  coming  over  their  people,  which  would  open 
their  eyes  to  the  falsehood  and  deceit  that  so  long  had 
been  practiced  upon  them,  and  from  which  these  same 
medicine-men  had  so  long  managed  to  make  an  easy  liv- 
ing. 

Daring  the  summer  months  a  goodly  portion  of  the  In- 
dians were  away,  but  enough  remained  to  give  Mr.  Dun- 
can a  lift  with  his  school  building. 

Several  had  undertaken  to  cut  the  logs  and  raft  them 
over  to  the  beach,  and  now  the  logs  were  to  be  brought 
up  the  hill,  to  the  place  where  the  school  was  to  be  lo- 
cated, about  the  site  where  the  Methodist  Church  now 
stands.  But  this  was  not  to  be.  Only  a  few  logs  had 
been  brought  to  the  location,  when  an  Indian,  assisting 
in  the  work,  fainted  and  died,  undoubtedly  from  some 
heart  trouble. 

Any  one  knowing  the  Indian  superstition  can  appreciate 
the  effect  of  thi&  Naturally,  any  confidence  with  which 
Mr.  Duncan  had  inspired  them  would  be  shaken,  and 
they  would  be  afraid  to  help  any  further  in  the  work. 

With  a  wisdom  which  seems  to  be  of  God,  and  which 
never,  all  through  his  life,  has  forsaken  him,  he  immedi* 


f 


■UahMWiwitMl 


'V! 


128 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


1*' 
I 


atdy  stopped  the  work,  and  changed  the  site  to  a  place 
whence  it  would  not  require  such  exertion  to  convey  the 
logs ;  bat  where,  on  the  other  hand,  he  put  himself  right 
in  the  path  of  the  enemies  of  his  work,  as  he  later  on 
found  out 

He  said  nothing  more  about  building,  until  September 
16th.    The  next  day  he  wrote  in  his  diary : 

"  Yesterday  I  spoke  to  a  few  on  the  subject,  and  all  seemed 
heartily  glad.  One  old  chief  said  to  me :  <  Cease  being  .\ngry 
now,'  thinking,  I  suppose,  my  delay  was  occasioned  by  anger. 
He  assured  me  he  would  send  his  men  to  help.  This  morning 
I  went  to  the  raft  at  6  a.  m.  But  only  one  old  man  was  there. 
In  i  little  time  came  two  or  three.  Then  a  few  more.  Then 
two  chiefs.  By  about  half-past  six  we  mustered  seven  or  eight 
wmkers  on  the  raft,  though  several  more  came  &nd  sat  at  their 
doors,  Indian-like,  as  though  they  wished  only  to  look  on. 

"  This  seemed  greatly  in  contrast  with  their  expressions  to 
me  yesterday,  but  such  is  the  Indian.  I  knew  it  was  of  no  use 
to  push,  so  I  patiently  waited. 

"  About  seven  o'clock,  one  of  the  Indians  on  the  raft  sprang 
to  his  feet,  gave  the  word  for  starting,  which  is  a  peculiar  kind 
of  a  whoop,  and  he,  with  the  few  so  inadequate  to  do  the 
work,  determined  to  begin.  At  this,  I  proceeded  up  the  beach 
to  the  building  site ;  but  what  was  my  surprise,  when,  on  re- 
turning,  I  met  upwards  of  forty  Indians  carrying  logs. 

"  They  all  seemed  to  have  moved  in  an  instant,  and  sprung  to 
the  work  with  one  heart.  The  enthusiasm  they  manifested  was 
truly  gladdening,  and  almost  alarming.  Among  the  number 
were  several  old  men,  who  were  doing  more  with  their  spirited 
looks  and  words  than  with  their  muscles.  The  whole  camp 
seemed  now  excited.  Encouraging  words  and  pleasant  looks 
greeted  me  on  every  side.  Every  one  seemed  in  earnest,  and 
the  heavy  blocks  and  beams  beg^  to  move  up  the  hill  with 
amazing  rapidity.  When  the  Fort  bell  rang  for  breakfast,  they 
proposed  to  keep  on.  One  old  man  said  he  would  not  eat  till 
the  work  was  done.  However,  I  did  not  think  it  good  to 
sanction  this  enthusiasm  so  far,  but  sent  them  off  to  their 
homes. 

"  By  three  o'clock  all  was  over,  for  which  I  was  very  glad, 
for  the  constant  whooping,  groaning  and  Ixiwling  of  the  In- 


THE  FIRST  MESSAGE 


129 


dians,  together  with  the  difficulty  of  the  work,  from  the  great 
weight  of  the  pieces  and  the  bad  road,  kept  me  in  constant 
fear." 

Within  a  few  days  the  framework  was  in  position,  and 
the  work  of  fioisbiug  the  school  building  and  providing 
the  schoolroom  with  the  necessary  desks  and  benches, 
now  proceeded  as  fast  as  could  be  expected. 

Mr.  Duncan  had  intended  to  buy  bark  for  the  roof,  but 
the  Indians,  saying  that  the  white  chief's  teaching  house 
ought  to  have  a  roof  of  boards,  insisted  upon  donating, 
with  a  great  deal  of  ceremony  and  show  of  good  feeling, 
the  boards,  both  for  the  floor  and  the  roofing. 

Many,  who  could  not  otherwise  have  contribmod, 
brought  boards  from  their  own  houses,  and  even  planks, 
which  were  part  of  their  beds. 

On  November  17th,  when  the  school  was  first  opened, 
his  former  scholars  all  rushed  eagerly  to  the  new  school, 
whither  they  were  called  by  blows  on  a  triangle  of  steel, 
used  for  a  bell. 

The  attendance  proved  to  be  one  hundred  and  forty 
children  and  fifty  adults — many  more  than  he  had  ever 
expected,  or  hoped  to  see  there. 


\4 

I 


J. 


XVIII 

THE  DEVIL  ABROAD 

THESE  fall  months  were  like  the  calm  before 
the  storms,  which  always  rage  daring  the  mid- 
winter months  in  Alaskan  waters.  With  the 
month  of  December  commenced  the  medicine  work  and 
the  dub  work,  with  all  its  abominable  and  disgusting 
ceremonies. 

On  the  first  of  December,  the  head  chief  came  to  the 
captain  of  the  Port,  and  told  him  that  his  young  daugh- 
ter ("the  big  fin")  had  gone  to  the  moon  for  her  educa- 
Hon,  and  would  be  back  in  a  month,  and  asked  him  to 
persuade  Mr.  Duncan  to  suspend  his  school  during  that 
month,  as  it  would  interfere  with  their  work,  and  he  did 
not  like  to  have  the  children  pass  by  the  house,  going  to 
and  from  school,  as  it  broke  the  spell  of  their  mysteries. 
If  he  would  do  this,  they  would  all  come  to  school  after- 
wards. But,  if  he  did  not,  the  medicine-men  might  shoot 
the  children  as  they  were  on  their  way  to  school. 

Now  this  going  to  the  moon  was,  of  course,  only  a 
put-up  game.  They  all  know  better.  They  simply  hide 
the  child  away  somewhere  in  the  forest  for  a  month. 
When  she  has  disappeared,  they  go  around  with  a  mys- 
terious air,  and  sing  weird  songs.  A  kind  of  heathenish 
hysterics  comes  over  the  whole  camp.  They  pretend  to 
know  just  when  she  is  coming  back.  The  whole  tribe  is 
gathered  on  the  beach  looking  for  her,  when  she  suddenly 
appears,  coming  around  the  point  on  a  raft,  stark  naked. 
They  now  rush  out  into  the  water,  tr  take  her  oflf  the 

130 


THE  DEVIL  ABROAD 


131 


Uttle  raft.    She  makes  all  kinds  of  funny  gestures,  as  if 
she  wanted  to  get  away,  and  go  up  into  the  air  again. 

They  then  tie  her  with  a  medicine-man's  rope  and 
butcher  a  dog.  She  pretends  to  eat  the  raw  dog-meat 
smeare  the  blood  around  her  mouth,  and  on  her  breast 
and  arms,  runs,  with  her  arms  stretched  oat,  and  moving 
theni  up  and  down,  as  if  she  tried  to  fly,  around  to  all 
the  houses  in  the  village,  followed  by  the  crowd.  At 
some  house  she  gets  up  on  the  roof,  with  the  people  after 
her,  holding  her  back  from  going  to  the  moon  again. 

When  the  captain  laid  the  request  of  Legale  before 
Mr.  Duncan,  and  asked  him  to  give  in  to  them  in  this 
matter,  his  answer  was : 

"Not  for  a  month,  nor  even  for  a  day  will  I  stop. 
Satan  has  reigned  long  enough  here.  It  is  high  time  his 
rule  should  be  disturbed." 

mie  second  officer  of  Uie  Fort  should  not  have  said  what 
he  did : 

"I  tiunk  you  are  making  a  great  mistake,  sir,  in  not 
giving  in  to  tiiem.    You  do  not  know  what  youare  doing. 

You  ought  to  respect  their  superstitions.    It  is  likely  Uiat 
bloodshed  will  come  ftt>m  this." 

"  Well,  sir,"  said  Duncan,  "  I  thank  you  for  your  ad- 
vice, which,  by  the  way,  I  did  not  ask  you  to  give.  I 
may  not  know  what  I  am  doing.    But  I  tiiink  you  do 

",!lr''Z.^y°""^**^''^«  »*'«'»*•  If  blood  will  be 
shed,  it  certainly  will  not  be  youis  anyhow.    I  suppose 

you  mean  mine.    But,  as  to  my  own  blood,  I  will  bere- 

2?fl  tS'  "'*''  ^-  *^°«  "»"» I  know-whether  blood 
will  be  ^ed  or  not,  and  I  don't  believe  it  will  be,  I  never 
could  afford  to  make  a  compromise  with  the  devil,  and  I 
never  will."  ' 

^uat  is  Mr.  Duncan,  through  and  through.  It  was  his 
poli^intheb^miing.  It  has  been  his  policy  all  through 
his  life.    It  is  his  policy  to-day.    No  one  can  move  hkn 


tmmmm 


189 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


■I 


an  inch,  when  he  thinks  he  ia  right,  and  han  laid  oat  hia 
coone  to  follow. 

When  Legale  that  night  came  for  his  answer,  and  fonnd 
what  it  was,  he  b^^ged  the  captain  to  ask  Mr.  Duncan  to 
stop  for  a  fortnight  anyway.  But,  by  this  time,  the  cap- 
tain knew  better  than  to  run  his  head  up  against  a  stone 
wall,  and  told  the  chief  it  would  be  of  no  use  to  speak  to 
Mr.  Duncan  about  it  again. 

The  day  the  girl  was  coming  back,  the  chiefs  wife 
hailed  Mr.  Duncan  as  he  was  going  into  the  schoolroom. 
She  said  the  chiefe  were  all  at  her  house,  and  had  sent  her 
to  ask  him  if  he  could  not  dispense  with  the  school  for 
just  one  day. 

"  No,  not  for  an  hour." 

* '  The  bell  does  so  disturb  them.  CJould  you  be  so  kind 
as  not  to  ring  the  bell  to-day  t " 

"  No,  I  cannot  do  that    If  I  did  not  ring  the  bell,  the 
scholars  would  think  there  would  be  no  school,  and  would 
not  come." 
"  Well,  you  could  ring  it  softly,  not  so  hard  t " 
*'  No,  if  I  ring  it  at  all,  I  will  have  to  ring  it  as  usual, 
so  they  can  hear  it." 

She  cried,  and  went  away  seemingly  much  dejected  at 
the  foilure  of  her  mission. 

Mr.  Duncan  struck  the  steel  used  for  a  school  bell,  and 
says  he  is  inclined  to  think  that,  if  anything,  the  bell  was 
clanging  a  little  more  lively  that  day  than  nsual.  And 
no  one  who  knows  Mr.  Duncan  doubts  that  for  a  moment 
Only  about  eighty  scholars  came  to  school  that  day. 
The  rest  undoubtedly  knew  what  was  coming,  and  pru* 
dently  stayed  away. 

Nothing  happened  in  the  morning,  but  in  the  afternoon, 
just  as  school  was  to  commence,  Duncan,  on  looking  out 
of  the  door  (there  were  no  windows  in  this  school  build* 
ing),  noticed  several  Indians  coming  in  single  file,  Legato 


THE  DEVIL  ABROAD 


188 


flnt    They  all  had  their  war-paint  on.    Some  wore 
masks. 

When  Legaio  came  into  the  room,  the  children  all 
scampered  out  of  the  door.  The  other  Indians,  seven  in 
number,  followed  Legale  iu.  Mr.  Duncan,  who  perhaps 
guessed  what  was  coming,  folded  his  arms,  and  stood  im- 
movable at  his  place. 

legale  first  commenced  to  scold  him  because  he  had 
not  '* obeyed"  him.  Mr.  Duncan  simply  answered  that 
he  had  to  obey  God  more  than  man,  and  that  God  looked 
with  anger  and  disgust  on  their  heathen  deviltry. 

At  this  time,  some  of  the  other  Indians  evidently 
taunted  Legale,  who  was  considerably  under  the  influence 
of  liquor,  for  he  now  started  over,  closer  to  Mr.  Duncan, 
with  an  ugly  looking  knife  in  his  hand,  assuring  him  iu 
the  meanwhile  that  he  was  a  bad  man,  that  he  had  killed 
men  before,  and  that  he  now  had  made  up  his  mind  to 
"punish"  him.  He  was  brandishing  his  knife,  as  his 
companion,  Gushwat,  encouraged  him  by  crying : 

"  Kill  him.  Cut  his  head  off.  Give  it  to  me,  and  I 
will  kick  it  on  the  beach  !  " 

Mr.  Duncan,  who  thought  his  last  moment  had  come, 
threw  a  glance  upward,  and  then  looked  his  intended 
murderer,  who  towered  above  the  little  Englishman, 
firmly  in  the  eye,  as  he  said  : 

"  Yes,  you  are  a  bad  man.  I  know  it  You  would 
kill  me,  who  have  done  you  no  harm.  I,  who  have  come 
here  only  for  your  good." 

He  noticed  that  while  he  was  speaking,  Legaic's  eyes 
were  turning  to  the  left  of  him  ;  that  he  seemed  to  waver 
in  his  evident  purpose.  And  he  was  more  than  surprised 
when  he  heard  Legaio  commence  to  speak  abusively  to 
Clah. 

On  turning  to  the  left,  he  saw  Clah,  who  had  come  in 
withont  the  knowledge  of  Mr.  Duncan,  standing  with  his 


184  THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

otoerred  Clah'a  coming  In,  and  that  he,  from  theZ^^i^ 
well  k°ew  thatClahhadaloadedpiatolunderhteb^ket 

T^rz^r  ''"^  '"^  ^^  "'*>-"'  ^^  «>*<^  -^- 

Well  might  Mr  Duncan  write  in  hia  diaiy  that  night  • 
"  I  have  heartily  to  thank  that  all-seein^I^tter.  who 
has  covered  me  and  supported  me  to-day  "  ' 

th^J^ii  ^'"  ^'^  ^°*'  ^''  ^°°««'  ^«°t  out  to  ring 
mJlL.^''  """f  ""'P'^*^  *^  «°d  'he  children  all  hud 

ot^fHe'fSSt'r"'^-    (^^^'o-- was  built 
on  posts.)    He  told  them  t»  come  in,  which  thev  did 

Duncan  was  a  little  nervous  after  the  attack  nerhans. 
but  nevertheless  ho  distributed  the  books,  «^dCaS 
to  commence  the  instruction,   when  there  ^asTh^"' 

He  understood  perfectly  well  that  this  indicated  an  un 
friend^  action  and  expected  his  last  moment  cSmI 
as  he  felt  sure  that  Legaichadprebably  been  taunted^Tth 
having  come  and  gone  without  doing  what  he  C^d 

Xtfti^rts^r--^'-^---^--''-"^^ 

w:r  t>k^rmy'::^;-:^,?-— ^^owyoul 

jae  Tsimsh^ns  were  then,  as  all  the  coast  Indians  are 
now,  very  anxious  to  obtain  letters  or  cert;ifl«itrfr^ 
white  men,  especially  officials,  as  to  theirCd^Salter 
These  certificates,  which  they  call  "  teapo^^Ttf,;^^^'^ 
ve^  much  and  are  very  prene  to  sho^Sm  to  ^Sug 
Whites,  with  whom  they  come  in  contact  * 


THE  DEVIL  ABROAD 


185 


As  they  generally  are  nnable  to  read  writing,  some- 
timea  scurvy  tricks  are  played  upon  them  by  penons 
taking  advantage  of  their  ignorance. 

I  saw  once  such  a  «'  teapot"  handed  me  in  good  faith 
by  an  old,  ignorant  Indian,  which  read  as  follows : 

"  This  Indian  is  an  infernal  thiet  He  will  steal  a  red 
hot  stove.    Look  out  for  him." 

The  poor  old  Indian  did  not  look  as  if  he  could  steal  a 
potato. 

But  Legaic's  "teapots"  were  undoubtedly  bona  fide, 
obtained  from  the  captain  of  the  Fort,  and  others.  They 
were  carefully  placed  between  two  pieces  of  board,  which 
were  whitUed  down  to  the  thickness  of  thick,  heavy  paper. 

He  now  handed  this  package  to  Mr.  Duncan. 

"No,"  he  said,  "I  don't  care  to  read  your  'teapots.' 
I  know  you  better  than  the  men  who  gave  them.  But 
that  does  not  make  any  difference.  I  have  no  ill-feeling 
against  you.  I  have  come  here  to  make  you  good.  Come 
in  here,  and  sit  down,  and  I  will  help  yon  to  be  better." 

Saying  this,  he  took  him  by  the  arm,  as  if  to  lead  him 
in.  This  was  too  much  for  the  chief.  With  an  indig- 
nant  grunt,  he  disappeared. 

His  feeling  continued  for  some  time  to  be  of  such  a 
hostile  nature,  that  in  order  not  to  expose  the  scholars' 
lives  to  dangerous  attacks  as  they  passed  his  house,  Mr. 
Duncan  deemed  it  best  to  close  the  school  in  the  school- 
house,  and  accept  the  offer  of  another  chief  to  use  his 
house  for  a  school,  temporarily.  Over  one  hundred 
scholars  were  now  in  regular  attendance. 

The  murderous  attack  of  Legale  took  place  five  days 
before  Christmas. 

On  Christmas  Day,  the  scholars,  at  Mr.  Duncan's  re- 
quest,  brought  their  friends  and  parents  with  them  to 
school.  Some  two  hundred  gathered.  Now,  for  the  first 
time,  did  Mr.  Duncan  attempt  to  speak  to  the  people,  with- 


1««  THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 

mwh  to  h  s  surprise,  proved  to  be  a  oomplete  mx^ 
He  explained  to  the  Indlams  to  whom  Sund^Twa. 

day     He  spoke  again  of  the  love  of  God,  and  His  hati^ 

of  drankemiess  amongst  men,  and  profligacy  amonnt 
women,  of  which  they  were  guilty.  As  hemSjr  he 
^m  see  that  his  words  went  home  to  the  ^nS^nS.  o? 

www  ^  *^°?'  ^*  questioned  the  childien  on  some 

?h«?J^^''  ''u^'^  '^'^  ^"^  »«™^  ^t  «*ooJ»  ««d  then 
they  sang  two  hymns,  which  he  had  translated  into  their 
tongue^  and  which  the  childien  had  practi^  In^ij!' 
he  accompanying  the  singing  on  his  concertina.  ^ 

J^a^'  ""*  T^  ^^°^  **^  •»^<«'  ^««  held  in  the 
sjoolrooin  every  Sunday.    Hymns  were  sung,  a  sh^ 

^m^t  *^  r"*  ^  ^''*'  catechization  of  the  J^ople  on 

And  this  less  than  seven  months  after  the  Indians  had. 

for  the  first  time  In  their  Uves,  heard  the  Goq^!S2«Je: 


XIX 

FIRST  FRUITS 

IN  Pebniary,  1869,  Mr.  Danoan  thoaght  it  mte  to 
move  the  school  back  to  the  house  he  had  bnUt  foi 
it,  and,  dividing  the  pupils  into  differant  daasea.  he 
found  himself  able  to  make  better  progress  than  before  in 
in^tingthem.  Eveiy  session  of  the  school  was  opened 
idth  prayer  and  a  short  address  on  a  passage  or  narrative 
from  the  Bible. 

Then  he  would  make  the  whole  school  learn  a  text  in 
English,  which  he  explained  and  paraphrased,  and.which 
they  repeated  again  and  again  untU  it  was  firmly  fixed 
in  their  minda 

Singing  was  a  very  popuhu-  part  of  the  school  work. 
Simple  hymns  were  translated  into  their  language,  and 
toem*"*^  y^*"*  ^«™  very  much  interested  in  learning 

Gradually,  the  Uttle  crowd  who  gathered  around  the 
Word  eve^  Sunday  increased,  and  those  who  had  come 
from  the  beginning  seemed  to  become  more  and  more 
interested. 

The  influence  of  the  Gospel  showed  itoelf  in  many  of 
I  aL.  It  ^"^  ««P«»ially  observable  in  those  who  at- 
tended  the  school.  Week  by  week,  there  was  a  fewer 
number  who  came  to  school  painted  in  the  heathen  way, 
or  with  the  abomimible  rings  or  ornaments  in  their  nosM 

Ki*^°/'I"  *^**  ""^"^^^  pereeivable  that  the  drunken 
Drawls  in  the  camp  were  on  the  decrease. 

187 


188  THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

Some  of  the  chieA  had  already  let  it  be  known  that 
they  woald  abandon  their  medicine  work.  And  one 
thing  was  certain,  that  the  heatheniah  ritea  were  not 
wrried  on  with  the  same  .pirit  and  daah  as  heretofore. 
One  conld  notice  that  a  feeling  of  shame  had  taken  pos- 
aession  of  the  common  people  when  taking  part  in  the 
ceremonies.  Instead  of  the  braggadocio  which  uTeretofore 
was  one  of  the  conoomitauta  of  the  medicine  and  dnb 
work. 

,  .^°  **!?*.  P"^'  ^^  **»«  *«»«»»»°K  o^  the  Gospel  was 
fciking  effect,  and  that  the  Word  reached  the  hearts  and 
couHciences  of  the  people,  can  be  fonnd  than  the  conduct 
of  a  bad  man,  who  was  present  at  a  service,  and  who 
?.f1j/5!  .f''*^  muttering,  and  later  was  heard  to 
"talk  badly  "against  Mr.  Duncan. 

His  trouble  was  that  he  was  firmly  convinced  that  Mr. 
Duncan  WM  speaking  about  him,  and  had  been  telling  the 
people  his  bad  ways,  and  thus  "shamed "  him 

At  a  meeting  held  by  several  chiefs,  in  LegaiVs  house, 
in  March,  just  before  the  departure  of  the  main  bodyof 
the  people  for  the  oolakan  fishing  at  Nass  Elver,  it  was 
resolved  to  send  word  from  them  to  Mr.  Duncan,  that 
they  hoped  he  would  keep  on  to  "speak  strong"  against 
the  bad  ways  of  their  people,  and  they  would  also  sup- 
port him  with  "strong  speeches. " 

But  more  than  mere  talk  was    ,  when  the  head  chief, 
L^ic  himself,  on  the  6th  of  April,  came  to  the  school 
this  time  not  to  kill  the  teacher,  but  in  order  to  sit  at  his 
feet  and  learn  about  "  the  good  ways." 

This  example  was  soon  followed  by  many.    And,  durinir 
Mhoir*"'  ^°'*"'  °'  ^""^  °'^®'"  ""^'^^  diligently  attended 
In  August,  the  following  event  took  place  • 

fch^PnS^*'!'*'-^^  *^"  ^*"*°  *»y  »  ^OK  belonging  in 
the  Port    According  to  the  Indian  custom,  he  was  to 


FIRST  FRUITS  iso 

JJto  <mt  Uf  nrenge  on  one  of  the  White*,  mm!  •■  Mr 
punoM  WM  the  only  one  he  ooold  oonvenienUy  get  at 
he  went  in  htamge  to  the  •ohoolhooKj  to  klU  him. 

1  w  iTl?*  ****'  *^*''  *»•  "»■»»«»  It,  ont  ont  the 
lock,  and  deitroyed  aome  book*  and  other  property.  It 
WM  really  the  Ume  for  Mr.  Dnncan  to  be  at  achool,  bnt. 
fortunately  for  him,  he  had  been  called  to  aee  an  old  In' 
dlM  woman,  who  was  ralTeriDg  ftom  peritonitia.  He 
told  her  that  he  had  to  go  to  the  Port  to  consult  hiabooka. 
and  to  mix  some  medicine  for  her. 

As  he  stood  in  his  room  rolling  some  pills,  which  he 
had  prepared,  in  magnesia,  two  Indians  came  mshing  in. 
They  were  very  mnch  excited,  brought  with  them  the 
piece  which  had  been  out  out  of  the  door,  and  begged  of 
him  not  to  go  ouWde  the  Port,  as  Oushwaht  had  sworn 
that  he  would  kill  him. 

♦  ^?'  !!?**"'  •"  °*^  °^'  *»°«  of  Uie  flitt  to  oome  out 
to  his  services,  begged  him,  with  tears  in  his  eyes,  not  to 
show  himself  outside  the  Port  that  day. 

But  Mr.  Duncan  was  immovable.  He  had  promised 
the  old  woman  to  come  and  see  heragain.  Shewouldex- 
r^  Jk'^^  ^*  *^'  '***  *'  ^  ^^  ^°ty  to  keep  his  prom- 

TL^  ^  "^"^^  P~****  ^^  i°  the  dischai^e  of  his 
duty.    And  he  went  on  his  way. 

As  he  left  the  Port,  the  Indians  shouted  after  him : 
If  Oushwaht  kills  you,  we  will  kUl  him." 

He  had  to  pass  near  Oushwaht's  house,  in  going  to  see 
the  o  d  woman.  He  went  by  with  his  head  erect,  whis- 
tling in  a  oweless  manner.  He  imagined  he  saw  some  one 
moving  inside  the  door,  but  nothing  happened. 

WhUe  he  was  in  his  patient's  house,  a  woman  came  in. 
ItwasCushwahfswifa  He  noticed  that  she  crossed  the 
floor,  and  observed  him  very  closely.  Fe  looked  up,  cast 
a  careless  glance  in  her  direction,  and  went  on  with  his 
work.    lAteron,  he  found  that  she  had  been  sent  to  see 


m 


140  THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

whether  he  appeared  scared  or  fluBtered.  If  he  had  «> 
appeared,  tha  Indian  would  have  kiUed  him  witooS 
doubt  That  was  their  way.  If  he  was  noHfrai^lt 
the  Indian  did  not  dare  to  attack  him,  aTDunc^^a 
"spirit "  would  then  have  been  on  top 

On  coming  out,  the  idea  occurred  to  him  to  eo  directlv 
past  the  house,  as  there  were  some  other  s^S 
farmer  away,  whom  he  might  visit  now,  when  toe^,^ 
to J,e  no  school  in  the  afternoon.    But  then  itt"  eT 

"  No,  yon  have  no  duty  to  go  there.  God  will  nrotect 
J^u  in  the  discharge  of  your  duty,  but^t  when  y^u 
recklessly  run  into  danger."  "  wuen  you 

So  he  tmned,  and  went  back  to  the  Port  Nothing 
happened.    He  paid  no  attention  to  what  cibwaSt  iS 

And  now  was  apparent  the  change  which  had  come 

He  had  to  use  his  strongest  powers  of  persuasion  to  keTp 
ttem  from  tiJcing  measures  of  revenge  against  Cushwaht 
for  do^ng  what  he  had  against  him,  and  for  thi^^tenTni 

Mh^'n  "*??  ?/  ^°«®'''  however,  were  not  yet  over,  is 
shown  by  the  following  incident :  f        ^,  m 

du^^ft^m'^lr'  ^^°^«»^'»  after  the  potatoeshad  been 

nTiS^l?    *^*"  *'  ****  *'°'^  *«»^  the  captain's 
permission  to  use  a  portion  of  this  garden  for  aolav 
ground  for  his  scholar,  and  erected  oSTa  ^.^  SSl 


FIRST  FRUITS 


141 


They  had  quite  a  time  of  it,  some  of  the  old  people  gath- 
ering  to  look  at  the  contest,  as  weU  aa  quite  a  lot  of  chil- 
dien,  too  small  to  take  part 

As  it  was  cold,  and  the  children  were  scantily  dressed, 
he  was  afraid  that  the  little  ones,  who  were  jost  looking 
on,  were  getting  chUly ;  so  he  proposed  that  they  run 
after  him,  and,  to  the  one  who  could  catch  him,  he  prom- 
ised to  give  a  piece  of  soap.  The  litUe  children,  who  al- 
ready had  become  quite  attached  to  the  kind,  loving 
schoolmaster,  started  to  run.  One  of  them  stum^^'ed  and 
fell.  Some  of  the  others  laughed  at  the  dumsine.  of  the 
little  tot,  who  was  foolish  enough  to  cry  at  the  mishap. 

Mr.  Duncan  noticed  a  commotion  over  in  the  crowd  of 
people ;  but  did  not  know  till  it  was  all  over  what  was  up. 
Loocoal,  the  father  of  the  child,  a  medicine-man,  who 
had  no  love  for  Mr.  Duncan,  then  or  afterwards,  augry  at 
his  child  having  been  "shamed,"  and  using  the  Indian 
logic,  that  it  would  not  have  happened  had  not  Mr.  Dun- 
can asked  them  to  run  after  him  and  catch  him,  had  lifted 
his  gun,  pointed  it  at  Mr.  Duncan,  and  undoubtedly 
would  have  killed  him  then  and  there,  had  it  not  been 
for  his  own  nephew,  who  grabbed  hold  of  the  muzzle  of 
the  gun,  pushed  it  to  the  ground,  and  held  it  there, 
till   others  could   disarm  the  outraged  medicine  man. 
Loocoal  was,  some  years  later,  kiUed  by  this  very  nephew. 
The  foUowing  summer,  Mr.  Duncan,  at  the  joint  re- 
quest of  Bishop  Hills,  of  the  Diocese  of  Columbia,  and 
of  Governor  Douglas,  spent  a  couple  of  months,  while  his 
Indians  were  away  on  their  fishing  trips,  at  Victoria, 
where  it  was  thought  he  could  be  of  great  assistance  in 
helping  to  organize  a  movement  to  control  and  Christian- 
ise the  Indian  camps  near  Victoria,  where  many  of  the 
np-coast  Indians  came  for  trading  and  worse  purposes. 

He  showed  his  ability  as  an  organizer  in  this  work. 
His  plans  were  ftally  approved  by  the  authorities,  and 


us 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


could  he  himaelf  have  been  permittedtooany  them  out. 
they  would  unquestionably  have  proven  of  great  benefit! 
But  the  people  afterwards  chosen  to  carry  them  into  exe- 
cution unfortunately  did  not  have  the  requisite  courage. 

^^?'l^^^ *^  ""^°«*^'  •^  ^-  !>"»««»  had  mtor 
the  Northland  with  the  Bev.  L.  a  TugweU,  amissionary. 
who,  upon  Duncan's  repeated  requests  upon  the  Society 
to  send  him  a  married  missionary,  iu  order  that  the  In- 
dians might  be  taught  Christian  home-life,  had,  with  his 

^2ir^%h        Tk*  71  ^"^  ^«^^'  *"d  arrived  in 
Victoria  in  the  month  of  August,  1860. 

Mr.  Duncan,  of  course,  started  for  Fort  Simpson  with 

his  new  assistants  on  the  first  steamer  going  north: 
On  arrmng  at  the  Port,  he  addressed  Mrs.  Tugwell  • 

Your  husband  and  I  wiU  look  alter  that    But  we  have 

SLu^  %TJ:^T.I'!}  you  kindly  nSlrir: 
Discuxta  f    You  will  find  the  flour  over  there." 

*  7^y»  Mr.  Duncan,"  was  her  answer,  "I  don't  know 

m7life.''^' *''*'"^    I -^-^r-adeaiy  biscuits  JL  SI 

One  can  hardly  blame  Mr.  Duncan,  when  he,  of  hite. 
in  speaking  of  this  incident^  said :  "«»<>'"««, 

a^^^^^^'t^^''^^'^^  The  Church  Missionaiy 
Society  had  sent  more  than  five  thousand  mUes.  so^ 
one  to  help  me  to  teach  the  Indians  ChrisWaTh^e^fe 
and  here  I  was,  obliged  to  make  bread  for  heTmZf  th^ 
very  first  day  she  was  in  my  house."  ' 

It  is  only  fi»ir,  however,  to  say  that  Mrs.  TugweU,  for 

spent  at  Fort  Simpson,  proved  of  much  greater  value 

As  the  accommodations  in  the  Fort  now  had  become 
whoUy  imidequate,  Mr.  Duncan  condud^  to  b^i! 


FIRST  FRUITS 


143 


dwelling  hoiiae  outside,  where  he  placed  in  chaige  of  Mre. 
Tngwell  8onie  of  the  older  Bchoolgirls,  who  were  getting 
to  an  age  when  tiiey  required  a  Christian  mother's  care? 
and  some  one  to  look  after  them  all  the  time,  and  this 
poffltion  Mrs.  Tugwell,  to  the  best  of  her  ability,  filled 
with  great  zeal  and  Christian  earnestness. 

In  the  month  of  April,  I860,  Mr.  Duncan  had  under- 
token  a  journey  up  the  Nass  Eiver  in  order  to  carry  the 
Gospel  tidings  to  the  Tsimshean  tribes  there.  But  as  he 
WM  not,  at  the  time,  able  to  get  to  the  upper  villages, 
and  now  had  been  authorized  by  the  Governor  to  wam3 
ttie  tribes  in  the  Northwestern  part  of  the  province  against 
bringing  their  young  women  to  Victoria,  he,  after  return- 
ing  to  Fort  Simpson  with  the  TugweUs,  made  another  tour 
up  Nass  River,  on  which  trip  he  visited  all  the  different 
villages  located  up  that  great  stream. 

On  going  away  from  the  Fort  on  canoe  trips,  he  always 
took  with  him,  for  paddleis,  some  young  boys  of  his 
scholars.  If  he  had  one  adult  for  counsel  as  to  naviga- 
tion, which  he  deemed  safest,  he  always  made  it  a  point 
to  choose  an  old  man,  whom  he  could  expect  to  be  able  to 
overpower,  should  he  attack  him  for  the  purpose  of  rob- 
bey.  That  was  the  extent  of  confidence  he  yethad  in  the 
Indiana  So  much  had  b«en  preached  to  him  by  the  Fort 
people  of  their  treachery. 

On  this  trip,  he  was  happily  surprised  as  to  the  char- 
acter of  the  old  man  he  had  taken  along.    He  says  him- 


"One  night,  when  I  was  camping  out.  after  awearvdav  tht- 

S^.^^^^'  "^^'^  ?i*™^*'°'  Wng'ovSmTIJewS'S! 
rt.^  L  "S**? «  5°*  °^^  ""''  <l"''="y  spread  their  mats  near 

"  TTie  one  old  man  sat  near  the  fire,  smokinir  his  didc     I 
crept  into  my  little  tent,  but,  after  soie  Ume?put  Sy^head 


lU 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


?n?h?.'  tTr  *»?  "It  "8''*-  The  old  man  was  ju«  mak- 
ing hi«  bed  (a  thin  bark  mat  on  the  ground,  a  little  bmTof 
E^' "><1  «  fc*  dry  salmon  for  his  pilLJla  shirt  on  wd  . 

du3td  '^Wht^fvrr'"  '>"^"«' over  all.  his  h'ea^tn! 
Sn-n  ^*  -*  '^'^^^•verything  was  adjusted,  he  put  his  oine 
down,  jmd  offered  up.  in  his  own  tingue!  this^s^e  ffi 

wal'^nStli^w/''^"""-'    Thenhedrewuphi.feet,and 

J^inks  Mr.  Dnncan  had  no  fear  of  any  attempt  at 
wbbery  on  the  part  of  this  old  man  after  that  day 

that  it  mart  be  told,  as  I  heanl  him  tell  it  4e  d.y,  in  the 
^h  at  Metlakahtla,  to  a  party  of  tourists,  fiit  I  de! 
auj  to  preface  the  narrative  with  the  remark  that  not  only 
had  the  news  of  Mr.  Duncan's pimshing  the Gospe lat 
tri'blT.  ^"^«««,«»«  foregoing  Spring^  i^h^Th^' 
tribes,  but,  more  than  that,  the  tnle  of  the  wonderful  to- 
fluence  which  he  had  already  exercised  over  so  m^y  Jf 
the  Fort  Simpson  Indians  had  undoubtedly  penetrat^ 

On  ttie  eighth  day  of  September,  Mr.  Duncan  started 
from  the  uppermost  of  the  lower  villages  on  Nass  Biver 
on  his  journey  up-stream.  Thecurrent  in  this  river  is  » 
rapid  that  it  is  almost  impossible  to  make  mu^i^la^ 

«.J«Ba^man  acquainted  With  the  eddies  Of  the  riv^ii:^ 

JIl'  ^^'''^^''^''^  ^*^  *^»°^«  accepted  the  gen- 
^™  Offer  of  Kintsadah,  the  chief,  to  pilot  him  on^L 

«n5T/^'  ***  ^^  "^"^^^  •»*  Agweelakkah's  village. 

tte  ohW  """^f^  .?  ''''  ''^''  »'«°'^'  messenger  frS 
the  chief  came  to  tell  him  that  the  chiefs  houTwas  nZ 


i 


FIRST  FRUITS  145 

The  measengere  retired,  but  soon  came  back  with  wo«i 
w  «^^f'-7l     °'^  "'*'  ^^'^^  *o  the  white  chiefs  talk 

Duncan  concluded  that  he  had  bettTiJl??  /       "^^ 

andao  went  With  his  crewl'^fecU^Ss?:;^"  '"^''^ 
"Upon  entering,"  he  said,  '« I  was.  wiJh  mo«„ 

and  said  ;  ^^      lespectfal  bow  to  m^ 

"*  Welcome,  chief  P 


./; 


146 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  AT.ASir^ 


"Ab  another  man  then  oame  out,  and  placed  himself  by 
his  aide,  he  oommenced  a  sort  of  improvised  chant : 

"  'Are  the  heavens  going  to  change  the  hearts  of  ou  old 
men  nowf '  he  chanted,  striking  the  time  with  his  staff: 
" '  Perhaps  so/  the  other  man  answered. 
"  The  choir  now  feU  in,  asserting  that  the  heavens  were 
going  to  change  the  hearts  of  their  people,  when,  sud- 
denly, the  curtain  was  drawn  aside^  and  the  young  chief, 
arrayed  in  a  beautiftd  suit^  stepped  forward  with  very 
graceful  movements,  struck  an  exceedingly  imposing  at- 
titude right  in  ISront  of  me,  saluted  me,  and  then  looked 
up  to  the  bit  of  heaven  showing  through  the  opening  in 
the  centre  of  the  ceiling,  found  in  all  Indian  houses  to  let 
the  smoke  escape  by,  and,  to  my  great  amasement,  instead 
of  dancing,  commenced  to  recite  a  most  beautifU  prayer. 
"  This  is  about  what  he  said,  in  his  own  sonorous,  flow- 
ing language: 

"  '  Pity  us.  Great  Father  in  heaven,  p«y  us.  Give  us 
Thy  good  Book  to  do  us  good,  and  dear  away  our  sins. 
This  chief  has  come  to  tell  us  about  Thee.  It  is  good, 
Great  Father.  We  want  to  hear.  Who  ever  came  to 
teU  our  others  Thy  wiUI  No— no.  But  this  chief  has 
pitied  us,  and  come.  He  has  Thy  Book.  We  will  hear. 
We  will  receive  Thy  Word.    We  will  obey.' 

"  Then  he  started  a  plaintive  chant,  sounding  almost 
like  a  hymn.  It  was  an  improvisation  of  how  the 
Heavenly  CMef  had  taken  pily  on  them,  and  sent  the 
white  chief  to  tell  them  the  great  truth.  Every  little 
while,  the  dhoms  would  repeat  what  he  had  sung. 

"He  then  made  a  speedh  to  m^  offering  me  the  glad 
hand  of  his  people. 

"  In  the  afternoon,  the  whole  village  came  to  my  tent  to 
hear  me  preach.  Prominent  among  them  was  an  dd, 
blind  chief  of  the  uppermost  village  on  the  river, 
Skothene  by  name,  who  was  greatly  impressed  by  the 


1 

I 


W»8T  FBUrre  147 

K-^  "^  '"P'*"'  '^^  <**«'  ^^  the  lower  vilLum.  whn 

ud  >!•>,»  i~r^  «<i  "o  that  they  could  pnaerre  it 
«m,  with  (Ll"  ■"  ""^y-  •»«  '»•»  « 

Kinoolith  (the  hIb^  ^4!  «S    Bev.  R  a.  Doolan,  at 
river.    Thta^™"^ir^?it<*«"^°««»<>'the 

B«v   rn^w  fiT  ^         Tomlinaon,  and  later  stUl  by  the 
Jtov.  (now  the  Venerable  Aichdeaoon^  W  wTviiT Jt 


148 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


*.■* 


Am  th«se  aervioes,  aa  weU  aa  the  school,  were  oondnoted 
in  the  native  tongue,  and  aa  Mr.  TogweU  did  not  aeem  to 
be  able  to  make  much  headway  in  his  atudy  of  the 
language,  of  conrae  the  bnrden  of  the  work  continued  to 
reat  on  Mr.  Duncan's  shouldera.  But  the  mere  preaence 
of  a  sympathizing  co-worker,  and  the  encouraging 
worda  and  cordial  sympathy  of  a  good,  earnest,  Christian 
brother,  were  thoroughly  appreciated  by  him,  and  un- 
doubtedly gave  more  strength  than  the  mere  taking  of 
the  burden  of  work  fh)m  his  shoulders  could  have  done. 

What  he  experienced  in  his  solitude,  both  before  this 
time,  and  later  on,  when  disappointments  came  in  his 
work,  when  he  saw  one  or  another  fiOl  back  into  sin,  and 
his  heart  was  failt,  we  can  easily  imagine. 

He  has  himself  told  me,  that  many  a  night,  when  he 
felt  foint  and  discouraged,  he,  before  closing  his  eyes, 
ardenUy  implored  God  to  never  let  him  see  another  day. 

The  Lord  always  hears  the  prayers  of  His  children,  it  is 
said. 

So  He  did  in  this  case.  But  in  His  own  way.  He  did 
not  answer  the  prayer  to  take  His  servant  home  in  his 
sleep.  But  He  heard  it  by  giving  him  greater  strength 
to  do  the  day's  work,  and  by  sending,  now  and  then, 
great  encouragement,  so  that  be  could  plainly  perceive 
that  it  was  the  Lord's  work  he  was  allowed  to  do. 

The  attendance  at  school  this  winter  was  ttom  one 
hundred  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  children,  and  ftom 
forty  to  fifty  adults. 

On  New  Tear's  Day  the  first  school  feast  among  the 
natives  was  held.  Soup,  rice,  and  molasaes  were  served 
to  an  assembly  of  over  two  hundred  and  fifty,  and 
speeches,  singing,  and  games  were  greatly  enjoyed  by  all 
present 

During  the  second  and  third  weeks  of  January,  Mr. 
Duncan  again   caUed  at  the  houses  of  the  different 


FIB8T  FRUITS 


149 


SI?'  !?i*"  ^  *^''^°«'  ^^^  P">«*in«  "wvloei,  now 
Here,  Mid  then  there,  in  order  to  reach  those  who  had  not 
oome  oat  to  hia  regnlar  meetings.  During  this  fortnight, 
the  Gospel  was  thos  preached  to  fourteen  hundred 
Indians,  aU  told.  ««««wi 

The  schoolhonse  now  had  become  too  smaU.  And 
during  the  summer  preparations  were  made  to  erect  a 
building  (76x38)  to  serve  both  as  a  chureh  and  a 
schoolhonse.  For  the  first  time,  the  Indians  themselvea 
contributed  towards  ite  cost,  not  only  by  giving  their 
labour,  but  also  by  direct  contributions  in  the  way  of 
baskets,  carved  spoons,  and  native  dishea,  which  aU 
found  a  ready  market  in  Victoria,  as  curios. 

At  the  first  service  after  the  new  schoolhonse  was 
opened,  in  the  Pall  of  1861,  upwards  of  four  hundred 
Indians  attended,  the  largest  congregation  ever  gathered 
together  up  to  that  time. 

»fr.  Duncan  had,  for  some  time,  carried  on  two 
weekly  meetings  for  those  who  were  candidates  for  bap- 
tism  and  inquirers  for  the  truth.  He  conddered  this  the 
inost  interesting  part  of  his  work,  and  had  the  pleasure 
of  seeing  them  attended  sometimes  by  as  many  as  forty 
earnest  seekers  for  the  eternal  truth. 

In  the  month  of  October,  the  state  of  Mr&  TugweU's 
health  compelled  the  Tugwells  to  give  up  their  work, 
and  return  to  England.  Before  leaving,  Mr.  TngwellT 
on  the  aeth  day  of  July,  1861,  had  the  pleasure  of 
receiving  into  the  church,  by  the  sacrament  of  baptism, 
twenty-three  persons,  fourteen  men,  five  women,  and 
four  children-the  first  fruits  of  the  earnest  and  strenuous 
labours  of  Mr.  Duncan  among  the  Tsimsheans. 

Several  others  came  forward,  asking  baptism,  but,  for 
several  reasons,  mainly  because  they  did  not  seem  ad- 
vanced enough  in  instruction,  they  were  advised  to  wait 
Others,  who  desired  baptism,  and  were  fit  for  itj  were,  at 


1»0  THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 

thta  tliM,  deteiTed  from  tiAlng  th«  (rtep,  by  fcM  of  thdr 

»*•  M  actpUoD,  In  l»pUdiw  tlii»,wliow«  (Wm 
irk«n  ■»  priMt  <rf  Hh,  Chii«h  «ooM  b.  ««lj^  ^^ 

-«e  •nikni,  othcn-llM  wicW-iri  wtnTiSs'iSII? 


XX 

A  CHRISTIAN  VILUGB 

AS  mtlj M 1869,  Mr.  Dnncan  hud  oome  to  the  oon- 
durion  that  If  the  work  he  wm  carrying  on 
"o^"  ^v*  My  permanent  reralti,  it  would  be 

iwoeiiaiy  to  remove  thoee  of  the  Indiana  who  had  become 
•nl^ject  to  the  power  of  the  Owpel,  from  the  evU  Inila- 
enoea  of  the  heathen  homes  and  anrronndinga.  And. 
more  important  still,  be  it  said  to  oar  shame,  was  Itta 
hlM  Judgment,  to  get  them  away  flrom  the  degrading  in- 
floence  of  the  white  people  at  the  Port 

It  could  not  be  expected  that  young  people,  especially, 
eould  remain  steadfiist  in  their  fUth,  and  in  their  ^ 
termination  to  Uve  clean  Christian  lives,  when  they  were 
continually  exposed  to  taunts  and  temptations  on  the  nart 
of  parents  and  relatives. 

He,  tiierefore,  for  quite  a  while  had  contemplated  the 
removal  of  tiiose  who  had  become  interested  in  the  Gospel 
teaching,  to  a  new  home,  where  tiiey  could  start  a  model 
Christian  village^  keep  intoxicating  liquon  entirely  away, 
worridp  God  in  tiieir  simple  manner  without  taunts  fh>m 
sooiliers  or  mockers,  and  observe  the  Sabbath  day,  as  be- 
came true  followers  of  the  White  Christ 

One  day,  on  talking  with  an  old,  venerable  chief,  and 
teUing  him  Uiat  his  object  in  teaching  tiie  childrei  was 

to  m^e  them  good  and  happy,  he  was  surprised  to  hear 
tbe  old  man  echo  his  own  ideas,  by  saying : 

"  WeU,  if  you  want  to  make  tiiem  good  and  happy,  you 
wm  have  to  take  tiiem  away  lh>m  here."  *'*'J''J'"" 

This  remark  gave  him  tiie  courage  to  brooch  the  sub. 

161 


152  THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 

ject  to  those  who  attended  his  aervices,  and.  ftom  this 

cess  ty  of  taking  steps  soon  for  removal  to  the  pioner 
locaJity,  where  they  conld  start  a  viJIage  ottt^oZ 

Wo^  ^'"'*^  ""**  ^'"•^  "^^'^  ''^  friendly  to  the 
Word,  soon  became  convinced  that  this  step  was  neces- 
wry    and  the  question  now  came  to  the  fore,-where 

tTJ^:  ^^^'  ^"^  ^  ''''  **•«  Christian  Sle^JSI 
Two  or  three  different  phices  were  snggested  by  his  adher 
en^  bnlj  npon  examination  of  them,  Mr.  DnnL  cJme  to 
the  conclusion  that Metlakahtla,' situate seventeenmilS 
sonth  of  the  Fort,  where  these  same  tribes  haS  SS  SS 

'•  A  narrow,  placid  channel,  studded  with  little  Dromontori«i 
and  pretty  islands.  A  rich  verdure,  a  wavinfffS^  W^^ 
by  lofty,  but  denselywooded.  mountiins  AitaLtSS^ 
broken  0^7  by  the  cries  of  flocks  of  happy  bWs  flying  ov«' 
or  the  ir-ore  musical  note  of  some  little  wffier  nm  al  haSd!" 

What  especially  commended  it  to  Mr.  Duncan  was 
the  splendidly  protected  harbour,  the  fine  beach,  furnish- 
ing  an  excellent  landing-place  for  the  canoes,  and  the  fact 
that  portions  of  land  on  many  of  the  promontories  had 

M»  ^'  °rigi^y  Mr.  Duncan's  plan  to  send  Mr.  and 
^  TugweU  to  Metlakahtla,  to  take  charge  of  the  new 
^ttlement,  while  he  was  to  remain  at  Fort  sLpson,  ml 
toke  trips  around  to  the  different  settlement8,^d  thus 
win  a  greater  number  of  recruits  for  the  cans?  whom  he 


•Metlakahtla  means  "an  inlet  with  an  ontlet. 
niag paraltol  with  Ih.  nMhore,"  »  «' tJmmgh 


'or  "an  ialatmn* 


A  CHRISTIAN  VILLAGE  153 

coald  from  time  to  time  transfer  to  Metlakahtla.  Con- 
traiplating  a  removal  that  year,  he,  during  the  summer, 
r^  *v  ^°f'^'/™i°i»'«  ">e  ground  which  be  had  selected 
for  the  site  of  the  new  village,  but  Mr.  TugweU's  intended 
departure  delayed  the  carrying  out  of  the  project  to  the 
next  spring,  and  of  course  necessitated  Mr.  Duncan  him- 
self taking  charge  of  the  new  settlement 

On  the  14th  of  May,  1862,  everything  waa  in  readiness 
for  the  removal.  The  lai:ge  schoolhonse,  which  had  been 
bmlt  with  such  a  purpose  in  view,  was  taken  down  and 
put  into  a  raft,  and  was  sent  towards  its  destination,  fai 
charge  of  a  number  of  men,  who  were  to  start  the  build- 
lug  of  a  temporary  house  for  Mr.  Duncan,  and  plant 
some  potatoes  at  the  new  location. 

Two  days  after  the  raft  had  started,  a  canoe  from  Vic- 
toria brought  the  sad  news  that  an  epidemic  of  smallpox 
had  broken  out  there.    And,  in  fact,  it  seemed  as  if  ^e 

^^  !?  ^^^^  "'^  P^*«"«  "^^  "^^"^  w  some  of  them 
had  died  on  the  way  up. 

.  w"""^  !?i°^  T^'  ^'-  ^°°<^°  ^^  "tended  to  speak 
SielnH^' '**' '°^*" '^^  AstheshadoVTf 
wn  I  .  T""  "^'^  "P°"  '^«'°'  »>«  f«»t  «tiU  more 
ImpeUed  at  once  to  see  them  and  warn  them.    He  says" 

camp  again  heard  a  warning  ^icT^!' al^Sr  the"  SS 

D^^caX'I'  '""^  *"^  '^^"^  «-«  ^  ^    Mr. 

with'm?!^*'**™?"'''*  "*"***'  °^-  All  that  were  ready  to  «, 
^1  m.n  "P'*^  S.X  canoes,  and  we  numbered  TboJtfiftJ 
™  L^  •J'°""/."''  ^^»dnn.  Many  Indians  were  Lted 
fi«  W'  ""''''•'"i  our  departure  with  solemn  and  anx^JS 
faces.    Some  promused  to  follow  us  in  a  few  days.    The^y 


154 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASBLA. 


!) 


With  me  seemed  filled  with  solemn  joy,  as  we  pushed  oflF,  fed- 
lug  that  their  long-looked-for  flitting  had  actually  commenced 
1  felt  that  we  were  thinning  an  eventful  page  in  the  history  of 
anTblS'  ^^**'  "^^  **""*'y  besought  God  for  His  hdp 

They  arrived  at  their  uew  location  the  next  afternoon 
at  two  o'clock,  and  at  once  set  to  work  with  a  wiU  build- 
ing their  new  homea  Those  who  had  gone  before  had 
already  got  all  the  lumber,  except  some  extremely  heavy 
beams,  carried  to  its  destination,  had  erected  two  tern- 
porary  bouses,  and  planted  fifty  bushels  of  potatoes. 

Every  night,  after  the  day's  work  was  ended,  the  whole 
colony  gathered  on  the  beach,  a  happy  family,  for  sing- 
ing, evening  prayer,  and  devotion. 

Mr.  Duncan  is  a  very  methodical  man.  Before  start- 
ing on  this  new  enterprise,  he  had  drafted  the  following 
rules,  which  every  adult  was  required  to  pledge  himself 
fiiithfUly  to  live  up  to,  before  he  could  become  a  member 
of  this  model  community. 

The  rules  were  simple,  but  definite,  and  pledged  each 
inhabitant : 

(1)  To  give  up  their  "Hallied,"  or  Indian  deviltry. 

(2)  To  cease  calling  in  coiyurers  when  sick. 

(3)  To  cease  gambling. 

(4)  To  cease  giving  away  their  property  for  display. 

(5)  To  cease  painting  their  foces. 

(6)  To  cease  drinking  intoxicating  drinka 

(7)  To  rest  on  the  Sabbath. 

(8)  To  attend  religious  instruction. 

(9)  To  send  their  children  to  school. 

(10)  To  be  clean. 

(11)  To  be  indnstriona 

(12)  TobepeacefU. 

(13)  To  be  liberal  and  honest  in  trada 

(14)  To  buUd  neat  housea 


I 


A  CHRISTIAN  VILLAGE  155 

(IS)    To  pay  the  village  tax. 

Thew  obligations  may  seem  easy  enongh  to  as,  but  when 
we  consider  that  the  first  five  roles  leaUy  required  of 
these  people  the  surrender  of  aU  their  ancient  national 
CTrtoms,  which  had,  for  ages,  not  only  occupied  their 
ttme,  but  had  come  to  be  looked  upon  with  the  venera- 
tion of  religions  rites,  we  can  readUy  understand  that  to 
give  them  up  aU  at  once  would  seem  to  many  of  them 
like  I'  cutting  off  the  right  hand  or  plucking  out  the  right 

But  Mr.  Duncan  had  no  idea  of  making  the  change  an 
ea^  one  for  them.  That  is  not  his  style :  it  was  a  change 
of  heart!  he  wanted.  No  half-hearted  measures  would  do. 
No  compromise  with  the  devil,  or  with  the  heathenish 
past,  could  be  tolerated  for  a  moment 

No  wonder,  therefore,  that  many  quailed  before  the 
sacrifice,  and  deemed  it  too  severe.  But,  strict  as  the 
requirements  were,  they  did  not  deter  those  who  were 
reaUy  in  earnest 

It  was  a  smaU  company  which  started  away  with  Mr. 
Duncan  that  day,  but  what  must  have  been  their  feeUngs 
when  they,  within  a  fortnight,  on  the  6th  day  of  June, 
espied  coming  dashing  down  the  inlet  thirty  canoea 
loaded  with  three  hundred  people,  who  were  comingto 
join  ih^  fortunes  with  the  happy  family,  which  had 
gone  before.  If  there  were  any  feint  hearts  among  the 
pioneers,  would  not  such  a  sight  make  them  ciy  with 

Among  the  new  arrivals  was  almost  the  whole  Kittahn 
tribe,  with  two  chiefik 

TJia  must  have  been  a  great  day  for  Mr.  Duncan.  He 
could  now  plainly  see  that  his  labours  had,  indeed,  not 
been  in  vain.  ' 

But  he  and  his  adherents  were  to  be  sorely  tried. 

The  awfU  smaUpox  plague  soon  tvfter  broke  out,  in  ftiU 


^^*sm&m^mts^^msM. 


IM 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


Mast,  among  the  Indiuia  at  Fort  Simpaon.  More  than 
Ave  handred  of  them  died  from  the  ravages  of  the  feU 
disease,  and,  thoagh  quarantine,  as  strict  as  possible 
under  ihe  circumstances,  was  maintained  at  Metlakahtla, 
the  disease  was  of  course  brought  there,  a^  soon  a  gnat 
number  of  the  newcomers  fell  victims  to  the  plague. 

God's  protecting  hand,  however,  was  ovw  the  com- 
munity, and  only  five  of  the  settiers  in  the  new  village 
died  from  the  plague. 

One  of  this  number  was  Stephen  Byan,  one  of  the 
group  baptized  by  Mr.  Tugwell  the  year  before. 

Mr.  Duncan  gives  a  touching  account  of  his  (Evan's) 
last  days: 

•«  He  died  in  a  most  distressing  condition,  as  far  as  the  body 

r«i"'w'^*[°t^'  *''*^  ^'°"  ^^"J'  one  ''hom  he  loved,  in  a 
httle  lark  hut  on  a  rocky  beach,  just  beyond  the  reach  of  the 
tide,  which  no  one  of  his  relatives  dared  approach,  except  the 
one  who  nursed  hun.  In  this  damp,  lowlVr  distressing  sute, 
suffering  from  the  malignant  disease,  smallpox,  how  cheering 
to  receive  such  words  as  the  following  from  him : 

•"  I  am  quite  happy.     I  find  my  Saviour  very  near  to  me. 

»°J  not  afrajd  to  die.     Heaven  is  open  to  receive  me.     Give 

nfVif  ^^J°  ^-  ^"°*?°-  "*  *°'^  °>e  of  J«"»-  I  have  hold 
Of  the  lad<ter  that  reaches  to  heaven.  All  Mr.  Duncan  uueht 
me,  I  now  kd  to  be  true.'  * 

"  ^Jl?*  *°"''  ***  wanted  carried  to  his  relatives : 
'"  Do  not  weep  for  me.  You  are  poor,  being  left.  I  am 
not  poor  I  am  going  to  heaven.  My  Saviour  is  very  near  to 
me.  Do  all  of  you  foUow  me  to  heaven.  Let  not  one  of  you 
be  wanting.  Tell  my  mother  more  clearly  the  way  of  life.  I 
am  afraid  she  does  not  yet  understand  the  way.    Tell  her  not 

indTv^  STpS:;  r  "*°  «*'  '^'  *°  ^'*-  ^  ^'  °f  °°«  •'««' 

Iirfaed,  one  such  death  was  well  worth  all  the  sacri- 
fices, all  the  loneUness,  which  Mr.  Duncan  had  gone 
through,  and  all  he  was  still  to  go  through.  And  there 
were  to  be  auny,  many  more  such  deaths  at  Metlakahtia. 


XXI 


LEGAIC 

THIS  man,  the  head  chief  of  the  Tsimaheana, 
who,  it  will  be  remembered,  once  sooght  to 
take  Mr.  Duncan's  life,  but  who,  later  on,  at- 
tended school,  and  seined  to  come  under  the  influence 
of  the  Word,  was  not  among  those  who  first  went  to 
Metlakahtla. 

And  this  was  hardly  to  be  expected.  To  no  man  in  all 
the  tribes  would  moving  to  Metlakahtla,  and  becoming  a 
Christian,  mean  so  much  as  to  Legaic. 

Mr.  Duncan  had,  in  his  wisdom,  found  it  necessary  to 
do  away  with  all  chieftainship  among  the  Christian 
Tsimsheana  This,  the  very  foundation  for  their  heathen 
institutions,  must  be  entirely  eradicated  before  a  new 
foundation  could  be  laid.    So,  his  word  was  : 

"  We  recognize  no  chiefs  among  us,  except  those  who 
excel  in  living  upright  Christian  lives,  and  show  that  they 
are  true  sons  of  God." 

At  Fort  Simpson,  Legaic  was  sought,  for  one  purpose 
and  then  another.  He  was  looked  up  to  and  honoured  aa 
the  head  chief  of  the  nation.  At  Metlakahtla,  he  would 
be  as  low  as  the  lowest— no  higher  than  the  lowest,  until  his 
life  showed  that  he  was  a  true  and  exemplary  Christian. 

The  government  of  the  village  was,  and  of  course  had 
to  be,  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Duncan.  He  could  brook  no 
chiefs  beside  him,  certainly  none  above  him. 

The  only  assistants  he  had,  in  the  beginning  of  the  life 
of  the  new  village,  were  twelve  native  constables,  who 
had  to  see  that  peace  was  maintained,  that  no  strangers 

167 


168 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


>fles,  and  sent  him, 

for  a  while,  he 

^  and  consistent 

I  hen,  messengera 


coming  among  them  misbehaved,  and  that  the  people  of 
the  vUlage  lived  propw  Christian  lives.  It  was  their 
daty  to  report  all  misbehavionr  to  Mr.  Danoan. 

Later  on,  the  number  of  constables  was  incieased  to 
thirty,  and  a  village  ooandl  appointed,  the  membership 
varjring  in  number  from  time  to  time.  Each  one  of  these 
oifioials  were  then  given  the  supervision  of  ten  of  the  in- 
habitants, an  amu^^ement  similar  to  the  class  system  in 
tile  Methodist  Ghureh. 

Legaio's  tribe  seemed  to  have  suffered  more,  in  propor- 
tion, than  any  other  from  the  ravages  of  the  smallpox 
epidonic. 

This  visitation  brought  him  to  his  i* 
with  his  fiEunily,  to  Metlakahtia,  wU 
■semed  to  try  hard  to  live  an  ham< 
Cihristian  life.    But,  every  now  f  id 
came  to  him  fran  the  Fort  SimpsoQ  lodi  >?«. 

He  was  wanted  there  for  this  and  fo  lat  When  an 
Indian  had  a  feast,  or  had  built,  or  was  a,  <out  t(  'luild,  a 
new  house,  or  was  to  have  a  potiii&ich,  he  cid  not  feel  that 
the  festivities  were  complete  without  Legate's  picseiKW. 

Legale  once  adced  Mr.  Duncan  what  he  should  do 
about  this.  Whether  he  could  not  go  over  and  help  them 
sometimes.    Mr.  Dnnoui's  answer  was : 

"  No.  You  should  not  go.  You  have  to  be  one  thing 
or  the  other." 

It  was  the  same  old  rule— no  compromise  with  the 
devil ;  no  half-heartedoess. 

After  a  while,  Legaic  got  so  that  he  wanted  to  be 
firiends  with  both  sides,  and  his  talk,  as  reported  to  Mr. 
Duncan,  threatened  to  cause  bad  blood  among  the  people 
at  Metlakahtia. 

Mr.  Duncan  sent  for  him,  and  said  to  him : 

"Legale,  you  had  better  leave  here,  and  go  back  to 
Fort  Simpson.    I  don't  want  you  here.    Yon  are  wear- 


LEGAIC 


159 


ing  the  nuuitle  on  both  shouldera.  You  want  to  serve 
both  Ood  and  the  devil,  and  you  are  doing  the  devil's 
work  here.  You  had  better  leave  here  and  go  back,  for 
your  heart  is  there  with  the  heathen,  and  where  yoa  can 
be  a  chief." 

There  was  nothing  for  him  to  do  after  that  but  to 
leave.  He  knew  Mr.  Dnncan.  But  he  was  a  chief,  a 
great  chief,  and  it  would  never  do  for  him  to  admit  that 
he  had  been  aent  away.  So,  before  he  pushed  tiis  canoe 
o£f  from  the  beach,  he  made  the  crowd  a  little  speech,  in 
which  he  told  them  that  he  had  to  go  away.  That  he 
knew  he  was  doing  wrong,  and  probably  would  be  very 
sorry  for  it  some  time.  But  his  friends  over  there  were 
too  strong  for  him  and  pulled  him  away. 

How  did  these  new  Christians  actf — shrug  their  shoul- 
ders, and  say : 

"  Just  what  I  told  you.  It  is  just  what  I  expected,  that 
he  could  not  stand.    I  am  not  at  all  surprised  "  1 

No.  That  is  the  way  among  majy  Whites,  who  pre- 
tend to  be  good  Christians.    Not  so  these  people. 

As  his  canoe  scraped  against  the  sand,  they  knelt  down 
on  the  beach,  and  prayed  Ood  that  He  would  speak  to 
his  heart,  and  not  allow  him  to  turn  away  from  his 
Heavenly  Father. 

And  then  some  of  them  hastened  to  Mr.  Duncan  to  tell 
him  that  Legaic  had  gone. 

They  must  have  been  surprised  indeed  when  he  an- 
swered them: 

"  Yes,  I  know  it.    I  told  him  to  go." 

Whatf  Send  Legaic  away— the  head  chief!  Not  care 
to  keep  him  in  the  village ! 

A  little  meditation,  perhaps,  made  Mr.  Duncan  grow  a 
head  or  more  in  their  estimation.  But  for  that  he  did  not 
care. 

It  was  late  at  night,  the  third  day  thereafto*,  when 


II 


160 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


Mr.  Danoan  heard  a  knock  at  the  door  of  his  little  cabin. 
When  he  opened  it,  he  fonnd  Legale  staudiug  ontside. 
He  scanned  his  hands  for  a  weapon.  He  was  a  little 
afraid  that  he  had  come  back  in  the  night  for  revenge. 
Bat  he  discovered  nothing.    L^^c'seyea  were  cast  down. 

"What  do  you  want!" 

"  I  want  to  come  in." 

"  What  do  yon  want  here  1 " 

"  I  want  to  talk  with  you." 

"  AU  right    Come  in  then." 

He  looked  dejected,  and  broken-hearted,  and  walked 
and  acted  very  diffidently  and  humbly.  There  was  noth- 
ing of  the  proud  chief  about  him  now  1  When  in  the 
room,  Mr.  Duncan  said  : 

"  So  you  have  come  back  t " 

"  I  have  come  back." 

"•  Why  did  you,  when  I  told  you  to  go  away  t " 

"  Because  I  conld  not  help  it  I  have  not  slept  for 
three  nights.  I  have  come  back  to  say  to  yon :  Tell  me 
what  to  do,  and  I  will  do  it  Tell  me  what  not  to  do, 
and  I  will  not  do  it  There  is  only  one  thing  yon  mnst 
not  tell  me  to  do,  for  I  will  not  do  it." 

"What  is  that?" 

"Do  not  tell  me  to  go  away.  I  tciS  not  do  it,  for  I 
cannot  do  it" 

Impressed  by  his  earnestness,  Mr.  Duncan  allowed 
him  to  come  back,  and  he  now  became  a  tmly  humble, 
earnest  seeker,  and  the  following  year  was  baptized,  to- 
gether with  his  wife  and  only  daughter. 

In  his  baptism  he,  at  his  own  request,  received  the 
name  of  "Paul,"  and  well  might  he,  for  he  proved 
another  "  Sanl  of  Tarsus,"  indeed. 

The  man  who  once  was  ready  to  take  Mr.  Duncan's 
life,  now  became  known,  up  and  down  the  coast,  as  hit 
most  ardent  admirer  and  assistant 


LEGAIC 


161 


Qnoe,  and  only  once,  after  that,  did  he  fail  iu  hin  duty, 
but  Mr.  Duucan  gave  him  then  such  a  good  lesson  that 
be  never  forgot  it : 

The  constables  of  the  village  were  famished  with  a 
cap,  belt  and  cape,  as  badges  of  oflBce. 

Legale,  who  perhaps  in  this  saw  a  distinction  to  make 
up  for  the  loss  of  his  chieftainship,  asked  Mr.  Duncan  if 
he  would  not  appoint  him  a  constable,  and  he  readily 
assented. 

After  a  year  or  more,  when  he  had  found  out  that  the 
office  of  constable  did  not  only  consist  of  wearing  a  cap, 
belt  and  cape,  but  that  there  was  considerable  work 
connected  with  it,  and  sometimes  even  considerable 
danger,  he  came  to  Mr.  Duncan  and  said  he  thought  he 
wonld  give  it  up. 

*'  All  right,"  Mr.  Duncan  said.  "  It  is  wholly  volnn- 
tary,  you  know.  If  you  take  no  interest  in  it,  I'll  not 
have  you." 

Legale  told  him  that  all  the  others  wanted  to  give  it  up 
too. 

"What!" 

Duncan  ordered  him  to  stay  right  where  be  was,  and 
at  once  sent  for  all  the  otho-  constables.  When  they 
had  arrived,  and  were  all  seated  around  the  table  in  his 
office,  he  commenced : 

"I  have  heard  that  some  of  you  are  dissatisfied  with 
your  job,  and  want  to  give  it  np.  If  that  is  so,  I  want 
to  know  it.  I  don't  want  to  force  this  honourable  but 
dangerous  office  upon  any  one.  It  takes  men  with  a 
heart  for  that  business,  and  I  want  no  one  else.  Let  us 
now  hear  from  each  of  you  in  turn.  You — what  do  you 
say  t    Do  you  want  to  give  up  youi  cap  and  belt  t " 

''No,  sir.  I  don't  want  to.  I  never  thought  of  soch  a 
ching." 

"And  you,  sir!" 


169 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


"No. 

And  ao  all  uronnd  to  sine  of  them. 

The  tenth,  who  belonged  to  Legaic's  tribe,  Mid : 

«I  have  poor  health,  sir.  Sometimea  great  atrengtii 
and  endurance  are  required  to  discharge  the  dnties  of  the 
office.  I  don't  think  I  have  that  strength,  and  some- 
times  I  have  thought  of  giving  it  up." 

"All  right,  sir.  Tou  are  right  Your  health  Is 
rather  poor,  and  I  think  myself  it  may  be  the  best  thing 
for  you  to  make  place  fur  another  man." 

liie  eleventh  answered  a  definite  "  No." 

"Now,  as  to  yon.  Legale,— I  will  not  ask  yon.  I 
want  to  say  to  yon,  sir,  that  you  cannot  be  a  constable 
any  longer.    I  want  your  cap,  belt,  and  cape  at  once." 

A  couple  of  months  later,  Legaic's  wife  came  around 
and  told  Mr.  Duncan  that  he  would  like  very  much  to 
get  back  on  the  force.  He  evidently  missed  the  authority 
and  distinction. 

"No.  Tell  your  husband  that  he  has  given  it  up 
once,  and  never  can  be  a  constable  again  as  long  as  he 
lives." 

IT' is  humiliation  he  took  like  a  Christian,  and  never 
expressed  any  dissatisfaction  with  Mr.  Duncan's  de- 
cision. 

For  several  years  he  supported  himself  and  family  by 
working  as  an  humble  carpenter,  and  whenever  he  could 
say  a  word  for  the  Master,  who  had  conquered  his  proud 
and  savage  heart,  he  did  not  fail  so  to  do. 

In  1864,  he  and  Glah  were  present  with  Mr.  Duncan  at 
a  meeting  in  the  Indian  camp  at  Fort  Simpson. 

After  Mr.  Duncan  had  spoken,  an  old  man  got  up  and 
said  that  he  had  come  too  late  to  do  the  old  people  any 
good ;  that  had  he  come  sooner,  when  the  first  white 
traders  came,  the  Tsimsheans  would  long  ago  have  been 
good  ;  but  they  had  been  allowed  to  grow  up  in  sin,  and 


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nww:  riMtimaoo 

Fw:71C 


•  1M8.AppMkiiigi.lne..M 


4S 


^. 


** 

^ 


f 


> 


LEGAIC 


108 


BOW  thdr  Hm  vm  w  deeply  laid  that  th^  ooald  not 
eoaoge. 

Mp.  DaneM  wm  abont  to  riae  to  answer  the  old  man. 
wben  be,  to  his  surprise,  noticed  that  Legale  had  alnady 
■prang  to  his  feet,  and  with  great  fervour  said  : 

"I  am  a  chief, -a  Tsimshean  chief.  You  know  I 
hsve  been  bad,  very  bad,-as  bad  asany  man  hera.  I 
have  grown  up,  and  grown  old  in  sin.  But  God  baa 
changed  my  heart,  and  He  can  change  yours.  Think 
not  to  excuse  yourselves  in  yoor  sins  by  saying  you  are 
too  old^r  too  bad,  to  mend.    Nothing  is  impossible  with 

In  1869,  whUe  on  the  way  down  from  Nass  River,  he 
rss  suddenly  taken  ill  at  Port  Simpson. 

-„T?^^^1  *T°*®  *»°^*°o«J  that  he  could  not  Uve,  ha 
■ent  the  following  note  to  Mr.  Duncan : 

"  DiAR  Sm : 

minH    "i'.r"S*u?  "**  J^"-     '  ■'*«y»  remember  you  in  mv 

Hff  i.rilf  °'  «PWen>ic  was,  at  the  time,  prevalent  at 
MeUakahtla,  making  it  impossible  for  Mr.  Duncan  to 
leave,  though  a  second  and  third  message  came  in  quick 

completed  when  the  Father  called  him  home : 
"MyDiarSir: 

Hew  the  pen  had  fUlen  fh>m  the  dying  man's  hand. 


164 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


. 


11 


This  WM  the  death  of  Legsic,  onoe  the  mortal  enemy 
of  Bfr.  Duucau,  aud  of  the  holy  caoie  he  represented. 

His  life  is  not  diCTerent  from  that  of  many  others  of  the 
Indians  who  found  a  happy,  blessed  end,  thanks  to  the 
soUioe  of  the  Gospel,  which  Mr.  Dnncan  had  brought  to 
them  at  such  sacrifice,  and  with  such  infinite  labour. 

It  is  only  his  one-time  prominent  position,  and  the  faet 
that  he,  in  order  to  become  a  Christian,  had  to  give  up  so 
much  more  than  many  of  the  others,  that  entitles  him  to 
•uy  special  meutioa. 


XXII 

ONWARD  AND  UPWARD 

THE  baildiDg  op  of  the  little  village  now  proceeded 
at  a  rapid  gait 
Before  the  Fall  of  1862,  thirty.flve  hooaee. 
•veraging  34x18,  and  each  with  foar  windows,  had 
teen  erected.  Governor  Donglas  hinuelf  gave  the 
windows  and  the  uails  for  the  buildings. 

Mr.  Duncan  had  built  a  log  hoose  for  himself,  contain- 
ing a  sitting-room,  a  kitchen  and  a  bednwui,  provided 
with  two  bnnks,  so  he  even  was  in  a  position  to  enter- 
tain an  occasional  gneet. 

He  had  also,  dnring  the  Summer  ami  Fall,  erected,  in 
Ume  to  be  able  to  use  it  for  the  flrat  time  for  the  Christ- 
mas services  in  1862,  a  lai^,  octagonal  church.  There 
were  two  rearing  fires  in  the  centre,  the  smoke  finding  its 
way  up  through  an  opening  in  the  middle  of  the  roof,  In- 
dian fashion.  The  building  had  no  flooring,  the  peiple 
sitting  on  the  bare  gravel  floor.  It  conid  easily  hold  seven 
hundred  people,  and  soon,  as  more  and  more  eveiy  year 
came  to  live  at  Metlakahtla,  it  was  often  taxed  to  its  ut- 
most capacity. 

Both  of  these  buildings  were,  later  on,  torn  down  to  give 
ptaoe  to  the  magnificent  Mission  House.  Unfortunately, 
there  are  no  photographs  in  existence  of  the  two  pionee^ 
buildings  at  "old  "  Metlakahtla. 

From  its  beginning,  Metiakahtia  became  known  for  ita 
ngidobservationofthe  Sabbath  day.  It  was  the  flnt  duty 
imposed  by  Mr.  Duncan  on  the  Indhuis,  in  hia  very  fitrt 

166 


106 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


•ddNM  to  them,  and  he  had  alwaja  continoed  to  iraM 
that  it  is  a  Chriatiau's  foremoat  dnty  to  keep  the  Sabbath 
day  holy,  to  do  no  aecalar  work  on  that  day,  but  to  de- 
vote it  entirely  to  worriiip  and  reat 

The  MetlakahtU  ludiana,  the  name  nnder  which  hia 
people  soon  b'NMune  known  all  over  the  ooaat,  not  only 
obaerved  Sanday  rigoronaly  when  at  home,  which  they 
coold  not,  of  ionne,  very  weU  help,  bat  wherever  they 
went,  and  no  matter  how  great  the  temptation  might  be^ 
they  were  true  to  their  convictions,  and  not  only  ab- 
■tained  fit>m  all  labour,  but  made  it  a  point  to  gather 
around  the  Word  every  Sunday. 

Biihop  Hills,  in  1863,  after  meuUoning  the  excitement 
attending  the  short  fishing  season,  and  the  importance  of 
every  hoar's  work  while  it  lasts,  writes : 

"But  what  did  the  Christian  Indians  do  when  the  Sunday 
came  ?  The  first  Sunday  of  their  fishing  season,  as  Christians, 
although  the  fish  had  come  up  in  greater  abundance  than  ever, 
and  the  season  was  so  short,  the  Christians  said : 

«  <  We  cannot  go  and  fish.' 

"The  heathen  were  full  of  excitement,  gatberina  in  the 
spoils,  but  the  Christians  said  : 

"  '  No,  we  are  God's  people.  God  will  provide  for  us.  and 
we  will  spend  the  day  as  He  tells  us  to  do.'  ^' 

Mr.  Duncan  relatea  an  interesting  incident,  which  took 
place  some  years  later  : 

Captain  Butler,  who  was,  at  the  time,  superintend- 
ing the  building  of  the  telegraph  lines  through  the  Inte- 
rior of  British  Columbia,  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company,  and  who  was  in  a  great  hurry  to  get  a  ship- 
ment of  wire  and  other  supplies  up  to  the  large  squad  of 
workmen  in  the  Interior,  who  would  all  be  idle  till  the 
materials  reached  them,  came  to  Mr.  Duncan  to  ascertain 
if  he  could  furnish  him  some  men  to  take  the  sopplios  up 
the  Skeena  Biver  in  their  canoes,  Just  as  fiyit  as  it  coold 


ONWARD  AND  UPV/ARD  ifr 

p-dWyfc^done,  whenever  the  mteriiU.  dioald  .iTiteoD 

"  Yei,"  Mr.  Duncan  Mid.     "  I  can  get  yon  the  men. 
JJ^d^enr  «ll.hle  men  at  that,  but  t^lm  ^Jj^i 

" That  ta  too  bad.    We  are  in  snch  a  hurry.    Wehave 
•    large   force  lying  idle  at  the  ComiH^J's  exLal 
Every  day  ooet.  a  email  fortune.    But^t  me  tCtyl 
four  men  and  four  canoes  anyway."  ^ 

hJIian"!^*"'*-    1^'"'"  *^  ~P***°  «»°»«  b«ek  with 
hta  «nall  steamer,  they  were  ready.    The  steamer  wa. 

.i^w  '^^V^  *^"°^  belonging  to  some  Indians,  whom 

Dnu^ntid^"^'     ^- »>«--«  by  MetlakahV  Mr. 

them  n'ow  "TJJ'"  "'^'^P***"  ^'""'^-^J-  "  I  don't  need 
mem  now.  I  have  got  enough  Indiami  with  me  who  will 
work  on  Sunday,  and  every  other  day  » 

Kiver  with  his  steamer  and  canoes. 

The  Indians,  aggravated  at  his  conduct,  sought  Mr. 
Duncan's  advice  as  to  what  to  do 

I  "u!i**"'  '^  u"^  ^'*"'"  ^'•'  ^°"*»°  answered,  "and  has 
tr"^  y°°  by  passing  you  by.  You  had  better  JaddS 
your  canoe,  the  twenty  miles,  and  tell  him  you  are^^ 
to  go  to  work,  as  you  agreed."  ^ 

They  did  so.  It  was  a  good  thing  for  Butler,  for  when 
h?sTo!::?r  T^  bis  canoes  up  the  river  he  fl^S 
Tblvh^  T  "°^  ^^^'y  other-day"  Indians  all  gona 
They  had  only  wanted  to  get  their  canoes  towed  up  wy- 
Zl^t  *il5  ""^^^  P"»tense  of  getting  huffy  at  some  treat- 
m^t  by  some  of  his  men,  they  had  all  left  him  inThe 
M^Ji-wSf  7^/berefore,  more  than  glad  to  take  the 
MeUakahthi  Indians,  under  the  circumstances. 


168 


THE  APOfin.E  OF  ALASKA 


v\ 


He  had  some  boats  tuauned  by  white  soilon,  and  hs 
sUrt««l  them  all  together  oiie  Hatnrday  at  noon. 

When  Hunday  came,  the  ludiotM  reftued  to  proceed, 
and  tied  ap  their  caiiues  for  the  day  on  the  river  bouk. 
Be  ooaxed  and  threatcued,  bot  it  did  iiot  help.  Then  the 
sailors  commenced  to  taunt  and  ridicule  them,  knowing 
the  Indians'  weaknesH  on  that  point  But  they  stood  by 
their  guns,  stayed  and  held  their  little  meeting,  while  the 
white  sailors  pulled  on  their  oars. 

Monday  morning  they  started  in  afresh,  and,  before 
Tuesday  noon,  they  came  up  with  the  white  sailors,  and 
shot  post  them  like  a  streak  of  lightning.  Now  it  was 
their  turn  to  laugh  and  taunt  They  riiouted  to  the 
sailors  that  they  would  tell  their  friends  that  they  would 
be  coming  along  by  and  by. 

Captain  Butler,  later  on,  had  to  ocknowlctlge  that  these 
Indians  were  the  brat  and  most  reliable  men  be  ever  had 
to  deal  with,  and  that  thi'y  always  managed  to  get  ahead 
of  those  who  worked  on  Sundays. 

After  that,  he  always  tried  to  get  Metlakahtla  Indiana 
whenever  he  could. 

New  Year's  Day,  1863,  the  people  of  Metlakahtla  were 
to  pay  their  first  annual  village  tax,  to  wit :  one  blanket, 
or  92.60,  for  every  adult  male,  and  one  shirt,  or  91.00,  for 
boys  approaching  manhood.  The  proceeds  were  to  be 
used  towards  village  improvements;  that  year  for  the 
building  of  a  road  around  the  village. 

Of  one  hundred  and  thirty  amenable  to  the  tax  levy,  only 
ten  defaulted,  and  they  were  excused  on  account  of  poverty. 

The  total  proceeds  of  the  tax  collection  was  one  green, 
one  blue,  and  ninety-four  white  blankets,  one  pair  of 
white  trousers,  one  dressed  elk  skin,  seventeen  shirts,  and 
seven  dollars. 

It  is  evident  that  there  were  no  tax-dodgers  at  Mrtla- 
kahtla. 


ONWARD  AND  UPWARD  loo 

A«  to  the  wpiritual  condition  Bl-ut  IIWh  time  Mr.  Dnnoui 
wrote  the  Church  MiitNiunary  Ho.  leiy  as  followB: 

••About  four  hun.lre«l  lo  six  hunilrni  muU  attrnd  divine 

dX«r?ai!.'"  TT*  "1"^  "•  bring  governed  by  Christian  and 
c  viliie.1  laws.     About  aeveiity  a«tulis  and  twenty  children  are 

an^l  «,„,«  them.  About  one  hundred  children  are  attending 
iLn^^f  '^■•r''  ■"''  °"«  hundred  a<lult»  the  evening  Sk»L 
hJ^       r^"'^y°"'^«  "«'"  '""''^  fo'"'"'  themielve.  into  two 

^il  ""  ""*'  '•*'  ''"y*"*"  »"'^  exhorting  each  oth.  r. 
I«„n  I  .k""""'"-'"^°'  ••"  me«licine-men,  which  have  spell- 
boun.l  their  nation  for  ages,  have  found  their  way  into  my 
house,  and  are  most  willingly  and  cheerfully  given  up.  ThJ 
dark  ami  cruel  mantle  of  heathenism  ha.  bi«5  rent,  i^  it  can 
never  be  made  whole. 

••Fe.ists  are  now  characterised  by  order  and  good- will,  and 
begin  and  end  with  the  offering  of'thanks  to  the  Giver  of  S 
goat  gifts.  Scarcely  a  soul  remains  away  from  divine  service 
excepting  the  sick,  and  their  nurses.  Evening  famHy  devS 
tions  are  comm<»n  in  almost  every  house,  and,  better  than  all. 
L.T  TK  •'^u"'"'  n,any  have  exi«rience.l  a  real  change  of 
HfJL  .u  *  »""o«'"«'nK  tril)es  have  now  a  model  village 

Wore  them,  acting  as  a  powerful  witness  for  the  truth  of  the 

hTir  h^„  I!11"*!k"''  '=°'T'\"«'  y^'  "•'"  "P'ivating.  them,  for 
in  It  they  see  those  good  things  which  they  and  their  fore- 
fathers have  sought  and  laboureil  for  in  vain  ;  to  wit— peace 

FaS'iidglSyl'^""'^'  '"'  "'•«'«••     '''*'  ««^  ^  -^^hi 

In  April,  1863,  Bishop  Hills,  of  Columbia,  came  op 
from  Victorin  to  baptize  fifty-seven  adults. 

Before  admitting  them  to  the  holy  sacrament,  he  ex- 
amiiied  the  applicants  carefully.  He  says  about  this 
part  of  the  work: 

^  u'^*  u"  f  strange,  yet  intensely  interesting  sight  in  the  loe 
cabin,  by  the  dim  glimmer  of  a  small  lamp,  to  see  just    hf 

^ke  of  the  b  essetlness  of  prayer,-«t  other  times  with  down- 
cast melancholy,  as  he  smote  upon  his  breaM  in  the  reciul  of 


^  i| 


170 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


tHJ^^nf'  ..T^•  }*^y  *"*•  ••«  »»«S»»  cheek  bonct.  th« 
ItoMy,  jet  Mmck.  tluwing  hair,  the  dark  gkwy  eyr,  llic  nuwly 
brow,  were  a  picture  worthy  the  |irncil  of  an  anix.  The 
night  waH  col,|_|  ha.l  otca»M.iully  to  Hk-,  ami  walk  about  for 
warmth— yet  there  were  more.  The  Indian  uaually  retires,  as 
he  ri«e..  with  the  »un ;  but  now  he  would  turn  night  into  day, 

'ti:iS.:i!o^^Js7^  *«  •  »•-'*  ^•^  •*«»•■  -^ »« ^^-^  s 

It  is  I'zivediiigly  iuteresliug  to  rvtuA  tlie  biahop*i  de< 
Mription  of  the  church,  aud  of  the  prvnaratiouK  for  the 
bilpthuu  : 

"Thp  iinpreasivenaa  of  the  occasion  was  manifest  in  the 
devout  ai.d  reverent  ii....mer  of  all  pre>«nt.  There  were  no 
Mternal  aid».  MMnetiiiiex  diought  necessary  for  the  savage  miod. 
to  produce  or  increase  the  Moleinnity  of  the  Kene. 

••  I  he  buihling  is  a  bare,  unfinished  octagon  of  logs  and 
•P""-!!  !~'*  »wrn-ca,Nible  of  containing  seven  hundred  per- 
S!i1h«  "«f  *«•  jwrtly  open  at  the  top,  and  though  the 
weather  »^.  hiiII  cold,  there  was  no  fire.  A  simple  table, 
covered  with  a  white  cloth.  u|K>n  which  stood  th/ee  hand* 
Usins  of  water,  serve.!  for  the  font,  an<i  I  officiate.!  in  a  sur- 
plice.  Huis,  there  was  nothing  to  impress  the  senses,  no 
colour  or  ornament,  or  church  decoration,  or  music.  ITie 
solemnity  of  the  scene  was  producei!  by  the  earnest  sincerity 
and  serious  purpose  with  which  these  chiKlren  of  the  Far  We« 

r»^.r'if^!i  1°  """^  '!««'»'»^'''«  'o  «od.  and  to  renounce  for- 
ever the  hateful  sins  an.l  cruel  deeds  of  their  heathenisin.  And 
the  solemn  stillness  was  broken  only  by  the  Lreath  of  prayer 
I  he  responses  were  ma.le  with  earnestness  and  decision  Not 
«..  Ill"'  1"*'  *"  lh«!«  *hose  lips  di.1  not  utter,  in  their  own 
Mpje*«vc  tongue,  their  hearty  readiness  to  believe  and  to  serve 

Among  those  baptized  on  tliis  occasion  w:ta  Legale,  the 
head  chief,  uu  account  of  whose  life  aud  death  was  given 
in  the  foregoing  chapter. 

When  it  has  been  said,  In  a  publication  produced  under 
the  Church  Missionary  Society's  auspices,  that  this  ab- 
■ence  of  all  "exterual  aids"  to  devotion  was  the  i«milt  of 


i\ 


ONWARD  AND  UPWARD  in 

or  a  wilAU  penrenion  of  fkota.  ^^ 

•V--«  moit  IntolefMt  opponent  of  ererythlM  oren 

which  h.  Urn  juiythJug  to  da    Emy  .er^lce  hT  to  S 
M  riforoudy  simple  sod  auonteataUoo.  «.  it  1.  poMlWe 

cha,«h  r^lllH,  like  bowing  to  the  E«t,  J?  LTiL£> 
ontochnmen.  kneel  belbn,  the  o«cl.li„;  olen^tS,,^ 
befune  any  one  bnt  Ood.  He  .Imply  would  S^i  it 
M  he  once  expnweU  hlmwlf  to  me : 

takahtla.    So  it  had  to  be  the  wny  I  wanted  it,  or  not  nt 

thiy^J*"**  '"?''  *''•  ^°~°'  ««  ""dlly  affirm  that 
JW-^pIctn«.  plated  by  himmdf,  1.  not  the  4rt  bUaZ 

menUl  to  the  Indian  to  allow  oen,mon?«rrit^,tS; 

^Z^^^T  "^"^'""^  to  be  a  part?f  i^in^i^B 
devotion,  for  the  reawn  that  he  feels  aasored  thi.  Z 
that ««,  these  outward  elements  would  ZTt^S^ 

the  loving  arms  of  Jesus,  the  blessed  Saviour. 
It  may  atao  at  this  place  be  said,  that  aa  much  as  he 

J««  aa  ooidiaUy  ia  he  opposed  to  emotlonalitti,  and,  ftom 


111 


179 


THE  AltXTriJi:  OF  AI^8KA 


Um  mrlicit  Umfli,  h«  Ium  dUwuaruged,  m  luuch  u  1m 
could,  any  phaw  of  religion,  wbicli  would  putioolarlv 
•ddiMH  itmlt  to  Um  emutiouii  of  the  iwtlvca.  W'th  biai 
it  la,  MQ<J  mniA  be,  ouuvictiou,  fiUlh  and  pracUrc,  and 
nothing  elae. 

In  his  wruiona,  it  ia  the  btud  be  addrenea,  niber  than 
tbe  bmrt  And  yet  be  can  aonteUnus  be  tm  tender  as  a 
wonuui. 

Tbe  biidiop,  before  be  lett,  on  Uio  ocnulou  mentioned 
jUMt  before  tbia  digreiMiou,  giive  a  foust  of  rioe  and  mo- 
iMMB  to  all  tbe  village. 

HIa  dfaeription  will  giv«  a  new  idea,  botb  of  tbeir 
waya,  and  of  tbeir  aoeonipliabmeuta.    lie  nyi : 

"  They  a«embled  in  tl. e  octagon.  Cloth,  were  laid.  Ther 
all  brought  their  own  dishn  and  spoons.  There  were  three 
Ubies,  at  each  of  which  one  of  Ihcir  chiefs  presided.  Their 
custom  IS  to  eat  little  at  the  time,  but  to  take  away  the  princi- 
pal  part  of  the  allotted  portion.  •«  prina 

"  All  rise,  before  ami  after  the  meal,  for  grace.  Singing  wu 
then  introduced,  and  excellent  certainly  were  the  strains  of 
harmony  poured  forth  in  the  English  language.  Several  well- 
*"^1_ rounds  were   capiuUy  sung.     First,    a  boat  song; 

"  •  When  a  weary  task  you  fcnd  it. 
Persevere  aiul  never  mind  it' 
Then:— 

"  •  Come  tell  me  now,  sweet  little  bird, 
Who  decked  thy  wings  with  gold  ? ' 
and  last: — 

"/God  «ve  the  Queen.'  In  'his  they  were  as  quick  and 
Iivdv  as  any  chddren  in  the  world,  the  men  joining  too.  in 
fS^^lT'lf  *"h  voice,  sweet  and  soft.  Mr.  Duncan 
afterwards  addressed  them  in  an  earnest  speech." 

Six  montba  later,  tbe  Rev.  R  J.  Dnndaa  came  to  Met- 
tekabtla,  for  tbe  purpose  of  baptizing  thirty-nine  mora 
adults  and  thirteen  diildren. 


ONWARD  AND  UPWARD  m 

In  1868,  lh«  bUbop  again  rWtod  the  MtUemeDU  and 
tbeu  baptiiwl  aiziyflre  adolU  oo  WhllMiiiday.  Ami 
iu  Bepteinber  of  tb«  fuilowlng  year,  the  deau  of  Cbriiit'a 
Chuffh,  Victoria,  Mr.  Dunonu'ii  old  and  beloved  ft-iend, 
tbe  Rev.  E.  Crid|{i>,  cum«  up,  atayed  for  aareral  wwka, 
•ud  baptiied  ninety  aiz  adulta,  and  eigbteen  cbildren. 

Thua,  tbe  good  work  continued.  Alnioat  every  yenr, 
from  now  on,  an  iucreaaiug  number  were  baptiied.  Aud 
every  New  Yeur'a  Day,  a  largo  number  of  m'W  ooloniata 
were  iolemuly  admitted  to  tbe  privilegea  of  tbe  Cbriitiaa 
oumiuuuity.    In  aume  yearn  over  one  bundred  Joined. 

Iu  tbis  eoiinei^tiou  it  may  be  aaid  tbat  Dean  Cridge,  on 
his  viait  to  Metlakobtla,  by  bia  cbarming  CbriatUn  dia- 
position,  completely  won  tbe  bearta  of  tbe  Indiana,  who, 
■fter  tbia,  looked  upon  him  aa  their  beat  friend,  next  to 
Mr.  Duncan. 

Tbia  waa  made  apparent,  when  Biahop  Hilla,  aeverml 
ycara  Iat««r,  wrote  to  Mr.  Duncan  that  he  inteuded  anin 
to  visit  MetlakahUa. 

Some  time  prior  thereto,  the  biahop  had  had  a  flUling- 
out  with  Dean  Cridge,  which  occurred  in  this  way : 

A  aacerdotal  and  ritualistic  priest  of  the  extreme  high 
^ing  of  the  Church  had  one  day,  at  the  bishop's  invita- 
tion, preached  in  Christ's  Church  in  Victoria.  He  gave 
fUl  vent  to  his  extreme,  fiiddish  notions,  a  matter  of  bad 
tMte,  to  say  the  least,  as  it  was  well  known  hat  the  dean 
was  an  extreme  low-chnrchman. 

After  the  sermon,  the  dean  announced  that  never 
again,  as  long  as  he  was  dean  of  Christ's  Church,  should 
inch  a  sermon  be  delivered  in  that  church,  an  announce- 
ment which  waa  received  by  the  congregation  with  a 
round  of  applause. 

The  bishop,  who  was  present,  went  into  a  paroxysm  of 
rage,  and  not  only  roundly  abused  the  dean  in  the  vestry, 
after  the  service,  but  even  went  to  the  extent  of  having 


174 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


him  proaecnted  before  an  eodesiasUoal  court,  on  the 

!!!f.°^.u"5"''"°«  *"  chnrch,"  a  pitwecntion  which 
ended  in  the  bishop  taking  away  his  Uoense. 

The  resnit  of  this  abominable  treatment  of  Dean  Cridmj 
was  that  not  only  he,  bnt  almost  his  whole  congregaUon. 
left  Christ's  Church,  and  joined  the  "  Refonn«l  Episco- 
pal Church,  which  Utter  church  soon  afl^r  recognized 
his  eminent  qualificaUons  by  making  him  a  bishop.  This 
high  office  he,  to  this  day,  at  the  advanced  age  of  ninety 
years,  still  flUs  with  that  true  Christian  lo7e  and  evan- 
gelical zeal  for  which  he  always  has  been  noted. 

When  the  bishop's  message  came  to  Mr.  Duncan,  he. 
who  knew  of  the  Indir^ns'  feelings  in  regard  to  the  troublo 
between  the  bishop  and  Dean  Cridge,  thought  it  best  to  lay 
the  matter  before  a  meeting  of  his  church,  and  to  ask  the 
Indians  what  answer  they  wanted  him  to  give  the  bishop. 
It  did  not  take  the  Indians  long  to  come  to  the  con- 
elusion  that  they  wanted  Mr.  Duncan  to  write  the  bishop : 
Let   the  bishop  first  become  reconciled  with  Mr. 
Cridge,  and  then  he  may  come  to  Metlakahtla." 
The  letter  was  sent,  but  no  bishop  came. 
The  Indian  Christians  at  Metlakahtla  showed  plainly 
enough,  by  their  action  at  this  time,  that  they  were  not 
persons  with  cringing  knees,  even  before  the  highest 
church  dignitaries ;  but  reserved  their  Christian  privilege 
to  insist  upon  Christian  conduct  and  disposition,  even  in 
the  princes  of  the  Chureh. 

This  declaration  of  independence  on  their  part  should 
have  given  fair  warning  to  theSociety,  and  tothe  Church, 
^at  they  were  not  to  be  oppressed  by  any  hierarchical  dom- 
ination. But  it  was  not  heeded,  as  will  hereafter  be  made 
apparent  In  fact,  it  is  not  unlikely  that  their  open  and 
frank  avowal,  at  this  time,  was  at  least  one  of  the  causes 
of  the  persecution,  on  the  part  of  the  Chnroh  and  State, 
to  which  they  would  some  day  find  themselves  sutfjecte^ 


XXIII 


TEMPORAL  ADVANCEMENT 


G^^T^",^;"''  ''^*'  ^«  ^^'  when  He  placed  a 

come  a  Christian  do^  not  m^hin'l?l7°-    J"*^' 

a  more  skiUfal  fisherman.     In  othe^wo^r^n  ""^''.^^ 
dustry  is  nrovidpil  f«r  !..•.„  u-    •      ''o™^  «  no  new  in- 

his  old,  dirty  bl^klt^  T°*^  ^^  »  ^«»«»en, 
trotted  an>a„d  o^  Il^re^'C'^T^^hrh:'.:^  "^^ 
<Jw«,  and  the  chiM-n    ,    ^'^^^*^«q««d  a  civilized 

?f «.f  r,f ':^^  r«,ro„^  „tc  ""■  ""^ 

«onw«  of  i„amJ^"i^'  ^"'  "*  to  Of"  to  Um  new 

and  on  the  chnrch     nJ^/  ™*  ^  >"""■«<«. 

•-i-g  bail,,  n^^  ^^Z^'  "T!  "■'<■"  '^^ 

-"-.oin.  Of .  p„b«c  g«r  b::^ir.^  .t;°:c' 

175 


176 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


visiting  Indians  could  be  Loused  while  staying  at  the  vil< 
lage  for  trading  purposuti. 

One  hundred  garden  plots  were  also  laid  out  on  a 
neighbouring  island,  where  some  of  the  old  villages  bad 
been  located,  and  distributed  among  the  villiigers,  who 
thus  were  enabled  to  raise  all  the  potatoes  they  needed 
for  household  use. 

They  were  also  encouraged  in  preparing  suited  and 
smoked  salmon,  oolakan  givuse,  and  dried  berries,  for  ex- 
portation to  Victoria,  and  Mr.  Duncan  made  it  a  point  to 
exhort  them  to  extraordinary  efforts  to  secure  fura  of  all 
kinds. 

After  a  while,  he  started  a  soap  factory  among  them, 
at  which  cheap  soap  was  manufactured  from  the  oolakan 
grease,  an  industry  which  gave  steady  employment  to 
several  people. 

But,  in  order  to  get  rid  of  their  articles  for  export,  and 
to  obtain  the  necessities  of  life,  outside  of  what  the  ocean 
Airnished  them,  the  Methikahtla  Indians  were  either 
obliged  to  go  to  Fort  Siuiixson  to  trade  with  the  Company's 
agents,  or  encourage  the  visits  of  trading  sehoouers,  who 
were  at  the  time  ''  a  visitation  indeed  "  of  the  coast. 

To  go  to  Fort  Simpson  exposed  them  to  the  very  temp- 
tations from  which  Mr.  Duncan  had  wanted  to  remove 
them,  when  he  took  them  to  Metlakahtla.  Several  of  his 
people,  to  his  sorrow,  while  going  to  the  Fort  to  trade, 
had  fallen  victims  to  the  temptations  there  so  freely  thrust 
upon  them. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  trading  schooners  were  prac- 
tically nothing  but  grog-shops,  and  their  visits  to  the  set- 
tlements of  the  Indians  were  only  too  frequently  marked 
by  murder,  and  tlie  very  maddest  of  riots. 

Mr.  Duncan,  therefore,  soon  ufter  coming  to  Metlakahtla, 
made  an  earnest  effort  to  have  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany open  a  store  in  the  village  where  the  Indians  could 


I 


TEMPORAL  ADVANCEMENT  177 

exchange  their  furs  aud  other  nrodueo   n.»i  «k*»i      , 
return  .hen,f„,.,  „.„  ^^^J'^^'^l  "^5.^^ 

Tll«  oii.y  coudilloM  bo  impoBod  were  tllut  n^7n.„., 

«t  "g  „■,„„„  ^„^,  ^  ^,5  „  k.;r;x;rer^" 

that  o„ly  a  maonuble  prolit  sbould  bo  oxacM  Zl  .S 

respect  the  SabbsUh  day,  aud  not,  iu  auy  mauuer  thn.w 
any  hiudiuuce  iu  the  way  of  the  Chriati^L  ZcWilTZ 
work  carried  on  in  the  village.  t-tviiizing 

The  directors  of  the  Company,  who  did  not  much  fancv 
T.  ^'"oval  of  all  these  Indians  f.x,m  the  vill^^LS 
Oie  Fort,  refused  to  grant  this  reasonable  r^Z^'anl 
what  was  more,  when  Mr.  Duncan  attempted  HLd^^ 

res'^hr^f  t"  ''  ''''  ^^''"^««°  -erchaSrin  V  ctorS 
to  estebhsh  a  bmnch  store  at  Metlakahtla,  the  HudS 

o^'^^h^T^'-^''''"'  '*'"""'"«'  was  just  aboutalmighty 

not  find ir.;  ■''"T"'^  *^  '^'^  **f  *'»«°'  that  he  m!ght 

not  fiud  ,t  to  his  interest  to  take  up  this  enterprise     Th!v 

herefore,  one  after  the  other,  backed  out,  afterirst  har 

ing  taken  very  kindly  to  the  proposition.  ^''^' 

But  Mr.  Duncan  was  not  the  man  to  be  daunted     H« 

^u^t-rtrr„d^rbSrH 

store  on  his  own  accoant  at  Metlakahtla. 

thrwhaubetn'e^:!         ^"""'^  ""'  "'«'"™' '«'' 

•hu''.^'"'"?  "'"^'"ely  o«refnl  and  raring,  be  had  been 
•We  to  pat  away  ,„i,e  a  portion  of  Ibe  migi^rala^f 

' ore,  and  this  small  capitjil  would  now  enable  him  tl 

zf:zr,^ir' '- "  ™»"  »•-  -  ^ »- » 

Bnt  he  eoon  ascertained  that  capital  was  not  the  only 


178 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


thiog  which  he  required.  He  was  nearly  six  hundred 
miles  from  Victoria.  His  exports  had  to  be  shipped  out, 
and  the  goods  that  he  needed  had  to  be  shipped  in.  And 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company's  steamers  were  the  only 
means  of  communication  along  the  coast. 

He  was  hardly  prepared  for  their  decision  that  their 
steamers  would  not  be  allowed  to  carry  any  freight, 
either  to  or  from  Metlakahtla. 

But  when  it  came,  he  made  up  his  mind  that  a  little 
thing  like  that  was  not  to  baulk  his  plans. 

He  determined  to  h"y  and  fit  out  his  own  schooner, 
and  have  the  Indiant  cu  '  it  up  and  down  the  coast  It 
would  give  more  of  them  a  living.    That  was  alL 

He  laid  the  matter  before  the  Governor  in  Council,  who 
agreed  to  advance  him,  from  t':e  public  funds,  five  hun- 
dred dollars.  The  schooner  could  be  bought  for  fifteen 
hundred  dollars.  Mr.  Duncan,  who  wanted  the  Indiana 
to  fed  personally  interested  in  the  enterprise,  persuaded 
them  to  take  shares  of  five  dollars  each  to  the  amount  of 
four  hundred  dollars,  all  told,  and  the  balance  he  ad- 
vanced from  his  own  private  funds. 

Soon  the  Carolina,  with  a  native  master  and  crew, 
was  running  up  and  down  the  coast,  bringing  goods  for 
the  store  up  to  Metlakahtla,  and  furs,  by  tbf  *  u,  lown, 
for,  as  soon  as  the  other  Indians  living  outsia*:. .  iiletla- 
kahtla  found  out  that  their  marten  skins,  which,  at  the 
Gomi>any's  store  had  only  been  worth  twenty -five  cents,  at 
Mr.  Duncan's  establishment  brought  their  possessor  firam 
three  to  four  dollars ;  mink  skins  instead  of  two  cents, 
fifty  or  seventy-five  cents,  and  sea  otters,  instead  of  ten 
to  twelve  dollars,  one  hundred  dollars,  tJiey  soon  found 
it  to  their  interest  to  transfer  their  trade  to  the  new  store. 
And  the  Carolina  now  carried  a  full  caigo  both  waya^ 
and  was  kept  busy  running  all  the  time. 

When,  at  the  close  of  the  year,  Mr.  Duncan  was  able  to 


TEMPOBAI,  ADVANCEMENT  m 

IMyMdi  of  the  lodiiu  atockhoidai.  «..  j  » 

ic  dividend,  they  did  neT^Tt- r?u     .    ""*  ^  •''"» 

«  they  AhlttT  « jd  tt^^"  '^'  °'°°*'  "*  •"*• 

l-rt  ownen^  „d  ,t„  the » J, ^it.id  .?*'"■  f 

"..work,  .„d  we  get  il  the  p^,?^  ""'^'     '"'"«' "' 
g.^^  SX"**"'"  "^  ■■°'  •«»»  ""^  "  «  t.  th. 

»-,»;y,  -.th''o„t°^:s'siXTn;zr 

An  order  was  iriveii  tn  niro.Ki^  u-  •«»  power, 

"de^e,.  hi„  on^^wCS^I^TC^r^Hl 
^  Br*e.',:''  ^  "  r.  '■°'  ""^  •»  '"^™S'.  eS* 


: 


180 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


oordingly.    My  goods  are  all  paid  for,  and  it  will  not 
break  me  if  I  do  not  sell  a  poaud  or  au  ell  of  my  stuff. 
The  moment  I  find  that  you  raise  the  price  of  fare  above 
a  fair  living  price,  or  lower  the  price  of  goods  below  a  fair 
profit,  I  will  turn  the  key  in  the  lock  of  the  door  of  my 
store,  and  not  sell  another  article.    When  the  Indians 
come  for  goods,  or  with  furs,  I  will  send  them  to  you,  and 
tell  them  they  can  make  a  good  profit  by  coming  to  the 
Fort    But,  mind  you,  you  will  have  to  keep  on  with 
your  plan,  and  your  prices.    For  the  moment  I  learn  that 
you  have  come  down  on  the  fure,  or  have  come  up  on 
your  store  goods,  I  open  the  door  of  my  store  again,  and 
tell  the  Indians  to  come  and  trade  with  me  once  more. 
That  I  can  do  as  well  as  you  with  them.    And,  consider- 
ing the  way  they  feel  towards  you,  I  think  I  will  be  able 
to  get  them  to  do  just  about  as  I  tell  them.     Now, 
honestly,  what  do  yon  think  about  my  plan  t " 

Captain  Lewis  evidently  did  U(  think  much  of  it,  for 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company's  order  was  revoked,  and,  for 
the  first  time  in  its  history,  this  purse-proud  and  power- 
ful Company  had  to  acknowledge  a  defeat  in  its  great 
trade  of  the  Northwest  Territory. 

And  what  was  more,  not  only  did  the  director:  conclude 
it  was  good  policy  not  to  baulk  Mr.  Duncan  in  his  enter- 
prise, but,  within  another  six  months,  they  notified  him 
that  they  would  be  able  to  ship  his  freight  on  their 
steamers  from  that  time  on,  if  he  desired  to  sell  his 
schooner.  This  he  did,  obtaining  a  cash  price  of  one 
thousand  dollars  for  it 

Of  course,  he  paid  back  to  the  provincial  government 
Its  proportionate  part  of  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  price, 
undoubtedly  a  surprise  for  the  government,  which  nat- 
urally never  had  expected  to  get  back  a  cent  of  any 
money  advanced  to  a  mi»ionary. 
Never  waa  victory  more  complete. 


I 


TEMPORAL  ADVANCEMENT  181 

■ae  profits  of  the  trading  ertablishmeot  at  Metlakahtia 

:frr;:;rat^rorur;:::^ 

he  wourdlS^h^^J  Mr  Daucan  had  told  the  Indians  that 

™f„  i'    «  ^®  ^"*  *=^'°«  *«  Metlukahtia,  he  had  in 

mind  a  flue  water-power  not  far  away.         *»  ''^  ^«»  ^ 

wwmill   started,  one  of  the  Indians  came  to  hii,  and 

"I  want  to  die  now." 

"  Why  do  you  want  to  diet " 

wood     Th^^Z      u   ^  '      *  ^°°  ^*^®  "a**e  ^ater  saw 

Ciiv^Tu;  I  ln^'.l^f  ^*"^*»''"«  "^^^hat  while 

ae  sat  down  on  his  hannches  a  whole  dav  hv  th«  mm 
and  seemed  to  l^e  in  everything  inteTs^;^    "^  "^^  "^^"' 
Strange  enough,  he  did  die  a  short  time  afterwanls. 

After  he  had  been  at  Metlakahtia  a  short  time  Mr 
villaire  nnHfiT   t   T^       ""e  government  of  both  the 

voice  in  relation  to  all  village  affiiire.  """""^^ry 

Of  oouree,  Mr.  Duncan  naturaUy  reserved  to  himself 


18t 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


the  final  decision  of  all  matten,  whUe  he,  with  great  nr- 
bauity,  listened  to  all  they  had  to  say  on  any  qnestioiL 
and  generally  followed  their  advice. 

He  also  appointed  such  number  as  he,  from  time  to 
time,  deemed  proper,  to  act  as  elders  of  the  ckunh. 

After  a  while  he  thought  he  would  try  the  experiment 
of  having  thorn  elect  their  own  village  council  and  elders. 
His  first  experience  convinced  him  that  he  could  fully 
trust  them. 
An  elder  was  to  be  elected. 

He  called  into  the  council-chamber  the  leading  men  of 
the  village,  and  told  them  that  as  they  knew  their  fel- 
lows  in  daily  life,  and  when  away  finom  the  village,  he 
had  made  up  his  mind  to  have  them  te  for  whom  they 
thought  would  be  the  best  man  for  elder. 

He  announced  the  mode  of  election  to  be  as  follows : 
He  would  go  into  the  next  room.  Then,  one  of  them  at  a 
time  could  come  in  there,  and  tell  him  whom  he  wanted 
to  vote  for. 

The  first  man  in  voted  for  Silas.  The  next  one  also. 
He  was  very  much  surprised  to  see  that  Silas  had  a  great 
mj^jority  of  the  votes  cast  He  himself  had  never  thought 
much  of  Silaa  He  was  a  quiet,  reserved  man,  who  never 
had  much  to  say,  or  testify.  When  the  election  was 
over,  he  told  them  of  his  surprise  at  Silas  receiving  such 
a  vote,  and  asked  them  how  it  came  about 

They  said:  "You  don't  know  him.  He  is  so  quiet 
here.  But  when  he  is  out  at  the  fishing  stations,  on  Sun- 
days, he  always  gathers  the  people  around  him,  and 
prays,  speaks  and  exhorts,  and  does  a  great  work. 
Greater  than  any  one  of  us." 

And  thus  Mr.  Duncan  found  it  to  be.  Silas  proved 
one  of  his  best  men,  and  still  he  had  never  suspected  it 

lAter  on,  Mr.  Duncan  got  up  another  mode  of  election. 
At  that  stage  very  few  of  the  electors  could  write.    So 


i 


TEMPORAL  ADVANCEMENT  188 

they  coald,  of  couree,  not  vote  by  ballot     w«  — „*-^  * 

■ecrei  vote.    Thia  is  bow  be  arranged  it  : 

Mr.  Duncan  nominated  a  certain  candidate     Ev««, 
elector  was  furniHhed  witb  a  button     T^en  m^*  t^  ^ 

me^  ?b?br'  '"t'^  "  ^°  ^°'  onCSi^o^ir 

When  the  hat  vas  before  him,  the  elector  wn  inJ™-.!^ 
to  pat  W.  h.od,  in  whieh  he  Leld  thrtattl^^t^J^ 
to  the  bottom  of  the  hat  If  hehad  an»obii.jZt^r^ 
TST^  he  *o„,a  d^p  the tZt^rhat  1? 

^^  uMiut  was  Closed,  there  was  one  button  in  the 

a^^l!?-  "'u**^  ''*°*"*  ^  >'°«''  if  thei^  really  was 

in  *lLrJ"  n.'*"*  ^'''  ?^°-  Everybody  put  his  hand 
iy  ZX'^ell^i:^^,':^^^  r  ^^  ^et  it  faU 
hand  in."  ^  ^^'"  ^^®°  ^«  P'lto  hi« 

Th^«e^dl«t*~'"'*"«^-    The  button  wasstill  there, 
mere  evidently  was  no  mistake. 

no^na^Td"^"'""  ''''^  "°«^'  against  the  man 

jj:LrhoX^^trb^LTmrrmyT^^^^ 

even  he  no«^"  «^'  '^^'^  'fi'"''''  *^'*''*  ^"  ^^  *»^*  °^»^ 
oS  oL.^  ""^^  ''^^^'"S  '^  a°d  forth  in  front 
or  his  office.    He  opened  the  door. 

WeU,  what  do  you  want  f  " 


18i 


TIIK  APOSTLE  OF  AlJ^SKA 


"  I  am  the  one  who  Uruppetl  that  button." 
'' Ah-you  had  gomi  Krounds  for  It,  I  8up|xwet» 
I  will  tell  yon,  and  you  can  judge  for  youraelf.  He 
and  I  were  at  the  store  together  one  day.  He  paid  for 
■ome  goodM.  By  mistake  he  got  one  dollar  too  much  in 
change.  After  a  while  he  showed  it  to  mo,  and  asked  me 
If  he  should  give  it  back  to  Uie  storekeeper,  or  keep  it  I 
told  him  to  give  it  back.  And  he  did.  But  I  thought 
that  a  man,  who  did  not  know  enough  to  be  honest,  waa 
not  fit  to  be  an  elder  of  the  ehureh." 

That  man  was  not  declared  elected,  though  there  waa 
only  one  button  against  him. 
lAter  on,  this  mode  of  election  proved  too  slow 
Another  course  was  then  adopted,  by  which  ten  men 
could  be  elected  in  halfan  hour. 

The  electors  were  stood  up,  with  their  faces  to  the  wall, 
all  round  the  room,  and  told  not  to  look  around.  When 
a  man  had  been  nominated,  any  p..i«,n  who  was  opposed 
to  him  was  told  to  put  his  closed  fist  behind  his  back. 
If  favourable,  the  open  hand.  Sometimes  Mr.  Duncan, 
who  of  course  was  the  sole  judge  of  the  election,  saw  a 
closed  fist  move  very  violently  behind  some  back.  Ten 
or  more  closed  fists  defeated  the  candidate  nominated 
At  the  present  time,  when  all  the  electors  are  able  to 

Ws  dI  ^'^'  ****  *^^"'*"  "  ^^  ^^""^  ''^''^  ^""^ 
It  is,  perhaps,  unnecessary  to  say,  inasmuch  as  Mr. 

Duncan  is  a  confirmed  bachelor,  that  there  is  no  female 

suffrage,  and  never  has  been  any  at  Metlakahtla. 
What  is  more  remarkable,  perhaps,  is  that  there  are  no 

sonragettes  either. 


XXIV 

INTERESTING  INCIDENTS 

THE  '•Highmas'"  of  Duncan's  time  wm  nick. 
His  brother,  Womakwot,  came  after  Mr.  Dun- 
can  This  was  while  he  still  reside*!  at  Fort 
Simpson.  When  he  came  near  the  house,  he  found  out 
that  a  medicineman  was  in  there,  working  upon  him. 
The  women  outside  tried  to  persuade  him  to  go  by,  and 
not  enter  the  house,  as  he  would  disturb  the  work.  But 
he  bol<lly  entered  at  the  front  door. 

Highmiis  was  wholly  naked  in  a  very  cold  room,  and  the 
medicine-man  was  rattling  away  over  him  for  dear  life. 

When  Mr.  Duncan  came  up,  the  medicineman  "blew 
off  steam,"  and  quit  his  work. 

Mr  Duncan  took  the  man's  pulse,  and  found  him  in  the 
m^t  of  a  severe  chill.  He  saw  that  it  was  necessary  tS 
rertore  his  circulation,  if  he  should  not  die  then  and  there, 
and  ordered  him  covered  up  quickly  with  many  blanket 
and  placed  close  by  the  fire.  «**»«», 

He  then  took  the  brother  along  with  him  to  the  Port 
^ov^r^  '"'"'*^''°''"'^"^^"^-    Highmi 

fhS  t  .  '^^^"*'  ^'^'^  ^^''^^"^  Mr.  Duncan  h^ 
that  he  had  whiskey  in  his  canoe,  and  sent  for  him.  But 
as  he  was  not  a  magistrate  at  the  time,  he  could  only 
give  him  a  tongue-lashing.  He  abused  him  roundly  for 
bnnging  fire-water  among  his  people  and  corrupting  them. 
80  they  would  go  back  to  their  old  savage  state. 

<  The  hMid  ohitf  of  the  Kitseeih  tribe. 
186 


186 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


I 


He  auiwered  roJlenly,  that  he  did  not  wwt  to  bea 
white  num.  He  oaly  wauted  to  be  m  IndiWiLl  i^ 
the  ciurtoni.  aad  ways  of  the  Indian.      ^^         ^ 

He  was  at  the  time  dreMed  in  a  pea-jacket 

yon   should   be   consisteut.    Yon   shoold   carrv   thi 
this,  he  rushed  out  of  the  house 

"  HigluBM  is  „cb   ,  big  ,^1      t,  j„ 

''What  to  il  v(m  wantt" 

It  waa  the  ooat  sbe  wanted. 

Mr.  DoaoM  (old  her  :    "Tak.ft-ldoD't  want  it    It 
Slj.^ri!^  ."'"""'"•    ""enottoochedit" 
She  picked  It  ap  trtumphaatly,  and  went  ont.  mi- 
^7  ™,  wdl  «u.a.d  With  ,£  ,«.lto  Of  h^di^S. 


INTERESTINO  INCIDENIB  18T 

r^.^?.^:::,"*''  ^^^^  *— »•  -  they  aid «. 

-nt  for  hio..  and  a.k«l  hi.  advi<:"  He  S^'lVlS! 
which  ufterwanh,  wa.  «ucc««fmiy  carried  out  ^^ 

The  next  day,  at  1 .30  p.  m.,  »Ir.  Duncan  wa.  to  «,  to 
tt.  recurvation,  gather  the  T.iauJ.ea«.  t«,^rh  Pad'^S 
ft«m  them  who  did  the  diooting,  and  try  Z  pe  ,aSe  ?he 
ludUn.  from  taking  the  guilty  man',  p.^     Thl«  SV.h 

Z        '^*^*"  *"  •  ^»**'»  »«>««»  near  by  *~  ^'  """  "** 

T  J      T^V  '""'  P*'"*"*P'^  remember  Curtwaht  a.  the 

Ll^'hrb  1't°^""^*"'^'*'''M'-  DuncanTh^'on 
the  beach  the  day  Legaic  wa.  going  to  make  an  attack  on 

sTteie^-t:  iu,v:  SLir  ^"-  ^-^'  -^^  -^^  '^ 

Sok     Sut  ih^M        "^  **'''  ''^'**'  •"«"  "'"W  "ot  over, 
looic.    But  that  they  only  wanted  Cudiwaht  and  would 

Imrr"'^"""  ^"^'""^  ''^^y^^^  not^intrZi:! 

pi^^rth'atTheyr^  unwiJjr  ''?  l^"^^  ^"^ 
thinfeinir  fho*  ^u     ^  seemed   unwilling  to  believe  it, 

Mr.  Duucau,  in  order  to  >atl8ly  thM,  th„  thw  -er. 
w^g.  Offered  to  «.y  ,„,„„g  .  J„,  „  ,^,^  *7,  ^^ 

"""'■    '"   ""»  way  he  kept  them   anart.   behind. 

r:?^dr'  ■"^'*  '"■»  "■'  --"-^  ^--^t 

MM.j^e  a  ™h  a,ay  t^n.  Um,  b„t  beS  hen 
">«*.    And  when  the  red  jacliet.  came  marching  up. 


188 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


there  was  another  i-ush  away.    But  he  called  them  back 
again,  and  succeeded  in  quieting  them. 

The  Governor  then  aaked  him  to  call  on  the  Haidas  to 
surrender  the  man.  But  they  refused.  After  he  had  re- 
peated  their  answer,  he,  by  request,  returned  to  them, 
and  told  them  that  the  Governor  gave  them  just  tei 
minutes  m  which  to  surrender  the  man.  If  they  did  no 
harm  would  come  to  any  one  of  them.  But,  if  they 'did 
not  the  troops  would  charge  on  them,  and  they  would 
probably  all  be  killed.    Still  no  move. 

r.^1  ^ft  u  ^  7f*^^  '°  ^'«  ^^^-    When  there  was  one 
minute  left,  he  told  them : 

"  You  had  better  produce  him  now.  If  you  don't  I 
am  afraid  you  will  be  sorry."  ^ 

Just  as  the  time  was  up,  they  brought  Cushwaht  out, 
and  turned  him  over  to  the  military. 

They  were  going  to  take  him  to  jail,  when  Mr.  Duncan 
^^T^  ?  *''®  Governor,  and  insisted  that  the  man 
should  be  flogged  publicly,  as  the  Indians  cared  nothing 
for  jail.  This  was  done,  and  Cushwaht  was  thereupon 
committed  to  await  his  trial.  "icreupon 

It  seems  that  in  those  days  of  primitive  justice,  even  a 
governor  and  a  magistrate  did  not  consider  it  out  of  the 
way  to  punish  a  man  first,  and  try  him  afterwards.  It  was 
perhaps  the  only  safe  course  to  take  with  the  Indiana 

Some  days  afterwards,  the  jailer  came  and  told  Mr 
Duncan  that  there  was  an  Indian  in  jail  who  would  like 
to  see  hini.  He  went  in,  and  found  that  it  was  Cushwaht. 
He  sat  m  his  cell,  looking  very  dqected  and  gloomy. 
When  he  saw  Mr.  Duncan,  he  said  :  8        j^ 

"I  was  bad  to  you.  Yon  pitied  me.  Yon  did  not 
punish  me.    Pity  me  now.    Save  me ! " 

<*  Y  ^in  **'  ^*"  ^°"  promise  to  be  a  better  man  »  " 

..«^  I    il  L*?  ^^'^  ^"  ^*  ""*  *^  yo'i  shaU  never  find 
any  fiiult  with  me.    Pity  me  1 " 


INTERESTING  INCIDENTS  189 

Mr.  Dancan  weut  to  the  Governor,  and  pleaded  for  the 
poor  fellow.  Aa  he  had  not  injured  anybody,  the 
Governor  set  him  free  on  condition  that  Mr.  Duncan 
would  vouch  for  his  good  behaviour.  This  he  did. 
Cushwaht  went  home  right  away  in  his  canoe,  and  when 
Mr.  Duncan,  a  short  time  afterwards,  returned  to 
MeUakahtlain  the  steamer,  Cashwaht  at  once  re- 
ported to  him,  and  assured  him  of  his  complete  al- 
legiance. 

After  that  day  he  became  a  good  Indian,  and  was  al- 
ways loyal  to  Mr.  Duncan.  Though  he  never  moved 
away  from  Fort  Simpson,  or  became  a  Christian,  he  often 
attended  public  worship,  and  seemed  to  be  a  very  re- 
spectful hearer,  if  not  a  doer,  of  the  Word. 


4 


There  is  a  sad  story  connected  with  the  life  of  Simeon 
Johnson,   the  man  on  the  lower  row,  farthest  to  the 
reader's   right,   in  the  illustration  on  a  near-by  paee  • 
"Mr.  Duncan's  Pioneers." 
He  was  a  murderer. 
It  was  discovered  in  this  way : 

When   Mr.    Duncan   had  been  but  a  few  years  at 
Metlakahtla  a  man  came  very  late  one  night  to  hia 
house.    He  asked  him  what  he  wanted,  as  he  was  a  little 
suspicious,  and   never  knew  what  moment  some  one 
might  come  to  kill  him. 
"I  want  to  talk  with  you." 
"  Why  do  you  come  so  late  t " 
"  It  is  about  a  great  secret" 

"All  right.  Come  in  then,"  he  told  the  man,  stiU 
watching  him  very  closely. 

After  a  while  he  confessed  that  he  and  two  other  In- 
dians  had  one  day,  several  moons  ago,  away  south,  met  a 
canoe  with  two  white  men,  who  had  been  good  to  them, 


190  THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

!"lw  °  ?^?  ^i*"^**'  At  the  command  of  Sebaasah, 
•  mighty  chief  of  the  Kithrathtlas,  who  was  oneTS 
th^^they  shot  and  kUled  the  white  men,  and  took  their 

*«?l*.f  "**  ^^'"^  ^  ^°**  ^'^*  a°d  this  one  now 
«^  the  same  fate.    He  had  heard  Mr.  Duncan  p^^ 

friends,  with  whom  he  had  talked  about  it,  h^  advi^ 
him  to  come  to  Mr.  Duncan  and  teU  him  all 

What  to  do,  Mr.  Duncan  did  not  know.    He  advised 
^Itl     '^^  "^''^'"^  ""  ""^  "^*  *»^°'  "  tiU  hfhi^ 

«h51?!k  r?v*  ^®  attomey-general  in  Victoria,  who 
advised  that  the  matter  be  dropped,  as  they  could  not 
convict  inasmuch  as  thei^  wex^  no^dtnesses^^etl 

Mr.  Duncan  thought  it  was  too  bad  to  take  this  conrae. 
«  it  certainly  would  encoUrage  the  Indians  to  kilTZ^ 

^JTJ:"'^  ?"'  \'  "^  °^"«^  "^  '''  «"« '"-tter^ 
InteZ  1  *^''  ""^'^  *^*  Gold-Commissioner  for  the 
i^^Sr  J  T^"*  *  °»^«t'^te»  oame  to  MeUakahtla  for 
a  visit,  Mr.  Duncan  talked  the  matter  over  with  him 

Mr.  Dmican  sent  his  constebles  after  Sebassah.    I^ey 

was  a  haughty,  self-important  fellow,  with  two  slava 
supporting  him,  one  by  each  arm.  Qtier  sUvrbi^uJS 
a  feather  bed  into  court  for  him  to  sit  upon.  ^^7* 
also  accompanied  him  into  the  hall  of  jSs^ice,  «dWa 
number  of  his  retainers.  ^  * 

When  the  charge  was  read  to  him,  he  said  he  was  not 
the  o^y  Indian  who  had  killed  white  men. 

"Who  are  they  t" 

wiMKMKwe  who  hid  thus  shown  the  white  farther. 


REV.  R.  TOMLINSON  AND  FAMILY 


'    I 


MR.  DUNCAN'S  PIONEERS 


Ill 


INTERESTING  INCIDENT  191 

.  °l*5?  .?'f*^  **"'"  ^°"^  or  five  Indians,  some  veam 
ago  had  killed  five  white  men  in  a  can^e JSy  SS 
south  of  there,  and  gave  their  names.  ^ 

♦hJ^l"*";^•''"*  ^°»^"«d.  warrants  were  issued  for 
the  other  Indians.  They  were  arre«(«l,  and  an  exmina- 
tion  was  held  over  all  of  them.  ««»mina 

They  all  fully  confessed  their  murderous  deeds.  Simeon 
Johnson  was  one  of  the  last  batch.  o"neon 

The  magi... ates  committed  them  all  for  trial,  and  sent 
them  down  to  Victoria.  ' 

When  the  time  for  the  term  of  court  came,  Mr.  Duncan 
▼as  summoned  to  go  down. 

The  attorney-general  told  him  that  he  could  not  prose- 

T  T±'  "^""'''•'  ^  ""'  ^^  °«t  ^^-^  th^ZZof 
the  murdered  men,  and,  besides,  there  was  no  evidence 

M '.  Duncan  said : 

lifl*  l^ut  *°°/^'  "  ^°"  ^"'  ^^^-^  so,  no  white  man's 
life  will  be  safe  among  the  Indians.  They  must  get  a 
healthy  respect  for  the  law,  and  feel  that  their  ev    d^s 

them,  you  will  have  to  be  responsible  for  the  conse- 
qnences  to  all  of  us  white  men  who  live  up  there  " 

high's^^'tirvXnS^?^^  ^'^  ^^««  ^°  ^^-^  -  ^^^^ 

are  otly  pL'-sheS.''  "'  ""  "'^*  ''^  ^^^^^^  ^«'  ^^  ^^^ 
One  of  the  directors  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company 
who  was  anxious  to  curry  favour  with  the  Indianrtofd 
Mr  Duncan  that  he  vould  get  them  to  plead  no'  g^uUtyt 
and  get  them  a  lawyer,  and  that  if  he  did  so  they  could 
not  be  convicted.    Mr.  Duncan  tried  to  convince  hin^of 

X  ri  "^"^  ^"  ""'"^^  *^  «°"'y  ^'  "^  ^^  did  so,  Inl 
au  to  no  purpose. 


IM 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


Jast  before  court  was  to  open,  Mr.  Duncan  went  into 
the  jail  to  see  the  iudiaus. 

'^Uas  auy  one  seen  you  t " 

"  Yes." 

"Whot" 

"  One  of  the  Company  men." 

"What  did  he  say t" 

"  He  said  we  should  say  that  we  did  not  do  it" 

"  Are  you  going  to  do  that  t " 

"No,  we  will  tell  the  truth." 

"That's  right.  That's  the  way  to  act.  You  do  that 
when  you  get  into  court,  and  I  will  do  the  best  I  can  for 
you." 

When  called  into  court,  Mr.  Duncan  interpreted  and 
explained  the  charge  to  them,  and  asked  them  : 

"  Did  you  do  this  t " 

They  all  nodded,  hung  their  heads,  and  said  : 

"Yes,  we  did." 

"  Enter  a  plea  of  guilty,"  said  the  judge,  Sir  Mathew 
Bigbee.  ^Vhereupon,  he  delivered  a  long  speech  to  the 
Indians,  which  was  interpreted  by  Mr.  Duncan,  and 
finally  sentenced  them  to  be  hanged. 

"  But,"  said  the  judge,  "  many  snows  have  fallen  over 
our  white  brothers'  blood,  and  your  friend  Mr.  Duncan 
tells  me  that  you  were  ignorant,  and  did  not  know  what 
bad  things  you  did,  so  I  will  consult  with  the  other  white 
chiefs,  and  see  if  they  can  make  your  punishment  lighter." 

He  laid  tb  5  matter  before  the  Lieutenant-Governor  in 
Ck)uncil,  with  the  result  that  the  sentence  was  commuted 
to  imprisonment  for  life,  but  on  the  condition  tl^at  they 
should  serve  their  term  at  Metlakahtla. 

They  were  then,  by  the  court,  handed  over  to  Mr. 
Duncan,  with  the  understanding  that  they  should  live  at 
Metlakahtla,  and  have  the  freedom  of  the  village  limits, 
as  long  as  they  behaved  themselves ;  but  when  not,  to  be 


INTERESTINQ  INCIDENTS  1»8 

SXZn^  ■""  *"  ""  '"'^  ""^'^''-  '"  "'- 

He  took  I  lem  along. 

Siineon  Johnaon  aud  the  man  who  came  to  Mr.  Duncan 
at  n  ght,  and  confessed,  became  good  earnest  Christians, 
and  later  on  went  along  with  him  to  new  Metlakahtla. 

Sebassah,  in  a  way,  sought  to  be  a  better  man ;  but  had 
considerable  difficulty  iu  conquering  his  haughty  spirit. 

men  Bishop  Ridley  tried  to  get  a  foothold  against 
Mr.  Duncan,  and  drive  him  away  from  Metlakahtla,  this 
convicted  murderer  and  ticket-of-leave  man  was  one  of 
the  chiefe"  whom  he  numbered  among  hi«  few  ad- 
herents. 

****** 
Sometimes,  it  might,  of  course,  be  desirable  to  get  some 
evUminded,  or  evil-doing,  man  out  of  town.    Mr.  Duncan 
had  a  way  of  accomplishing  this  without  violence,  which 
occasioualJy  might  prove  dangerous,  and  cause  bloodshed. 
In  the  centre  of  the  village,  close  to  the  Mission  House, 
was,  after  the  first  five  years  at  Metlakahtla,  located  a 
bastion^  an  octagonal  building,  the  lower  part  whereof 
was  used  for  a  jail.    The  upper  part  formed  a  balustrade, 
and  was  provided  with  a  tall  flagstaff,  on  which,  on  f2 
tiveoccasions,  the  English  colours  were  hoisted. 

men  a  bad  man  was  desired  to  leave  town,  Mr.  Dun- 
«n  hoisted  on  this  flagstaff  a  black  flag,  showing  that 
there  was  a  public  enemy  in  camp.    The  man  who  was 
offensive  knew  well  enough  who  was  meant.    Usually, 
the  people  knew  it  too.    If  they  did  not,  Mr.  Duncan  let 
a  few  trusted  ones  know  who  it  waa    That  was  enough, 
m  a  few  moments  public  opinion  was  aroused.    As  smu 
as  they  saw  the  flag,  the  tongues  commenced  to  wag     If 
any  one  met  the  man,  he  would  look  at  him  askance. 
Some  one  might  say  right  to  him : 
"  You  better  get  out  of  here.    We  don't  want  you." 


IM  THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

*«!"*  "T  onfflclent    No  one  could  naist  the  pnbUo 
todicftSr^  "^"^  *"^  abhorrence  which  the  blJk  fla« 

n,f.r  z  H  "I;!''' A*"**  *^^  J*"'  """^^^d  to  hi8  nujc, 

upon  the  death  of  his  old  uncle,  Neyahshlackahnooeh 
the  old  head  chief  of  the  Kitlahns,  and^  w^anS^ 

to  the  old  adage,  that  new  brooms  sweep  clean. 
He  trj?",  ^°?^  o'  ^  of  Ws  tribe  at  MetHkahtla. 
Sl^  ^'f"*™""^^^**^-  One  Saturday  night 
wh,^^  "  T?'  ?*"**°«  °^  '^«  °^«°»be«  of  his  tJ^^be,  at 
^t^f  'I^,"^  "'^''*  ^°^  '^^^^  °»^'  time-honomed  ci^ 
aZ^  ^i°«  abolished,  ueir  old,  proud  m.JZ 
disgrace^  and  their  warlike  and  brave  femUy  tmito 
erwUcated,  and  then  exhorted  them  to  go  back  to  the 
old  feasts,  joys,  and  pleasures. 

No  one  said  anything.    Not  a  single  man  expressed 
disapproval  of  what  he  had  said.  ^^ 

T^I\!^r^  learned  of  the  meeting  Sunday  morning. 
This  looked  very  much  like  mutiny.    Heroic  measurSi 
wero  evidently  required,  and  that  at  once.    He  made  up 
his  mind  that  he  must  have  that  chief  out  of  town  before 
semce,  or  no  one  could  tell  where  it  might  end. 
So  he  hoisted  the  black  flag  at  once. 
Oh,  what  a  talk  it  started !    "  Who  can  it  bet » 
an?!  ^.f  ^?  constables,  and  told  them  to  go  at  once, 
and  teU  the  chief  to  take  his  canoe  and  get  oirt  of  th«S 
before  eleven  o'clock. 

The  black  flag  was  not  sufficient  in  this  case.  It 
meant:  "There  is  no  one  with  you.  Tou^oi 
enemy.    We  are  all  down  on  you." 

This  man  had  an  idea  that  so  long  as  no  disapnroval 
was  voiced  at  the  meeting,  he  was  bLked  byT^ 


INTERESTUfO  INCIDENT 


195 
He,  therefore,  refused  to  go  "*"• 

could  p>a.„„ «.  ^'"ji'Sa  .^'r^fcir  *•  ■"" 

h«  way  oat.    If  not,  I  will  meet  Wmface  to  f^*^   In? 
one  of  oa,  perhaps  both,  will  die."  ^    ^^ 

broS%own  toSi°^h*S'  "^^''^  ^'^'^^^^^  -«~ 
went  his  way  '    '^  '^°°^  ^"^^  °^'  ^^  he 

The  black  flag  came  down. 

One  of  tu™,  „  .M  ^,  ,^  ^  ^«'°«- 
preasion  on  ns.    w«  {.  „    ""**°  ^•°-    "  made  no  im- 
mlTlfl'"'  "J"^  •""«««'  «"«  »»»'«  sentiment,. 


1 


/i 


1 


196 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  AI^SKA 


Neyaluhlaokahnoosh  came  back  a  year  later,  promlaed 
to  behave  hinuelf,  and  waa  aUowed  to  live  at  Metla- 
kahtla. 

***♦*♦ 
What  I  am  now  going  to  reUite  happened  at  a  later  day. 
Bnt  it  comes  properly  under  '« interesting  inridenta." 

The  sawmill  at  old  Metlakahtla,  being  qnite  a  distance 
from  the  store,  a  telephone  line  was  installed  between  the 
two  places.  This  was  many  years  ago,  when  telephones 
were  still  in  their  infancy,  and  when  the  same  instmment 
did  service  as  a  receiver  and  transmitter.  One  conld  not 
hear  and  speak  at  the  same  time;  but  had  to  pat  the 
Instrument  to  the  mouth  and  speak,  then  lift  it  to  the  ear 
to  catch  the  answer. 

An  old  Indian  thought  that  Mr.  Duncan  had  made  a 
mistake  in  putting  up  sucb  an  arrangement  as,  in  his 
opinion,  he  ought  to  have  had  something  that  could  speak 
the  Tsimsbean  language.  ^^ 

"It  may,  perhaps,  talk  English,"  he  said,  "but  I  am 
sure  it  cannot  talk  Tsimshean.  Just  remember  how  long 
it  took  you  to  learn  our  language.  You  only  pat  that 
thing  up  a  few  days  ago.  How  can  you  expect  it  to  have 
learned  Tsimshean  so  soon!" 

"I  want  you  to  try  it,"  said  Mr.  Duncan,  who  took 
hold  of  the  transmitter,  and  said  to  John  Tait,  who  w&s 
at  the  other  end  of  the  line : 

' '  Leamlahaga «  is  here.  I  want  yon  to  say  something 
mnny  to  him  over  the  'phone." 

He  then  handed  the  instrument  to  the  Indian,  who  took 
hold  of  it  as  if  he  was  afraid  of  it,  but  finally  managed 
to  put  it  to  his  ear.  Then  he  suddenly  dropped  the  re- 
ceiver. 

"Indeed  it  can  talk  Tsimshean,  and  it  can  talk  non- 
sense,  too,"  he  said,  and  fled. 

I  WalUog-on-the-tir. 


XXV 

HOW  MR.  DUNCAN  BECAME  A  JUDGE 

IN  the  early  days  there  lived  in  Roarian  Alaaka,  not 
very  far  from  the  boundary  line  of  Britiri,  Co  am- 
bia,  a  well-known  Russian  tmder. 

wom^i;  ^^''  "u"" '"  °*""*^  ^  »  half-breed  Halda 
woman,  was  a  sharp,  smart,  unscrupulous  man.  and  not 
Jtall  pa^cular  about  how  he  made  Sis  dolla«,Vhe'on7; 

It  did  not  bother  him  in  the  least  if  he  got  the  best  of 

wiris;:!'  rv"  '°^  '^  *^'^'"«  ^^^-  --^- 

water,  although  he  of  course  well  knew  that  it  was  not 
only  against  the  law,  but  exti^mely  dangerou^  «^X 

f^om  VlTrTarsUkt  "'"°^^'  ""^  ^^  ^'  "»«  -^ 
One  day,  in  the  early  spring  of  1863,  he  came  with  this 
schooner  into  the  harbour  at  old  MetlakahtT^  Dun 
can  heard  a  report  that  he  had  liquor  on  b^I^d. 

He  took  his  canoe,  and  went  aboard  the  schooner 
thl  if  r*  ^^J''  '"•***"-  °°  the  beach,^M  told 
board  the  schooner,  and  put  her  on  the  beach 

fi.r^*  V!  *^*  ?'*''  °^  "•«  •«^°°°«r.  he  told  the  trader 
ttiat  he  had  no  objection  to  his  trading  r^th  the  IndUnl 

he  had  heard  he  was  dealing  in  t>  ,^,  and  had  tt\m  on 


108 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


hjwti,  and  tut  before  be  lUlowed  tbe  Indian,  to  t»H. 

India...     Tboy  a.  ™,  f^lZ'lH''.  'b\  Tfl^u  ?^ 

••Howf" 
crew,  boicti  loorih,^^!!^  Au  ^  "'•■•power  your 

i'^»t.^»ujjr,  or  snail  i  give  those  men  the  mimtai  t »» 
It  »  P«h.p.  tt.  ««  «,„  i.  tt.  Urtory  of  He  w„„a 


HOW  MR.  DUNCAN  BECAME  A  JUDGE    lu'j 

that  a  man  h(M  been  uade  a  Jndge  and  a  ooDwrvator  of 
the  law  uu  ticcouut  of  haviug  broken  that  law  blmwlf. 

The  Governor  certainly  knew  what  b<>  did.  The  very 
life  of  the  Comuionwettlth  depended  on  the  nupprewlonof 
the  unlawful  liquor  trafflc  with  the  Iudiuu«  of  the  coast, 
and  he  well  knew  that  no  more  fearUiH  man  could  be 
found  in  the  North  Country  than  the  little  English  mis- 
•louary,  and  that  he  would  see  to  it  that  the  accuned 
trafflc  was  manacled  and  stopped. 

It  did  not  take  many  years,  after  Mr.  Duncan  had  the 
Governor's  commission  as  a  magistrate  in  his  pocket,  be- 
fore his  name  became  a  terror  to  all  evildoers  anywhere 
along  the  coast,  as  far  as  his  jurisdiction  extended. 

In  less  than  ten  years,  the  nnlawftil  liquor  traffic  with 
the  Indians  had  practically  ceased. 

It  may  be  that  at  times  all  the  forms  of  law  were  not 
strictly  observed  in  his  court ;  that  all  the  technicalities 
were  not  always  given  the  seat  of  honour ;  that  sometimes 
the  evidence  did  not  go  in  according  to  all  the  many  hair- 
splitting  rules  of  lawyers  and  textbook  writere ;  that  the 
Information  filed  against  a  prisoner  might  not  always,  in 
every  particular,  be  according  to  the  best  established 
rules  of  pleading.  But  who  will  have  the  heart  to  blame 
this  rugged  magistrate  for  brushir  ^  aside  the  web  of 
technicalities  and  hair-flne  distinctions,  which  perhaps 
has  been  the  means  of  defeating  justice  oftener  than  main- 
taining  itt 

He  was  there  to  do  substantial  justice,  and  he  did  it  as 
he  saw  it. 

His  aim  was:  "Lot  no  guilty  man  escape  I"  And 
none  escaped. 

If  the  evidence  was  sufficient  to  create  a  moral  convic- 
tion  of  a  man's  guilt,  who  will  blame  him  for  convicting 
the  prisoner  if  it  did  not  always  come  up  to  the  utmost 
requirements  of  aU  the  technicalities  of  the  h»w,  espe- 


MO 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


I  believe  it  is  the  proud  reooid  of  Tn^»«  t^ 
only  in  one  sinrie  wL  didT!?    ,  f  f  ^  ^™<*°'  '^ 
anything  bat  tl^y^^lt^Zl^^  iQuor-seUer  get 
allowed  ^    *^**  pnniahment  ^hich  the  law 

Mr.  Doncan  informed  him  *h«f  u    ',  °  "■""• 

Th.  ODly  thing  .hid,  «„  w  ;,^-    «•  O  ^yi^- 

Victoria,  i,  theadmiDieZlM  ^I^     /  't ""  " S"*" 

want  him  to  dieon  Ihi™?   w^/'°''°'^  ™*  '«»»»» 

I>n.c«,aid"ml^^?^^g,7^°":^^;';«'«'«'»"«," 

apoBtle  of  the  coaaL  th«  f^^      l  ,,      *^*  temperance 

"wiog  th.  x^wiXS^l:^*  "»f .f''''™^  t^- 


HOW  MR.  DUNCAN  BECAME  A  J. CGE    201 

Last  Decoratiou  Day  I  saw  at  MetlakaLtla  the  wido* 
of  this  trader,  who  was  on  board  the  steamer  with  him 
at  the  time  just  mentioned. 

cnS^'.r*"'*'  •'J^.  ^  ^'-  ^"°"^'^  *"^  «^o«k  his  hand  as 
cordia^  y  as  if  he  had  been  her  best  friend.  I  think  h" 
probably  was.  ""u».  ue 

tn  wTn**'^  ^^'ll'^®  ''^  overheard,  at  this  time,  to  say 

ln«^f  .?"°'*°  *''*'  ^*"  ^"«^*°^  *'^*y«  «Poke  of  him  u 
one  of  the  greatest  men  he  had  ever  met. 

Her  husband  was  a  discerning  man. 


(f 


XXVI 

PROM  JUDGE  DUNCAN'S  DOCKET 


AS  to  the  Indian  lawbreakers,  Judge  Dnncan  did 
not  always  follow  the  strict  letter  of  the  law  of 
the  land.  For  some  of  their  offences  he  made 
up  his  mind  as  to  what  punishment  would  be  most  likely 
to  produce  the  best  results,  and  then  inflicted  it,  regard- 
less of  whether  he  found  it  on  the  leaves  of  the  statute 
book,  or  not 

Fortunately,  there  were  no  hair-splitting  hiwyera  to 
take  appeals  from  his  judgment  in  those  casea 
He  says  himself : 

"  I  sometimes  went  a  little  outside  the  law.  I  never 
have  allowed  myself  to  stumble  over  a  law,  when  some- 
thing good  was  to  be  accomplished." 

Thus  the  sentence,  in  all  cases,  when  an  Indian  had 
been  guilty  of  an  act  of  violence  which  might  have  re- 
sulted in  death,  was  invariably  a  public  whipping.  The 
whole  village  was  then  summoned  to  witness  the  affkir. 
The  man  was  bared  to  the  waist,  tied  to  a  post,  and 
whipped  with  a  rope,  but  not  with  a  cat-o' -nine-tails. 

Sometimes  the  whipping  was  administered  by  the  judge 
himself,  but,  most  generally,  by  one  of  the  constables. 

In  one  case  of  improper  relations  with  another's  wife, 
the  injured  husband  wished  to  kill  the  man.  But  Mr. 
Duncan  persuaded  him  that  it  would  be  a  greater  satis- 
faction to  be  allowed  to  whip  the  seducer  in  public.  I 
think  it  may  safely  be  surmised  that  he  did  not  simply 
pretend  to  flog  his  man. 

Once  the  man  to  be  whipped  was  of  a  very  savase  dia* 

202  J       -K   ««- 


FROM  JUDGE  DUNCAN'S  DOCKET      203 

position,  so  much  so,  that  the  constables  said  that  they 
dared  not  whip  him,  for  fear  that  he  wonld  kUl  the  one 
who  did  It  m  revenge,  as  soon  as  he  got  free.  Now,  what 
was  to  be  done  t  The  constables  were  ordered  to  blind- 
fold  him  so  he  could  not  see  who  flogged  him,  and  were 
cautioned  not  to  utter  a  word,  so  that  he  could  not  recoir. 
nize  the  executioner  by  his  voice. 

When  Duncan  anived  at  the  whipping-post,  hemerely. 
in  silence,  pointed  to  the  constable,  whom  he  ordered  to 
do  the  whipping.  He  trembled,  and  commenced  to  talk, 
giving  expression  to  his  fears. 

"  I  foj-bade  you  to  talk,  did  I  notf  "  said  Mr.  Duncan. 

Now,  that  you  shall  not  be  in  the  darkness  as  to  who 
whipped  you,  know  that  it  was  myself." 

He  took  the  rope,  and  laid  it  on  pretty  heavily. 

V®*"  m  ®  ^^^PPi»&.  tlie  man  was  incarcerated  for  two 
^^    X.  ^^  ^^^  ^^"^  P*^  of  tl»e  punishment 

Mr.  Duncan  had  him  brought  to  his  room  every  even- 

m  making  the  man  see  that  he  had  really  done  him  a 
^d  turn,  because,  by  whipping  him,  he  had  probably 
aaved  his  life,  as  the  man  he  had  attacked  wis  stilU 
heathen,  and  would  have  been  likely  to  take  his  own 
revenge,  while  now  he  had  declared  himself  satisfied  with 
the  punishment  meted  out  to  his  adversary. 

The  man  who  was  whipped  on  this  occasion,  at  a  meet- 
ing not  many  years  ago,  when  those  present  gave  their 
^penences,  stood  up  and  said  he  was  now  leading  a  good 

"I  suppose  you  would  like  to  know  what  saved  me 
from  an  evil  life,"  he  said.  "Know  then,  that  it  was 
Mr.  Duncan's  whipping  me  many  years  ago." 

Such  influence  had  the  combination  of  the  Gospel  mes- 
sage and  this  policy  of  Mr.  Duncan  upon  getting  the  best 
of  the  savage  disposition  of  these  Indians,  that  while 


«W  THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

there  wei«  eleven  murders  committed  among  the  tribesat 
Fort  Simpson  the  first  year  he  was  there,  now  for  fortv 
years,  there  has  not  been  a  case  of  bJoodS,«i  „/!  ^ 
B.ttA.>]r  nrifi.  „  _  ^^      oiooasned,  or  even  an 

^^  Wm  ^^"^  ^°"«  "•'  ^^^  ^^°  »^^«  oo^e 

Thl7'«  H  ^  "'""  '^  '*'«^'^  ««^«  "P«"  each  other 

^ttd  a.1  '  ."rt'^'.  T"'"''  '"  ^"  ^«'  of  viornce^om! 
mictea  among  them  lu  forty  years  I 

What  white  community  can  show  a  reconl  like  this? 

to  LTI^  rf  ;'^  ^  *  ^'^  ^^'^''^  ^*»'  «««^  »  criminal 
to  have  to  look  forward  to,  just  as  the  wounds  from  tte 
lartflogging had  about  nicely  healed  up 

«n??^^' J  ""^  °'*°  ''^'''^  ^*^«  to  »»  sentenced  the  sec 
ond  time  for  such  an  offence,  after  he  had  such  a^^ 
perience  for  a  number  of  yeara. 
It  might  be  well  worth  tryine  anvhow  nniix..  tt,^ 

as^°li!?r'  ^'"''T/^^  °°*  ^"«^«  *°  "'««°«  out  flogging 

He  says : 

"It  would  not  be  well  to  send  a  man  back  to  his  wife 


FROM  JUDGE  DUNCAN'S  DCXXET      205 

erery  movement  reminded  him  of  what  she  had  brought 
npou  him." 

Mr.  Dancan's  way  of  handling  these  cases  was  original 
aud  effective. 

When  a  man  had  been  convicted  of  wife-beating,  he 
sentenced  him  to  imprisonment  in  the  village  jail,  but  for 
no  definite  term. 

He  told  the  man : 

"  I  will  not  fix  the  time  of  your  Imprisonment  I 
leave  that  to  your  wife.  When  she  comes  to  me,  and 
tells  me  that  she  thinks  you  have  been  punished  enough, 
you  will  get  out    Not  one  day  before." 

Mr.  Duncan  had  another  peculiar  arrangement  in  con- 
nection with  his  jail.  He  did  not  feed  his  prisoners. 
They  had  to  find  their  own  fare  while  in  the  calaboose. 

When  a  wife-beater  was  incarcerated,  the  constable  in 
charge  had  orders  to  lock  up,  with  the  prisoner,  the  one 
of  his  children  who  brought  him  his  food,  for  an  hour  or 
so  each  day. 

The  natural  consequence  of  this  was  that  the  prisoner 
would  send,  continuously,  word  to  the  wife,  with  the 
child,  asking  her  to  pity  him.  Gradually,  of  course,  her 
heart  would  soften.  It  hardly  ever  took  more  than  a 
week  before  she  would  come  to  Mr.  Duncan,  and  say  : 

"  I  think  my  husband  has  been  punished  enough  now, 
sir.  He  promises  that  he  wUl  be  good,  and  never  beat 
me  again." 

The  prisoner  would  then  be  sent  for.  When  he  ar- 
rived, Mr.  Duncan  would  go  out,  leaving  them  alone 
together  in  the  office  for  half  an  hour  or  so.  On  return- 
ing, he  would  take  pains  to  let  his  coming  be  known  by 
a  loud  cough,  or  by  shuffling  his  feet 

When  he  opened  the  door,  he  invariably  found  them 
in  opiKwite  comers  of  the  room,  as  far  away  from  each 
other  as  they  ooold  possibly  get 


I 


206 


M 


■  i 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


wi"  w**;  f^?  '^  "™  ""'  •»»  «"•  "-o  wo„,a  b«..  u. 
Yes.  sir." 

i«  pa^oJvi't:;^.^''!:^^^^^^^^^    f-  w  wire 

the  Wife,  "uudoul.HJl/tr^iue^r/^?^'  '"'•"*"«*« 
No  man  will  beat  a  goJlZZ  K  '''^"''  y'^'"^' 
not  be  better  also.    Go  Zm  ^7' «««  if  you  can- 

bebave  yourselves.  If  vouH!  "°'''  ^"^  °^  ^°"'  ^^ 
a«ain,  kneel  dowt  an^  ^  G^Th  f  ''*  "^^  «^  ^^^ 
it. "  •""  asK  OoU  to  help  you  to  overcome 

'^  ..  any  time  l^^^'ZT^'"'^  ""  '"^  '^°  «' 

*  *  * 

give  a  few  t  '      "'*  *"  » ""'""e-    I  can  only 

»a,d„,5,^,^i;^,^^-J*' Md  "p  u,ec«liag.    He 
Wm,  aadwaed  hto  „  5SC  "^ '°  «»"<»"=i»« 

"';»ri*;^*^',^,^-ztff°'™''''°  J'"' ■'■-'. 

never  lieani  „f  you  befo»  r  ^,  f™"*"  »°''  a»  I  have 
■nontl..  Bat,  as Te  ?7'!'  ',T"'  "'  y»°  °«  "''k  »»« 
keep  a  «„  ^S^g't"'™  f  ^„'„';  ^^^  ^  .^  g»i"g  to 
.oa  to  be  .noae.  ^  p..„.  ^"C-S,  I'Xt.'^ 


FROM  JUDGE  DUNCAN'S  DOCKET      207 


as 


•table>  and  live  at  hia  home  for  a  month,  or  as  1. 
you  do  what  he  t«lU.  you.    If  you  disobey  him,  .  wm 
give  him  orders  to  put  you  in  the  cell  at  ono;." 

He  went  away.  Mr.  Duncan  saw  him  occasionally, 
but  paid  no  attention  to  him,  nor  spoke  to  him,  untU  ^ 
time  was  up. 

He  then  sent  for  him  to  teU  him  that  he  was  now  a  free 
man,  and  could  go  wherever  he  wanted  to 

thfn"  ^r,"*^."  T^  «»T>"8ed,  or  pretended  to  be,  when 
the  man  thanked  him  for  his  kindness,  and  said  • 

'  I  have  never  lived  in  a  Christian  family  before.    I 
have  never  seen  the  life  of  Christian  people  until  now 
Your  constable  insisted  that  I  should  be  present  at  theii 
femi  y  prayers  every  day.    The  kindness  of  the  whole 

zT^i'^:i^r  ^-^oingtogeton;;:^^ 

^S  Ir^^  r  «^  *"  """^  '""^  ^»Jt  of  hi; 

agement  in  h.s  determination  to  turn  over  a  new  leaf. 
When,  some  years  later,  Mr.  Duncan  was  in  Victoria. 

to  flZnT^"^  T  *™'«*"«^  °P  «»«  «-e»°e  on  hLway 
to  Bishop  Cndge's  residence,  he  was  hailed  by  a  man^J 
a  buggy,  who  asked  if  he  might  offer  him  a  riSe     Mr 
Dun^n  accepted,  and  to  his  amazement  re^^izedThe 

Zt^^'     I*  **"*  '°*°  ^*"^"y  h^  be«o«e  convert 
Li  M    r°  ^"""^  *^  Metlakahtla,  that  he  had  aC 

eZvh  J    ,?'*?u''***''  *•'  ^^  J°>°«d  the  Methodist 
church,  of  which  he  now  was  a  prominent  member  hSd- 

some  humble  work  in  the  Lord's  vineyard. 


1 1 


208 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


but  will  Leip  you  Wllr,  *  ^^"^  '^^''^nt served. 
Will  pe««t  in  your  et  I  wuyVvon'J'J'^"  ^"^>  '^  ^^^ 
"•y  jurisdiction,  for  If  rrjoh  ^"^^  ''^•P  *»"*  °' 
Puuish  you  to  Lem  Jl^o?  T",  "^  "'"'*'  ^  ^"» 
feel  aaaured  of."  "'  °^  "'^  ^"'''  t^***  you  may 

The  mau  promised. 

liquor.    There  waa  ahimHa.,*       «*«"«ahtla,  and  sold 
As  he  had  ^re^  t^^l,''^  °i  *""  "'^'^  offence. 

-nthisconstaS^'af^lrhtwitSrl""''  ''"'  ^""^'"^ 
brought  him  back.  *  °'**  '^"'""^"t-    They 

gavere'in'vicCa?"'  '"^  ^°°^  P~-^'  -^-h  yon 

"nXITo  T f  tit"*  r" ''''  ^"^" 
IB  a  new  ch«l  airainsT  vo^    T..*'"*   "°^-    Here 
neases."       ^  ^  ^'  y°°'  '^"^  «»ere  are  the  wit- 

S!  ^J^"***''  ^"^  ^^^^^^^  *»>«  «>«>p  alone 

do^^p^r  SeTth^r '"^  ^°"-  «"^'  -'•-^  - 

liquor  de8tn,yed  ^°°^  ^"^  confiscated,  and  the 

ne?i!Jrp,^ShTcLl^^^  -•^  ^".^t  a 

throw  contumely  on  the  honoT?  '      ''"'  intevding  to 
badly,  and  died  p<K)r.  ^^  "^^    ^°'  ^^  fe«d 


FROM  JUDGE  DUNCAN'S  DOCKET      209 

The  trial  of  Jeter  Garcotitch  caiue  a  gof-1  deal  later, 
to  fact,  after  Mr.  Duncan's  return  from  bin  .irst  tour  t^ 
Europe,  of  which  we  shall  hear  later  on. 

On  his  return  (wm  Englan,!,  Mr.  Duncan  made  a  short 
■ojourn  in  Victoria.  One  evening  he  sat  down  at  table 
in  a  restaurant  with  a  German  friend.  It  was  soon  afUjr 
the  close  of  the  Franco- Prussian  war,  aud  this  war  was 
the  subject  of  their  discussion. 

Mr.  Duncan  happened  to  remark  that  he  thought  it 
was  a  just  and  proper  ending  of  a  war,  which  France 
had  had  no  business  to  declare. 

As  they  were  leaving,  a  man  at  the  next  table,  who 
evidently  wanted  to  pick  a  quarrel  with  them,  said  : 
^^  You  can  crow  now,  but  the  Pope  will  be  on  top 

n.i*^*  ^uJ^^  ^^^^  ^  y*'"'  »•••'"  answered  Mr. 
Duncan.  "What  do  you  mean,  anyway!  We  have 
nothing  to  do  with  your  Pope.  As  a  gentleman,  you 
ought  not  to  mix  up  in  our  couveraation,  when  we  did 
not  address  you." 

The  man  was  Peter  Garcotitch,  a  Slavonian  trader. 
He  afterwards  told  Mr.  Duucan's  agent  in  Victoria  that 
he  was  going  to  get  even  with  Duncan.  That  he  was  go- 
ing  up  to  his  island,  and  make  all  his  Indians  drunk. 

The  agent  told  him  he  better  not  do  that,  as  Mr. 

Duncan  wonld  put  him  in  jail  for  his  trouble.    Peter 

said  he  was  not  afraid  either  of  Duncan  or  the  devil. 

They  wonld  never  get  him. 

Several  months  later,  an  Indian  told  Mr.  Duncan  that 

MtM^T,"'  ^r^^^"'^'^  La"<J'°g.  f"  miles  or  so  from 
M^tohtla,   and   that   he  was  seiliug   liqnor   to  the 

"Do  you  know  it »" 

j>l!  ^*^,?'"'  J  ^P^  *^'^°8h  a  hole  in  the  tent,  when 
Peter  sold  a  bottle  to  another  Indian.    He  gave  me  the 


fi   I  ■ 


aiO  THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 

XTII'"" '""*'' "*^'^^"    ABdthelndlani. 

Hamblett,    a    Dane,    who    had    married    nn«  «/    *^ 
Metlakahth*  Indian?  and  wa«  then  Hv^J  In  JLuJ 
ment.  and  aaked  him  to  lake  two  Indian  S,nLbl«  w^tS 
him,  and  go  and  arrast  Peter.  "««oie8  wim 

Six  hours  later,  the  man  returned,  threw  the  w*r~n# 
down  in  front  of  Mr.  Duncan,  and  said  JewouS^f 
serve  it.  When  Peter  had  been  inform^  Jhat Tey  C 
LTT      M   ?*'"'  *•*  ^"**  P""«^  » revolver  aTdfw^ 

"  l5^n7'^'^  ^°°*  '^y  "^^  ^ho  tried  to  arrest  wT 

h^^  ^i  ^°"  '''"  """^  "^'  *»»«  "^"D  ^ill  you  have 
Wi  me.  llie  majesty  of  the  law  must  b^  mainSdnei 
Will  you  go  if  I  show  you  that  you  can  arrest  h^^^, 
out  any  danger  to  your  own  life  t "  ' 

"  Yes,  I  will." 

ealh'^'Lel^ll.?^"  ^°"  ^°^  »°^  *«°  ^^^''^  in 
!!?  :^*Jf  ^^  ^°*''*"  «^y  »  io«J«d  Kan.  When  yon 
get  with  n  gun-shot  distance  of  him,  stond  up  in  yo^ 
canoe,  with  the  warrant  in  your  hand.  Don't  you  ha" 
•  gun  But  have  eveiy  one  of  the  forty  IndianJaim  hij 
gunathiBh^  TI.encrytohim/'Holdupyow 
hands,  without  a  weapon,  at  once,  or  my  Indians  X 
ahoot  and  riddle  you  with  their  bulleta'If  heToJsiS 
obey,  command:  'Fire I'  If  he  does  comply'Zffo^ 
^^ard,  and  anest  him."  ^  ^'      ^ 

"All  right,  I  will  go." 

Everything  went  as  the  plan  was  laid.  Pour  or  five 
of  his  men  were  arrested,  and  twenty-three^L  of 
hquor  taken.  Peter  fled  up  the  riverrbuttoey^aSli 
i-pon^him  in  an  hour  or  two,  and  he  surL'S:::^ 

It  was  nearly  midnight  when  they  arrived. 
Mr.   Duncan,   Mr.  Duncan,"  caUed  Peber,  "there 


FROM  JUDGE  DUNCAN'S  DOCKET      211 
•«  two  huudred  luUlau.  aller  mo.    Tbey  want  to  km 

here -^ITd*]^  'm  ''«''*'  ^'^'-    ^°  °°«  '^'W  kill  you 
ttere,     said  Mr.   Duucau.     "Put  Lim  iu  the  iail  till 

moru.uft  aud  have  an  Indian  stand  guanl  over  him  J^d 

the  liquor  till  then,"  waa  the  order  to^Mr.  urble^^  ^ 

The  next  day  he  waa  brought  into  court,  and  asked  if 

he  wanted  any  oue  present  at  hia  trial.  ' 

at  the'ldint "'""°""'  *"'  '''"'"'  "'  "*^°  "'"^ 

••Ail  right    We  will  aend  for  them,  but  then  we 

cannot  have  the  trial  till  the  day  after  to-iiorl^w  '  "  "" 

^ta  was  80  ordered,  and  then  the  day  of  the  trial 

The  two  Indiana  then  testified  conclusively  to  the  sale. 
Duncan  now  turned  to  the  defendant : 
J^ow,  Pete,  do  you  want  any  one  sworn  to  t^nif^  *« 
your  good  character,  which  I  am  frank  to  ll^S 

•Very  weU  sir.    Be  sworn,  Harry  White." 
•^  Dig,  burly   miner   stepDed   forwArH    uro.  — . 

« « w  II      *^  ^®*^  ®^  pomposity : 

H«  HoI^kL^'''  '  *^''®  ^°°'''»  ^«*«  fo*"  these  many  years. 
He  has  been  a  respectable  and  honourable  man,  sir  ^ 

Siv^r  wTf  T  J'  '.^."^"^  ^^^™«^-'  nntii?h  :^'er 

"  Wh»r^       ^""""^  ^*  *'''*  "^"^^^  *«  *»»«  Indians." 
^^What   do   you   sayt    Did   you    know  him  to  do 

"I  do,  sir.  -Yes,  you  did,  Pete,  and  it  is  no  use  deny- 


W 


8ia  TH£  AP08TLK  OP  ALASKA 

Ing  it    I  am  nuder  oath  uow,  .Ir,  and  I  wUl  tell  th« 

until.     You  caouot  get  me  to  lie  for  yoa.»' 
"Pete,  do  you  waut  auy  other  witueHMea sworn f" 
I  can  well  imagine  the  bumoroua  twinkle  in  Mr.  Dun- 

CM  •eyes a«  be  put  thia question  to  the  defendant 
"No,  sir,"  was  Pete's  surly  answer. 

*u^f  ^M  convicted,  of  course,  and  paid  in  "spot  cash" 

the  fine  of  five  huudrad  dollars  imposed 

confls^te  the  liquor,  as  we  could  not  prove  that  it  was 

^on^^aM.*"  1°  '^'  ^"•"^•^"^  •*»^"»'  hi.  positive 
Mwition  that  it  was  brought  here  to  sell  to  the  miuexi" 

oaT.^/  n*'*^'"'^'  "^""^  """"^  ""^^^   ^^  twenty. three 

c«sks  of  Uquor.    But  it  did  him  no  good.     He  had  to 

pacK    it,  at  great  expense,  over  the  Divide,  into  ibeln- 

!r°n  ,  J^  *"  ***  ^^""^  •*'  *•"  destination,  he  applied  to 
the  GoldCommiflsioner  for  a  license.  He,  however,  re- 
fused  to  grant  him  one,  as  be  had  beard  that  be  had  been 
convicted  before  Mr.  Duncan. 

'•Mr.  Duncan  trumped  up  a  case  against  me." 
I  know  Duncan,  sir.    He  is  an  honest  and  consoien* 
lions  man,  who  trumps  np  no  case  against  any  man.    Yon 
can  get  no  license  hei«." 

As  be  could  not  even  get  a  permit  to  seU  the  liquor  to 
Bomeoneetae,  he  was  obliged  to  "pack"  it  back  again. 

«;!n2ri,-"*°'*'a?'^  °°'  *^"  P^^  ^<>^'  ^^^  transaction 
ruined  bim.    Shortly  afterwards,  he  committed  suicide, 
ihe  way  of  the  transgressor  is  hard  I 


•I  i 


il 


rIT)*  "f.'"'?  l""  *""■'«>  <1">  HudMn'.  Baj  Com- 


FROM  JUDGE  DUNCAN'S  DOCKET      Sil3 

To    acGoae   this   "honomnble"    oompwiy,    and    ito 

honourable"  dirwtons  the  very  power  behind  the 
throne  in  the  Province,  of  the  moHt  heluuua  offence  then 
known  to  that  country  I 

But  they  should  soon  And,  if  they  did  not  suspect  it  al- 
ready,  that  Mr.  Duncan  was  no  respecter  of  pereons,  or 
even  of  the  mightiest  corporation  in  the  land. 

Among  ther,  not  altogether  excellent,  assistants, 
which  the  Church  Missionary  Society  had,  from  time  to 
time,  sent  him,  was  an  ez-prize  fighter,  named  Cun- 
nlughara,  who  claimed  to  have  been  converted,  bat 
whose  conversion  was  not  any  deeper  than  that  he,  on  hia 
way  up  to  act  as  a  missionary,  gambled  away  every  cent 
be  had. 

Mr.  Duncan  soon  found  him  out,  and  sent  him  aboot 
his  business.  This  was  just  the  proper  man  for  the  Com- 
pany :  he  could  put  them  right  with  the  Indiana  So 
they  picked  him  up,  and  appointed  him  agent  at  Fort 
Simpson. 

It  was  rumoured  about  that  liquor  was  being  sold  at 
the  Port  to  the  Indians.  One  of  Mr.  Duncan's  con- 
Jtables,  wholly  on  his  own  account,  and  anxious  to  secure 
the  moiety  of  the  fine  which  the  law  allowed  to  the  in- 
former,  got  a  Port  Simpson  Indian  to  take  a  marten  skin, 
go  into  the  Port,  and  ask  for  a  bottle  of  whiskey 

The  assistant-trader,  a  Norwegian,  Hans  Bjomson  by 
name  sent  him  to  the  side  door  of  the  warehouse,  where 
Cunningham  came,  examined  his  skin,  and  then  gave  a 
bottle  to  Hans,  who,  in  turn,  handed  it  to  the  Indian, 
who  again  brought  it  to  the  constable  waiting  outside  the 
gate  of  the  Fort.  ui«u«  uio 

The  evidence  was  not  very  strong.  The  only  corrob- 
oration  of  the  Indian  who  bought  it  being  that  of  the 
constable  that  he  saw  him  go  into  the  Fort  with  the  skin, 
and  come  out  soon  after,  without  it,  and  that  he  brought 


ill 


214 


r4 

I 


(H 


I  i 


If 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


rather  tliaa  to  taae  .  w.™,t%,  tb^     ^"S^ZS 
da^  Mr.  C„n„i„gl™  appeared,  bat  -« l^BoJ^ 

wort,  said:  °  *""' "^  ■"■»' °P<»  the  opening  of 

«oZSe^°"  **"  ""  *«  "^■"■"  yo-  <«.k  fi»m  tb. 
"No,  sir." 
"Why  not,  sir t" 
"  He  did  not  come  back  before  1  kit" 

tbej"  "'  """""»*>«  "'«'  tte  contobte  ™ 

"No,  sir." 

Mr.  Duncan,  who  knew  that  this  was  fidae.  aiwl  i^ 
formnlated  bis  plan,  annonnoed ,"™  ™  "^  ™  »»* 

"This  ease  stands  a^jonmed  till  to-morrow  forenoon 
^^^e™,  o-clod,  at  wbicb  tin.,  yon  wiu  ^^^" 

.of^r&-'r.ei^i----- 

to  speak  to  him.  ^  ^'  Cw^^ingham 

They  started  at  once,  and  soon  hanled  in  on  Cunidiw. 


FROM  JUDGE  DUNCAN'S  DOCKET      216 

ham,  who,  suspectiug  aomething  to  be  in  the  wind,  had 

hurried  back.    Seeiug  their  canoe  hurrying  by,  Cunning. 

ham  tried  to  follow  it.    Fortunately,  a  fog  came  in  from 

the  sea  just  then.    The  constables,  noticing  the  other 

canoe  following  them,  changed  their  course,  and  paddled 

with  hard  strokes  out  to  sea.    After  them,  as  fast  as  he 

could  go,  went  Cunningham.    When  they  thought  they 

had  got  him  sufficiently  out  of  the  right  courae,  they 

placed   their  paddles   in   the   water,    noiselessly    and 

stealthily,  but  with  heavy  pulls,  steering  their  canoe  in 

towards  the  land,  and  reached  Fort  Simpson,  arrested 

Hans  Bjomson,  and  were  a  couple  of  miles  on  their  way 

back,  when  they  met  Cunningham's  canoe,  which  had 

lost  Its  bearings  in  the  dense  fog.    He  tried  to  speak  to 

Bjomson,  but  the  constables  knew  their  business,  and 

flew  past  him,  singing  their  canoe  song  so  loudly  that  no 

one  could  get  a  word  in  edgewise. 

Amved  at  Metlakahtla,  and  brought  before  Mr.  Dun- 
can, B^  Bjomson  fWly  and  voluntarily  admitted  the 
transaction,  and  said  he  wanted  to  plead  guilty,  but  Mr. 
Dun(»n  put  him  in  a  cell  till  the  next  morning,  when  he 
was  brought  into  court  and  confronted  with  Cunning- 
ham,  who  tried  in  vain  to  get  into  communication  wiSi 
iiim. 

Bjorason's  case  was  called  first,  and  he  pleaded  guilty, 
though  Cunningham  tried,  by  gestures  and  grimaces,  to 
have  him  stand  trial.  ^^ 

Cunningham  denied  everything,  but  was  comicted,  as 
Mr.  Duncan  considered  the  Indians'  story  at  least  mor- 
ally, if  not  legally,  corroborated  by  the  assistant's  plea  of 

As  it  was  only  one  single  transaction,  and  the  maximum 

fhlJl  ?'"!?;?  5°"^  **^  *°  ^  apportioned  between 
them  (at  least  that  was  the  way  Mr.  Duncan  understood 
the  law),  he  fined  Cunningham  four  hundred  and  Itjom. 


■ii 


1';^ 


316 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


son  one  hundred  dollars,  which  fines,  of  course,  had  <»  h. 

t  Ji!  ^y^'^y  afterwards  sued  out  a  writ  of  error,  but 
the  conviction  was  held  good,  and  the  Hudson's  BaTcom 

TLTus  tL*:;  z^-o.i^g-  that  it  hr^en^^^; 

ter,  and  its  second  Waterloo  in  its  fleht  with  th«  inlil 
lay-missionaiy  of  Metlakahtla.  ^^ 


II 


III 


XXVII 

BACK  IN  OLD  ENGLAND 

THE  following  incident  will  show  the  wonderfbl 
influence  Mr.  Duncan's  personality   exerted, 
even  over  neighbouring  Indians  not  belonirine 
to  his  colony.  *    * 

Two  white  miners  had  been  murdered  by  a  party  of 
Indians.    A  war-ship  was  despatched  to    he  village  to 
compel  the  surrender  of  the  murderers.    After  a  parley 
the  Indians  gave  up  two  of  the  three  men  implicated' 
According  to  their  notion  of  law  and  justice,  they  had 
then  done  all  that  could  be  required  of  them.    Two  lives 
had  been  lost,  and  two  were  given  up  to  satisfy  the  de- 
mands  of  the  Whites.    So,  even  had  their  village  been 
bombarded,  which  the  captain  threatened  to  do,  it  is 
questionable  whether  they  would  have  gone  any  farther 
At  least  the  ship  left  with  only  this  partial  result  ae' 
complished. 

Six  months  later  the  same  warship  came  to  Metlakahtla. 
This  time  not  on  an  errand  of  war,  but  for  the  purpose  of 
bringing  the  Bishop  of  Columbia  to  the  village.  When 
It  had  signalled  ite  arrival,  by  firing  a  gun,  Mr.  Duncan 
<»me  out  in  a  canoe,  manned  by  ten  Indians.  By  his 
side  sat  an  Indian,  who  was  not  handling  a  paddle.  It 
was  the  murderer,  whom  the  heathen  village  had  refused 
to  surrender  to  the  war-ship.  He  was  now  Mr.  Duncan's 
prisoner.  Some  time  after  the  war-ship  had  left,  havinir 
accidentally  come  under  the  spell  of  his  preachinir  he 
went  to  Mr.  Duncan,  and  said : 

217 


■] 


^f^ 


S18 


\'  ,■ 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


"  Wbatever  you  tell  me  to  do,  I  will  do     if  ^^        t 

tiOD  that  he  would  ri™  hLS  „„    /"^  ^  "°*'- 
■hip  eaae  up  the  «Z  '  """  *"  "«'  ""• 

bariT.  ^hKoThrL^rot'^'^  --«-'«' . 

:;The  w^^lp  ^  ie^.Th^^u^rar.."""  "" ' 
You  must  come  with  me  as  a  pri»>uer." 

jor.tth\tL:^raLri:;.:.^rt^^'r»,r°°'~"'-' 

had  accomplished  ®  ^^''^^^  miasionaiy 

that  his  compalns  ^^^^^^^^  V"^«°  ^^^  f«« 

joined  in  theSg  ofte  ^nd  hrw"^  ""'""^"^ 
«ving  the  life  of  th!  JhiM  mT    '    °'  "^"^  '"'^^  ^" 

ItaH,  he  we.tthCh^JtL^^"™' '"•»«»•■'"* 

■»"y  >«>m>w  Z^  kT  ^»K  «P«ience^  and  had 

'  '*'*'^  ■'"'>  i"  "Pile  of  the  manydiill. 


BACK  IN  OLD  ENGLAND  S19 

cuUies  which  he  had  to  overcome,  he  laid  the  fouodatioo 
for  a  great  work,  which  should  bloom  grandly  after  he 
left;  the  field. 

Before  beiug  compelled  to  leave  for  Englaud,  by  reason 
cf  a  death  iu  his  family,  he  removed  the  mission  station 
to  Kiucolith,  heretofore  mentioned  in  these  pages.  This 
was  done  by  him  in  coiyunction  with  the  Rev.  R.  Tomlin- 
son,  a  graduate  of  Dublin  Univtitjity,  both  an  earnest  and 
talented  evangelical  preacher,  and  a  practicing  physi- 
cian as  well,  who  arrived  in  MetlakahUa  from  Englaud 
in  the  year  1867. 

Given  his  choice  as  to  whether  he  would  remain  at 
Metlakahtla,  or  take  over  the  mission  on  the  Nass  River 
he  promptly  chose  the  latter.  The  fact  was,  that  his 
mind  had,  while  in  Victoria,  been  thoroughly  poisoned 
against  Mr.  Duncan  by  the  Rev.  P.  Gribbel,  who,  with 
his  wife  and  child,  had  also  come  out  to  help  Mr.  Duncan, 
but  who  found  that  they  could  not  stand  it  more  than 
seven  weeks. 

I  believe  Mrs.  Gribbel  was  the  lady,  who,  when  she 
was  presented  with  a  goose,  had  to  send  for  one  of  the 
Indian  women  and  have  her  teach  her  how  to  cook  it 
Of  course,  that  did  not  strengthen  the  confidence  of  the 
native  women  in  her  ability  to  take  care  of  the  training 
school,  where  their  daughters  were,  by  her  to  be  initiated 
into  the  mysteries  of  housekeeping,  as  practiced  by  the 
whites. 

Mr.  Tomlinson,  however,  after  a  few  months,  found 
the  stories  which  Mr.  Gribbel  had  told  him  to  be  abso- 
lutely  false,  and,  after  overcoming  his  first  prejudice, 
became  Mr.  Duncan's  truest  and  best  friend,  and  the 
strongest  and  trustiest  colleague  he  at  any  time  has  found 
in  his  labours.  He  made  a  great  success  of  the  Kincolith 
mission,  where  he  remained,  a  faithful  servant  in  the 
Master's  vineyard,  unUl  1878,  when  he  thought  he  saw  a 


l\ 


^A 


i   I 


M 


sso 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


mow  fruitftU  field  amoDg  some  of  the  tribes  livimr  on  ♦!.. 
bead^^.««of  theSkee^sBiver,  ...::'!r.'^1^;;:^ 

an?  !!?fJ^*  ^"""^  *°^  ^o'^  I>i8  own  old  loir  hoii»i. 

whe.:Te^L?"  *?;P°*?  -^«-  "  bad  stood,  L?^ 
wnere  he  Lad  a  full  and  nnobstructed  view  of  th«f^ 
^noj-  of  the  village,  which  at  this  poi^  c^I  tiefh^i  « 
tX  pS  bltilif''^'*'  ''*  ^'«^°"  House, ^«Sll^^,^ 

6^^x32,  .n^ining  on  t.e  ^rfio:/s:ri2gerd"::5 

rooms.    On  the  second  floor  was.  hMi<i<»  ««™  ^^^ 

Most  of  his  yonng  men  followed  this  advice,  and  t^thu 

XXTell  r^TtTcrr  -^-—ttoitsao. 

S^nf  °^/^''^  «>'°Pa''i«of  tenmeXrseach. 
th  Jl^n  ^,°**'''  ^°''  y®*"^  »  «low  but  steady  proinWof 
the  village  in  eveiy  particolar.    Of  oours^'^Sr^' 


BACK  IN  OLD  ENGLAND 


Ml 


drawbacks,  and  diffloulties,  even  troubles,  sometimea. 
There  always  are.  But  Mr.  Duncan's  words  show  bow 
well  he  and  his  people  knew  how  to  meet  them.  He 
writes  in  1868 : 

"  The  enemy  is  only  permitted  to  annoy,  but  not  to  destroy, 
us,  only  to  make  us  stand  more  to  our  arms,  and  look  more  im- 
plormgly  and  continually  to  heaven.  Nor  is  he  permitted  to 
triumph  over  us." 

One  joyful  sign  of  spiritual  progress  was  the  formation  of 
the  young  men,  to  the  number  of  one  hundred  or  more,  into 
Bible  classes  for  the  study  of  the  Word.  The  young  women 
of  the  training  school,  at  about  the  same  time,  took  charge 
of  similar  classes  among  the  women,  young  and  old,  and 
often  did  the  elders  of  the  church,  and  other  earnest 
Christian  men,  go  to  Port  Simpson,  and  to  other  neigh- 
bouring tribes  to  bring  to  their  heathen  brethren  the  glad 
Gospel  message,  which  had  fired  their  own  hearts. 

A  missionary  spirit  was  over  the  people,  which  testi- 
fied greatly  to  their  own  Christian  sincerity  and  uprigh^ 
ness. 

MeUakahtla  was  becoming  what  had  always  been  Mr. 
Duncan's  wish,  a  brilliant  beacon  light  on  the  desolate 
^orthwest  coast,  sending  its  splendid  rays  in  all  direc- 
tions,  the  guidinsj  star  of  the  heathen  tribes,  towards  the 
only  port  of  safety  and  happiness,  on  a  rocky  and  damrer- 
ous  coast. 

But  at  this  time  Mr.  Duncan  had  ftirther  ambitions  for 
the  young  settlement    He  writes  : 

"The  spirit  of  improvement,  which  Christianity  has  engen- 
dered among  these  people,  needs  fresh  material  and  knowledge, 
in  order  to  develop  itself.  The  sources  of  industry,  at  present 
in  the  hands  of  the  Indians,  are  too  limited  and  inadequate  to 
enable  them  to  meet  their  increased  expenditures  as  a  Christian 
and  avilized  community,  which  is  no  longer  able  to  endure  the 


in 


h 


822 


'!■    r 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


rode  httti,  and  half-nakedness  of  the  mv««  a  • 
of  young  men  are  growioK  un  in  fhl^T^  *  '^P'"'  »""«>«■ 
W  work  must  be  found  fo?  hem  ^f*'?"' ^^o  want  work. 
They  will  be  drawn  to  the  aeSemenS  n^^K^wu*"*^  *'"  f°»o^' 
be«  of  them  will  b^sure  tob^Sl°Iu*''*y^''"«.*herenum- 
^nan'.  vices  and  di»fiu«."       ^°°*  *•"*  ^'^""s  of  the  white 

The  «U1  of  the  hlXf  ^l^T''  "'i"'*"  »"« 
he  could  go,  and  flnd  ™..^  °pon  bm.    Tbcre  be  felt 

h.  .gain  rjdtt^Lt  r 'tj::^  r?.'r"  """■ 

toin  order.  The  vmZ?^?f  ^'^P*'" *° ^° *« "»ain. 
Pected  Of  it  Th^'^r^^^^^^'^^^^^^^^t^^^^x- 
chargeof  the«to^,Tndrgo:;,lTr'-  r^'"^'  ^^ 
He  felt  that  they  had  ^j^rferr^  ?i,  .""^  thesawmill. 

structions  they  Vo^d  iL^iSf ^  '  '^"'  ''^"^  Properin- 
J-ponU  gove^^eTof^The^'^Sl^e^ -^« -^^^ 
he  oonid  trost  them  and  *i.oVVk  ^  ^^^'    ^®  '^"e^ 

».^eftu,rappa„^;;CS^t„''«y  -«"  t»  him,  were 


BACK  IN  OLD  ENGLAND  228 

other  hand-shake.    And  even  after  the  last  fe«w«ii      a 

old  Engla^     ^"^  ^^  ^'  "^"^^  knowledge  of,  from 
It  reads  as  foUows : 


"Teasing  -] 
Carding 
Spinning 
Weaving 
Cleaning 
Dyeing 
Drying 


Wool 


Making  soap 
"  brushes 
"  baskets 
"  rope 
"  clogs 
"  staves 


Dressing  deer  skins 
Making  bricks 
"       tiles 

Gardening 

Photography  " 


rash  to  mit  motheTand^ia?  ^^  "^"""^  *"«  ^^^'d 
hood  acquainSnSr  Not  JL  h^  ^^  ^"'"'«  ^"^  «»^"d- 
the  onSirte  S  t^town  ^tn«lfT'  "^  ** "°  ^""  ^^ 
about,  a  great  d^l  oT  fh.^^   ^  *•*  *P*°*  ^»°d«ri°« 

Sunday,  he  went  towards  the  old  chapel  of  ease^ 


994 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


St.  John's  CboKb,  where  he  had  spent  so  many  hoan  of 
devotion,  but,  as  he  ueared  It,  he  saw  a  man  he  knew, 
and  though  the  beardless  youth  had  returned  a  man,  with 
heavy,  full,  sandy  whiskers,  he  was  afraid  of  a  recogni- 
tion, which  he  did  not  desire  yet,  and  pretended  to  be 
busy  wiping  his  face  with  his  handkerchief,  as  he  passed 
by  on  the  other  side  of  the  street 

The  Methodist  church  was,  he  thought,  the  only  safe 
place  for  him  to  worship  in  that  day. 

Towards  evening,  he  sought  the  residence  of  bU  former 
employer,  Mr.  Cussons,  who  recognised  him  at  once.  He 
kindly  consented  to  go  the  next  morning  to  prepare  Mr. 
Duncan's  mother  for  his  return.  The  old  lady  would  not 
believe  it,  when  he  first  suggested  that  her  son  was  likely 
to  return  home  very  soon,  and  Mr.  Cussons  had  to  go  a 
second  time  to  assure  her  that  she  would  see  him  that 
day,  before  she  could  make  .up  her  mind  that  it  was  so. 

While  he  needed  rest  very  much,  after  his  assiduous 
labours,  he  soon  started  on  his  round  of  learning  the 
various  trades.  He  went  to  an  old  Irish  woman,  who, 
for  one  shilling,  taught  him  the  mysteries  of  the  spinning, 
▼heel,  and  then  thought  that  a  fortune  had  fallen  to  her : 
to  Manchester  for  the  weaving,  carding,  etc.,  of  wool :  to 
Yarmouth  to  learn  ropemaking,  and  how  to  construct 
rope-walks,  and  to  other  places  to  learn  to  make  dogs, 
or  wooden-soled  shoes,  and  cooperage. 

And  he  learned  all  that  he  was  to  learn,  and  learned  it 
quickly.  He  had  extensive  notes  of  every  trade,  and 
each  and  every  particular  connected  with  it,  in  his  mem- 
orandum book. 

Nor  did  he  forget  photography.  He  brought  back 
with  him  a  photographic  apparatus,  plates,  and  chemicals. 
He  was  the  first  photographer  on  the  Northwest  coast, 
and  many  of  the  Illustrattons  given  In  these  pages  from 
old  Methikahtia  are  tvom  photographic  phites  taken  by 


I  I 


Ih 


1 
•I 


METLAKAHTLA  BASEBALL  NINE 


THE  BRASS  BAND  AT  METLAKAHTLA 


BACK  IX  OLD  ENGLAND 


925 
were  g«a.VS  h  J«       f  ''''°°''  •""•  ""  «"'•. 

•bout  MOO,  ,:„'X"'  fofh  r  '?h.''°"r?"'"'-^"> 

tad  become  IntenX  .iL„      ..      .  "'"''"  "''*'°'''  "b" 
"  Indian  JSHd  ?m°J!'^  *"  ""°'"'  "">■»  '■« 

b-t  had  go.  Into  ™,Snl°y  wuH?""'" '°  "'"' »° ' 
1^^  np.  a„d  pe,.„p;  wonidTu'Slt:  X^T 

b«.d^rer"  ''°'  '""^  y°"  l"^  «  «t  of  br.. 
''Ihave.    Whalabontltt" 

"What  do  you  want  them  fort " 
bnt  whJn  Mr.  ^n^TZ!^T^  «  bep^ceeded , 


936 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


(I 


•I  said  they  were  not  for  sale.  But  that  does  not 
prevent  my  making  you  a  present  of  them,  does  it  t  You 
may  take  them.  I  hope  you  will  have  more  joy  from 
them  than  I  have  had  from  the  ungrateftil  men  I  bonirht 
them  for."  ^ 

He  now  had  the  instruments.    But  the  next  thing  was 
how  to  teach  the  Indians  to  play  on  them. 

After  a  short  sojourn  in  San  Francisco,  whrae  he  was 
fortunate  enough  to  secure,  at  a  cheap  rate,  a  set  of 
looms  and  other  machinery  for  a  weaving  plant,  from  a 
manufacturer  who  intended  to  put  improved  machinery 
into  his  own  fectory,  he  landed  in  Victoria  on  his  way 
home.  He  there  heard  of  a  very  fine  music  teacher.  He 
called  on  him  and  told  him  he  wanted  to  learn  the 
gamut  of  aU  the  thirty  pieces  he  had  obtained  for 
his  band.  The  teacher  opened  his  eyes.  One  man. 
thirty  pieceu !  i 

"  But  I  have  only  a  very  limited  time." 
"  How  much  time  have  you  t " 
"I  leave  here  in  eight  days  for  the  North." 
The  music  teacher  almost  fainted  away. 
But  he  did  not  know  his  pupil.    Mr.  Duncan  took 
eleven  lessons,  paid  him  $11.00,  and,  when  he  was  through, 
he  had  learned  the  gamut  of  them  all. 

After  he  came  home,  he  called  some  of  the  young  men 
together,  gave  them  the  instruments,  showed  them  how 
to  use  them,  and  told  them  to  go  out  in  the  forest  to 
practice  on  them.  This  they  did,  and  what  a  noise  they 
made !  * 

They  came  back  after  a  couple  of  hours,  and  told  him 
that  they  knew  how  now.  He  was  not  so  sure.  He  was 
not  going  to  let  them  get  away  with  the  instruments  any- 
how.  So  he  made  them  hang  them  ^p  on  the  wall  in  his 
office,  and  come  back  another  day  and  practice  some 
more. 


■  ii 


BACK  m  OLD  ENGLAND  ^27 

I*teron,  he  had  a  Germ  J!        ?'^- 
^ho  was  quite amu?ic^'Tn.r^/°"^  ^~"^  ^^^toria, 
iiutoioted  the  natim  forT^*  °^  ^  MethikahUa.    He 
Instruction  they  wr/^  fZ  """"^'t    '^^' ''  '^  the 
'ft  they  have  teugh7th^Iw"'^/*!^**P«>PJe-    The 

W-  Old  concertina  i^SS^r  ^^^t'^  '  ^"^  «««-*-« 


^  11 


XXVIII 

HOME  AGAIN 

JXJST  a  few  days  more  than  a  year  after  leaving  for 
England  Mr.  Duncan  returned  to  Metlakahtla,  on 
the  2l8t  of  February,  1871. 
If  he  had  ever  had  any  doubt  of  the  affection  with 
which  the  Indians  clung  to  him,  such  doubt  was  very 
promptly  dissipated  by  the  manner  iu  which  he  was  re- 
ceived on  his  home-coming. 
I  prefer  to  let  Mr.  Duncan  describe  it  himself: 

"The  news  of  my  arrival  at  the  mouth  of  the  Skeena  River 
had  travelled  to  Metlakahtla,  and  on  the  following  morning  a 
large  canoe  arrived  from  there  to  fetch  me  home.  The  happy 
crew,  whose  hearts  seemed  brimful  of  joy  at  seeing  me  back, 
gave  me  a  very  warm  welcome.  I  readily  decided  to  leave 
the  steamer,  and  to  proceed  at  once  to  Metlakahtla  with  my 
Indian  friends,  who  assured  me  that  the  village  was  in  a  great 
state  of  excitement  at  the  prospect  of  my  return. 

"  We  were  favoured  with  a  strong,  fair  wind,  and,  with  two 
sails  up,  we  dashed  along  merrily  through  a  boiling  sea.  I 
now  felt  that  I  was  indeed  homeward  bound. 

"My  happy  friends,  having  nothing  to  do  but  watch  the 
sails,  and  sit  still,  could  give  free  vent  to  their  long  pent-up 
feelings,  and  so  they  poured  out  one  piece  of  news  after  an- 
other, in  rapid  succession,  and  without  any  regard  to  order,  or 
the  changes  their  reports  produced  upon  my  feelings ;  thus  we 
had  good  and  bad,  solemn  and  frivolous,  news,  all  mixed  indis- 
criminately. 

"  On  sighting  the  village,  in  accordance  with  a  preconcerted 
urangement,  a  flag  was  hoisted  over  our  canoe,  as  a  signal  to 
the  villagers  that  I  was  on  board. 

"Very  soon  we  could  discern  quite  a  number  of  flags  flying 
ovCT  the  village,  and  Indians  hurrying  towards  the  place  of 
landmg.    Before  we  reached  the  beach,  large  crowds  had  as- 

228 


HOME  AGAIN  229 

sembled  to  ereet  mm     n 

went  a  canJon.  Z',  w?"„"4'i?P>  ^  ^^  »''•  «=«°«.  bang 
other.     Then,  some  of  tb^Vf^;^  °»  "X /eet.  bang,  went  J 

the  groups  and  came  forward  hS,KS  "f  PP^«^«y  from 
On  my  advancing,  the  corM  of^nf'.  uf  ^'"''^  me  warmly. 

muskets;  then  all ttswaffedTd'^'f  ^'^''"««^  'heS 
my  hand  ensued.  '^'  *°°  *  general  rush  to  seize 

had  'l^'ly  overlooked ThtihKudr™  ""IMT™  «''°'».  • 

"  How  sweet  it  was  tn  fin^  ,r 

^m;  and.  sweeter  stillVto  ".  aKL^f^!"  /■^'^J'  °'^"  «"'« 
care  over  me.  '-^"''  ^'^^  ^r  all  His  preserving 

ing'mrhrs^^o^e^iC^^huT^h  '^^  "°-d- 

they  hurned  to  the  church,  and.  when  I  ^,?*L""?-  ^'  °"« 
Such  a  sight  I  After  a  minute's  S£  ^"^' ''  ^^  fi"ed. 
g.v.ng  to  God,  after  which  faddrSidrh  ''*'^°"'!*^ '"  ^''^"ks- 
twenty  minutes.  This  conclud«fT  J'' V*™'"^  ^O'  about 
»everal  leading  ChristianTen" t^^Ll^'  accompanied  by 

toS  m"e%r  '^^^i'*^^^^^^^^  £!-^  - 

lo  see  me  once  again,  and  Onrf  k,Vi  '^^''^"  *o  <^od  to  be  spared 

revived  their  hSrts  X^uch ^S^^  n^'^^^^^^"^^^^ 
visits  I  made  up  doses  of  raedicine^r^^  ^-  P"  finishing  my 
then  sat  down  fSr  a  little  re^Sh^enf  '''"''  °'  '"'^  ^•'=''' «°d 

fiAv^nr/eXi^rgT^M '  "^r-  -•''>  ««-«t 

Chnsnan  friends,  which  /hid  dowiln'^^'*"  ™'^««  f~™ 

them  how  much  we  were  praved  for  h   "^  "05?-book.   told 

England,  and  scanned  over  the  orinHn,^  "'"^  Christians  in 

and  doings  in  England      We  sa?SrS*-'u"*'u°^'»y  voyage 

the  village  was  lighted  up,  and  the  n^^'l"'^^ ''"*  ^''^^ 'bw 

from  the  favoured  fifty  whit  I  harf  L^P'*'.""  "^"''"^  to  hear 

not  go  to  bed  at  all,  bit  saf  up  all  nST?i^***'-     >^any  dS 

had  heard.  P*"  "'«bt.  talking  over  what  they 


230 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


"Such  IS  *  bnef  account  of  my  reception  at  Metlakahtla.  I 
could  but  reflect  how  diflerent  this  was  to  the  reception  I  had 
among  the  same  people  in  1857.  Then  they  were  all  super- 
stitiously  afraid  of  roe,  and  regarded  with  dread  suspicion  my 
every  act.  It  was  with  feelings  of  fear  and  contempt  they  an- 
proached  me  to  hear  God's  Word,  and,  when  I  prayed  amo£ 
them,  I  prayed  alone.  None  understood.  None  respondel 
Now,  how  things  have  changed  I  Love  has  Uken  the  place  of 
fear,  and  hght  the  place  of  darkness,  and  hundreds  are  intelli- 
gently able,  and  devoutly  wiUing,  to  join  me  in  prayci  and 
praise  to  Almighty  God.  f  vT"^  •«" 

"  To  God  be  all  the  praise  and  glory  I  " 

Any  amoDDt  of  work  was  now  before  him.  The 
spiritual  part,  of  course,  naturally  first  occupied  his  at- 
tention. Then  there  were  the  sit^,  wLo  needed  medicine 
and  advice.  Again,  the  constables  ui^ed  upon  him  an 
examination  and  :oadjudication  of  the  law  cases,  which 
the  council  had  settled  temporarily.  And,  strangely 
enough,  there  was  only  one  of  these  cases  in  which  M*. 
Duncan  found  it  neoessaiy  to  modify  their  rulings  and 
decisions. 

There  were  thirteen  marriages  to  celebrate.  And  then 
the  new  improvements  were  to  be  planned,  and  laid  out 
and  started. 

Sixty  men  were  set  to  work  at  once.    A  repewalk  was 
built,  also  a  building  for  the  weaving  enterprise,  a  shop 
for  the  clog  manufacturing,  a  cooper's  shop,  and  a  sash . 
and  door  sho^,  and  soon  the  wheels  of  industry  were 
humming  in  the  little  village. 

Of  more  especial  interest  to  us  is  the  weaving  industry. 
The  women,  with  their  spinning-wheels,  on  which  the 
mountain  sheep's  wool  was  spun,  have  been  immortalized 
in  the  illustration  from  a  photograph  taken  by  Mr.  Dun- 
can, on  the  opposite  page.  A  number  of  others  were  en- 
gaged at  the  looms,  fair  wages  were  paid  the  workers, 
and  excellent  work  turned  out    A  spedaitj  was  made  of 


m 


n, 


HOME  AGAIN  jgj 

Sel^j'fhf '  °'^''^r'^  alw»y,wo«  ontdde  of 

toe  srj'  oJ  thl'  ^'""'"'^  '^'""  ^^  '^"^  «bawte  now  in 
we  siocic  of  the  g^ore  at  new  Metlakahtia    ^^a  ~  tl 

acknowledge  t^-ttU.^or^^^^^''^^^^;:^^ 
It  w  claimed  that  they  could  not  wear  them  Z 
tJ^f"^^  /"*'  *^®  magnificent  new  church  buildinir 
drained.    Logs  were  cut,  and  rafted  to  the  mill,  for  the 

ir'uTr^H  °'?';  ^'**°"^*  ^°"<*^"^'  -<»  -o"  h: 

DroJni  !  T^.^"**  '^^^'^  '^""^  ^^'""^  themselves  busy 
ppeparing  a  stock,  not  only  for  the  chureh,  but  also  fop 
toe  new  buildings  of  the  village,  for  the  piple  C,  oJ 
toe  advice  of  Mr.  Duncan,  determined  U?Tebuild1hS 
village  in  a  more  substantial  manner. 
But  It  took  time  to  accomplish  all  these  improvements. 

n^vr:;rfr'-^-^-^^^ 

Sfnr\  ^  ^  '*°°**'°''  ^~'"  ^^°»  of  «60.00  for  each 
house,  had  replaced  their  old  temporarv  dwdlin«  l^ 
eighty-seven  new,  substantial  double  h^oTtwo^i^^ 

rj^Lrv^rr^--^  chimneyT^nirhrr. 

him''Ld"i!f~*  *°^  "^^  '^^^^'  ^'^'^  »>««'»  l«id  out  by 
?nH '  .^  ^^  "''''  °®*"y  *^°««J  i°.  and  contained  flower 
^d  berry  gardens  in  the  front,  and  vegeta^lel^i;; 

-urn:  ZJ^^^  ^:  ""^«  village^commeS:^^ 
England  tow^'^  ""^  "**^  appearance  of  a  New 

wh^Hv  ?J^^  !'  *  "^^  °^  °^«'"  •^2,000,  was  erected 
ttv^  ^«.ei.lf  °''*^.°""*"^°""°^  partly 'from  STnT 

The  bahuice  was  provided  from  the  profits  of  the  trad- 


888  THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

ing  euterprlses  of  the  village.    Not  one  dollar  of  its  cost 
J^j^";'ibated  from  the  funds  of  the  Church  Misdonary 

Some  time  later  was  completed  the  building  of  the 

two^storey  schoolhouse,  coutaining  a  large  auditorium, 

with  a  seating  capacity  of  about  800.    At  times,  when  a 

arge  number  of  the  people  were  away  on  fishing  expedi- 

tions,  this  room  was  used  for  church  purposes. 

That  he  had  not  one  moment's  rest  aU  day,  and  many 

iT  n^  "^^^^^  ^"  **'^""  *°  ««'  ^^  ^ork  out  of  the 
way,  wiU  be  apparent  when  we  for  a  moment  consider 
hiF  varied  occupations  and  duties:  Preacher,  pastor, 
..hoolmaster,  doctor,  magistrate,  chief  of  policJ,  iayor 
mamiger  of  a  store,  a  sawmiU,  and  of  half  a  dozin  other 
manufachinng  establishments,  church  builder  and  archi- 
tect, bookkeeper,  gardener,  and  adviser  and  arbiter  of 
every  little  trouble  and  dispute  arising  between  900  to 
1,  WO  people,  only  one  degree  removed  from  savagery. 

V  ^r^'  !"f  *''*°*  ''^  ^*  *^^«  ^  '"«» half  a  dozen  heads, 
If  they  did  not  sit  as  squarely  on  a  pair  of  Yorkshire 
shoulders,  as  Mr.  Duncan's  did. 

„  "  T?^  °***  °°*^^  November,  1873,  that  Mr.  Duncan, 
after  his  first  removal  to  MetlakahUa,  had  any  assistance 
in  any  part  of  his  work  worthy  of  the  name.  At  this 
time,  Mr.  W.  H.  CoUison  came  from  England  as  a  school- 
master.   He  was  accompanied  by  his  worthy  wife>  and 

J„ll./^;"r  u^"""  *"'"^  "'»*'  ''P  *«  *l«t  t'-ae,  the  total 
!«■  than  $6,000.    The  total  anm  expended  by  him  no  to  thr«m. 

«ta  rr/        /!f  buildings,  village  improvemente  (roads,  wharves. 


,^ii^i^ 


X 

< 


Q 

-] 
O 


U 


^^1    ^ 


^ 


n 


HOME  AGAIN  ^3 

they  entered  apon  tlie  dinhAi^.  ^»  *u  . 

««,  lu  their  tare,  nUteved  h.  S!^  if  ^  '"'•°  "^ 
wbo  bul  been  Z2  ™.  ■      ^^  Mr-  Md  Mn.  H.  Sobatt. 

«»a(ytag  tmU,ot  .  work  J^rti^^  to  aee  very 
I»rtof  three  jem.  atoodim  over  the  greater 

k.MLf"  ""^  **°"  «'»«»"e4  tbeir  work  ..  m«i. 

SL".oS"prr<o^  >'-*tan-«.",S: 

A^ne  picture  of  the  beautifnl  ou^.*-     I 
life  of  the  natives  atta^^  i^S^  th   ^°  ?°'  ^*"°^  '»•• 
t«tlon  of  Mr.  Dunc^  would  Jt  ^  ^^''^'f'^  *^"'*°* 

of  a£;S,f^„'',!:3/-^,^*/>^^^^^^^    ^'^^  --th  a  brief  ,«t 

ground  on  the  co^r^rereTe  r^tS^Jjl^K^^'-'i'''*  ""P^ 
shelter  as  the  cano^  sail    sTreSS^         ''^  "V^*  ""<^"  *"ch 
afford.     And,  having  jSht'ed  a  ^^Jej^nr'T  IS'^  ""*•  """^ 
Dunc^.  had  P-vidl,  «e  :J.h%S' i£-?ite^«P^„^  Hj, 


au 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


n 


per  wu  loon  made,  and  I  Uid  down  to  rett,  wearied  with 
»ming  all  day  in  the  canoe.  The  Indians  cooked  their  vcniaon 
and  nalinon,  Indian  fashion,  and  then,  all  reverently  taking  off 
their  caps,  one  said  grace,  with  every  appearance  of  devotion. 
"  After  supper,  I  was  amused  at  the  evident  fun  that  was 
going  on  antungtt  them,  for,  though  I  could  not  understand 
Uieir  language,  a  laugh  is  understood  all  over  the  world 

J!^h!I?  'I^n  "  '  *«  *lf°PP'"8  "'««P.  I  *M  "roused  by  their 
sudden  stillness.  My  fin.t  impression  was  that  they  were  get- 
Ui.g  wwiied,  but  it  WHS  not  so.     They  were  only  calming 

•.Tlu  •'°u'*  !;*"""«  '^"^  '"''  ■"'*  •°on  '  observed  them  all, 
with  their  heads  uncovered  and  reverently  bowed,  kneel  around 
the  camp-fire,  while  one  said  prayers  for  all,  snd  as  the  Lord's 
myer  (for  1  could  recognise  it  in  the  strange  languace  in 
which  It  wu  clothed)  ascended  from  beneath  the  shada  of  the 
forest,  froui  lips  which  only  lately  had  acquired  the  right  to 
say  'Our  Father,'  ...  1  could  not  fail  to  realij  how 
grandly  Catholic  is  that  prayer,  which  He  Himself  gave  to 
those  to  whom  alone  He  givos  the  right  to  use  it." 

It  is  only  nataral  that  Mr.  Dnncan,  in  hia  work,  should 
come  into  serious  contact  with  the  heathen  Indians  sar- 
rounding  Metlakahtla  on  the  question  of  slavery,  which 
we  have  seen  was  practiced  to  a  great  extent  among  the 
Indians  of  the  coast 

It  goes  without  saying,  that  no  slaves  were  allowed  to 
be  kept  in  bondage  at  MetlakahUa.  The  Christ  had,  of 
course,  made  them  aU  ftee.  But  this  was  not  sufficient 
for  Mr.  Duncan  or  his  Christian  natives.  They  consid- 
ered it  their  Christian  duty  to  help  to  free  from  bondage 
any  slaves  belonging  to  neighbouring  Indians,  whom  they 
could  reach.  For  the  pnrpose  of  purchasing  slaves  their 
freedom,  the  sum  of  •R,000  was,  fW>m  time  to  time,  set 
aside  from  the  profits  of  the  trading  establishments,  and 
the  greater  portion  of  it  used. 

Whenever  any  slaves  reached  Metlakahtla,  it  meant 
freedom  forever.  No  cruel  master  was  allowed  to  reclaim 
them  fh)m  that  city  of  Christian  fireedom. 


fl 


aOME  AGAIN  ssg 

To  wtat  eztoit  UetUulitla  became  to  Umm  noo, 

"oto  .^  'iill  ?T,:,'«''  r»«.  to  J«n,  .ho  tad  b«i 
J«Pi.f   t***?  ".?"*'  «"ff"«'  d'Jring  the  Iastfw^«.k/«f 


XXIX 

NOTABLE  VISITORS 

X  (rom  the  attack.  1  ii^i         9»lnnibia  geoMslIy 
where  he  Ud  hefon  th^TT        *     Ottawi^  Csneda, 

relied  thTODgh  ito  leiristota,.  h.  .1.   .  '*']""""».  »"<i  log- 
by  which  it  wa.  iS'^  Xw'ti^t^"""  ""^'• 

old  ancMtml  riX^  llT^  "">  '"  "«»  "'  ""Ir 
«.w  bj,  law  to  bf  deprived'       '^^  °'  ""**  '*''»'  ""^ 

ment  that  failure  m  tn  ^7-/- \^.  perauading  the  govern- 
in  an  Indi^rS^si^Ar*^*'  ""'^  "^ely  would,  r^ult 
only  be  conLpla"^  wrhoTo^r^^  "'^^^  ^'^^^^ 

T1»is  attack  of  thTwh  te'a^^^  '"^  "^°'*'"°«- 
hifl  efforte,  thus  frustmt^     Br,fT^    "^J"^  ^^'^^'^^  '<> 
heard  fn>u..    The%  ™^ai^^°'  *''^  ^^'^^^  '^^  ^e 

main  cause  of  thT  vSt  !?*  rJlT^  °°<loubtedly  the 
Governor-Geneml  of Zd^L^"*  ?°*^*""'  *h«  then 
the  30th  of  A^Ci8?6  ^°°'  *^  MeUakahUa,  on 

He  came  in  a  war-ship,  a^ompanied  by  Lady  Dniferin 


y^m^i 


')  i 


ADMIRAL  J.  C.  PREVOST 


NOTABLE  VISITOBS  237 

and  his  soite,  and  n»eived  a  truly  royal  welcome,  thongh 
hw  coming  was  wholly  uuexpected  and  unheralded,  and, 
therefore,  the  greater  portion  of  the  village™  were  denied 
the  privilege  of  meeting  him,  as  they,  at  the  time,  were 
away  putting  in  their  winter  supply  of  salmol  ^ 

An  address,  very  likely  prepaid  by  Mr.  Duncan,  was 
^  and  presented  by  David  Leask,  one  of  Mr.  Duncan's 
aptest  and  brightest  scholar,  on  behalf  of  the  native 
council,  and  the  Govemor-General,  who,  with  his  lady 
w^  most  agreeably  surprised  at  what  they  saw,  accepted 
the  address  in  a  fine  speech,  in  which  he  pigged  the 
Indians  the  protection  of  the  government  and  its  most 
gmcious  queen  aud  paid  the  highest  encomium  on  the 
rem.  ^"'  ^"""^^  ^  ^«"«  ^<>°«'  ^d  for, 

Interesting  as  this  visit  proved  to  the  mission  and  the 
Indians,  a  greater  treat  still  was  in  store  for  them 

G.SThTi*'''"  ^^""'"^^^  ^^^«^'  ^^«  ^^  been,  under 
God   the  means  of  starting  this  wonderful  work  among 

Metlakahtla  a  long  promised  visit,  for  he  had  premised 
Mr.  Duncan  and  the  Society  that  he,  while  stationed^ 
the  coas  ,  would  make  frequent  visits  to  Mr.  Dun^  J? 
his  mission  station.  But  in  the  busy  whirl  of  tJi.  m  of 
the  squadron  he  had  forgotten  it,  or  Ln  pi^vent4t,m 
keeping  his  promise.  w  uvm 

During  the  dark  days  through  which  Mr.  Duncan  had 
sfanven,  in  the  desperate  struggles  to  which  he  at  first 

the   Christian  captain,  sailing  his  man-of-war,  would 
ihZ  i*™""^"    ^"^  ^^^  y°""«  missionary.     But,   during 

i^v^  .^"°°  ^^^'  *"^  ^'^^  «**"'J^'-J  «f  the  captain,  he 

ZloiMT  '1'  '^'P  ^"**'  ^''^^  ^"'  --^d  have  beTu 
ouly  of  the  earth,  e^thly.    Perhaps  it  was  better  «,. 


238  THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

Maybe  it  timied  his  heut,  and  his  thoughts,  with  grenter 

who  had  stood  by  him  in  so  many  an  hour  of  need. 

wh?r  H^f  1?  ^^"^  ••  "  "»«  ^'^""ft  "'^t  this  visit 
which  had  been  promised  to  be  made  in  times  when^ 
needed  t  so  sorely,  had  been  deferred  to  a  ti^  whe^  hj 
wason  t^,  when  Us  sailing  was  plain,  and  the  ca^  of 
Chnst  was,  and  had  for  years  been,  triumphant^  inlny 

IdiTf   Ty,      .  ""^"^"^  ''^  ^  ^^^  ^"^y  '^^Icome  ex- 
to^  to  the  vimting  admi   U,  whom  he  cordially  in^- 

T^t'^**?  ""**•"'      «r  of  their  mission, 
di.!  *h"*K         ""^  *"*'  *^^''     '^'^^  ™™t  have  sufficed  to 

heart  with  gratitude  to   iod  for  having  been  allowed 
even  m  the  smaU^t  measur      oo  shai.1nte  .S 
bihty  for  such  glorious  result 

frfl  ttl  «*'  i''^  ^"*"''  '**'^"  ^««^^  '^^t  l^e  saw  and 
felt  the  Sunday  he  spent  in  Metlakahtla : 

claimed ;  \„d  &„  Um  I  cS^f  ,h^TW J?""';  °°»  '^ 


NOTABLE  VISITORS 


S89 

then  a  once  notorious  chief-  anri  th.  i,.»  V    V      ?  »niamy; 

tude  to  Gort  r««-  V*  . " '     '  ^*'*  ""ch  a  glow  of  erati- 

Se  fo^w^r'co'SrhSJrio^nei'VucT '""  """  "*'"«*  *^'^ 
worship  and  haveUlofd  td  wS   oSS^hTprhlS^tS 

Before  leaving  Metlakahtla,  Admiral  Prevost  miid«tJ.« 
^^e  apresent  of  a  aet  of  sSeet  lamps,  V^Tw^^wt 
^tiy  appm^iated,  both  by  Mr.  Duncan^nrthe  ^ 
Ia^«-another  symbol  of  the  lig^.t  which  Metliah^ 
was  spreadjug  through  the  darkn4  snrronndingT 
hJ!fn'!     !f  '*'^'  Ian>I«were  installed,  Mr  Donow 

bJS  rt^l^J?.  ^'''"°  to  erect  a  post,  with  a  croas- 
ou  lamp,  fed  by  ootakan  oil.  When  the  time  came  for 
teched  the  lamp  from  the  beam,  and  nsed  it  for  lightii 

tte  Tm™  w     '^^  '^*  ''^°^^-    ^^^«d  at  choSf 
the  lamps  were  placed  on  the  organ,  on  the  pnlnit^d 

were  at  church,  there  was,  of  coa«e,  no  need  of^t 


940 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


lamps  dnriog  that  hoar.  Upon  retomiiig  from  chunth, 
the  lamps  again  did  seryice  in  Ughting  the  streets  and 
the  entrance  to  the  hooscs. 

Another  very  interesting  visit  to  Metlakahtla  most  be 
recorded.  That  of  the  late  Bight  Eevereud  William  G. 
Bompas,  the  venerable  and  beloved  missionary  bishop  of 
Athabaska,  who  arrived  in  November,  1877,  and  re- 
mained  for  nearly  five  months. 

But,  before  giving  the  details  of  that  visit  it  is  neces- 
sary to  retrospect  a  little. 

Mr.  Duncan,  though  himself  a  member  of  the  Anglican 
Church,  had  always  considered  that  his  mission  was  to 
make  Christians  out  of  the  Indians,  not  merely  Episco- 
palians. 

These,  his  views,  had  b^n  cordially  shared  by  the 
Church  Missionary  Society,  as  long  as  the  venerable  and 
evangelical  Bev.  Henry  Venn  was  its  General  Secretary 
and  virtual  head.  He  fully  approved  of  Mr.  Duncan's 
work,  as  well  as  of  his  methods.  In  the  Society's  pub- 
lished reports  of  the  Metlakahtla  mission,  Mr.  Duncan's 
praises  were  for  years  sung  without  stint.  When  he 
practically  failed  to  use  among  his  people  the  ritual  of  the 
church,  and  abstained,  for  weighty  reasons,  from  ad- 
mitting them  to  the  Lord's  Supper,  no  word  of  criticism 
was  heard. 

But,  upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Venn,  a  more  churohly 
spirit  began  to  dominate  the  Society,  and  it,  for  the  first 
time,  even  suggested  that  the  mission  should  be  turned 
into  an  Episcopal  church,  with  the  full  administration  of 
the  sacraments  of  the  church. 

Already,  as  far  back  as  1867,  Bishop  Hills  had  urged 
upon  Mr.  Duncan  to  take  orders.  But  he  definitely  de- 
clined to  do  so. 

The  argument  which  he  advanced  was  that  when  the 
Jews  were  delivered  out  of  Egypt,  and  were  to  be  brought 


NOTABLE  VISITORS 


841 

haa  granted  flETblS^         u"""*"  "°  ^*~°-    ^ 
went  amoS  S^m  oTi  «  T^  ^"'"'*'*  ''**'^'  ''*»«"  ' 

not  so  Bare  thaf  STl^?      '  *"**  "°"»'°K  *^««-    I  am 
Again  he  s»i(i  to  the  bishop : 

.  hia.r.„.elrai°,S™„":rwStoLr' 
the  sling  and  the  ston*     ti;!*  if     i  ?»**«' to  stick  to 

fer.    JitcontLae^         ^hat  haa  done  good  work  «, 

for'^etr^.s^g.-^i:;^  ;:^ir  ^^^v^^  ^«  ---^ 

he  desired  the'^missX^'"^^,^,^  Z^'^J'''  ''''' 
church,  of  the  reimiar  ^        .        fall-fledged  Episcopal 

comeEpiLTal^^^rMr  Dr'  ^ '°^>-«  to  ET 
waa  not  the  Lt  ^tS^^^^tS^^^^^r  ^^^  *^"*"«^ 

Bat  it  must  be  admitted  thaUn,u'*'.f°^  ^'^^' 
ble  that  Mr.  DuncT  i«^,lrl     ^'®  '*  '^  **  *«»'  P<»i- 
able  inconvenSuLl^d  eS^'tS^'  '"T "*''  "  «>'^- 
Clergy  of  the  CoTuil^^^"^' ^^.^^''^  "PO"  "-e 

.e^«^ment.T^/-rn,r"^r^^^^^^ 

altars,  and  all  C^^.^^^^.^'r^'r'  J^-^^ts, 

^ade  in  his  mJ7^"ZZ,mt^^^^^^^^ 
Placed  upon  them  b,  the  m.uSZ^l^^OZ' 


U  I 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

dderable  to  do  with  hia  rafbnl  to  entertain  the  biahop'i 
proposition  to  ordain  him  a  prieat 

It  iB  a  fact  worthy  of  notice,  in  thia  connection,  that 
his  only  really  true  and  faithftil  friend  and  ooUeaffne  in 
the  missionary  work  on  the  coast,  Mr.  TomUnsonj  tiiongh 
ordained  a  deacon  when  he  flist  came  ont,  has  ever  since 
adopted  the  same  policy,  and  declined  to  receive  ftill 
priestly  orders. 

When  it  was  auertained  by  the  Society  that  there  was 
no  prospect  of  Mr.  Duncan  receiving  ordera,  its  offlcen 
bent  their  every  eneiigy  to  secure  the  services  of  an  or- 
dained  priest,  who  coald  come  out,  and  be  the  pastor  of 
the  church  at  Metlakahtia,  whether  with  a  view  of  thereby 
superseding  Mr.  Duncap,  or  not,  is  not  perfectiy  clear  to 
my  mind. 

I  would  rather  be  inclined  to  think,  however,  that 
tiiere  was  no  such  intention,  at  this  time,  both  because 
the  Society  could  not  possibly  dose  its  eyes  to  the  wonder- 
fnl  work  which  he  had  done,  and  also  because  I  know  it 
to  be  a  fact  that  it  was  held  out  to  Mr.  Duncan,  presu- 
mably with  the  fuU  knowledge  of  the  Society,  that,  when 
he  first  was  ordained,  the  next  step  would  be  to  have  him 
consecrated  bishop  of  a  missionary  diocese  on  the  North- 
west coast 

Had  Mr.  Duncan  aspired  to  power  and  authority,  the 
^y  was  here  opened  for  him  to  the  fullest  extent 

But  he  spumed  the  tempter  and  the  temptation,  and 
went  about  his  old,  simple,  unpretentious  ways,  working 
day  and  night  for  the  full  redemption,  spiritual  and  tem- 
poral, of  his  beloved  MetUkahtla  Indians. 

A  report  reached  Victoria,  in  the  spring  of  1877,  that 
Oie  Port  Eupert  Indians  had  carried  away  as  a  sUve  an 
Indian  woman  from  the  Nanaimo  leaervation.  The 
Vancouver  Island  government  despatched  the  war-ship 
Flwnper  to  the  Indian  village.    The  captain  sent  word  to 


NOTABLE  VISITORS 


243 

iJZ.1.   «-!  if'       °*  ^°'***°  approached,  danoiM  to  thm 

ter  stood  n^uTi/i!!^  V        ***•  *****'  ^*>«"»  «»•  lat- 
^n  made  a  speech,  wherein  he  said :  °* 

Now,  thenrwil  le  S  o^2^    faiTl'^H^  ^  »^'»  «• 

lage.    Th^  is  the  kniiT  Kllf  ^  ^a  ?^^  ""^  ^^  ^^^ 
In  peace."         ""»"»«>•    ^»"»e,  and  let  my  people  go 

So  saying,  he  pointed  to  the  knife.  atmI  ha»wi  ui  u 


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944 


THE  AP08TLE  OP  ALASKA 


had  jurt  been  writing,  he  went  adioie,  and  addivaMd  the 
Indians,  to  whom  he  suggested  that  he  might  perhaps 
come  to  them  himself  within  many  moons,  to  teU  than 
the  glad  message  of  the  blessed  Savionr.  This  gave 
gr»t  Joy  to  the  hearts  of  the  Indians,  who  never  could 
understand  why  Duncan  had  passed  them  by  in  the  first 
place. 

At  this  veiy  time,  Mr.  Duncan  had  really  made  up  his 
mind  to  leave  MetlakahUa,  and  give  up  the  work  thereto 
U!Ti  ^^Vytaan,  the  Eev.  A.  J.  Hall,  whom  the 
Society  had  prevailed  upon  to  come  out 

He  felt  that  the  way  the  Society  was  now  constituted 
there  was  perhaps  no  hope  of  his,  in  the  long  run,  sue- 
OBSsfully  resisting  the  oiganizing  of  the  mission  into  an 
Episcopal  church.  As  he  did  not  want  to  be  a  party  to 
a  step,  the  fiital  consequences  of  which  to  his  devoted  Ufe- 
work  he  could  not  help  but  foresee,  he  bad  made  up  his 
mind  to  turn  over  MeUakahtla  to  Mr.  Hall  upon  his  ar- 
rival, and  to  go  somewhere  else  to  start  another  mission 
work  in  another  field. 

He  now  looked  upon  this  particular  incident  as  a 
pointer  flx)m  the  Lord  as  to  the  field  upon  which  heoucht 
to  concentrate  his  laboura 

When  Mr.  Hall  arrived,  on  the  6th  of  August,  1877, 
Mr.  Duncan  installed  him  and  left  for  Victoria,  there  to 
matiwe  his  plans  for  the  fature.  But  meantime  without 
any  final  leave-taking  with  the  Lidiana 

He  felt  it  was  better  thus.  A  declaration  that  they 
would  then  see  him  for  the  hist  time  might  result  in  their 
revolting  against  the  Society's  phms,  and  against  the 
priest  whom  it  had  sent  them. 

Mr.  Duncan  desired  to  put  no  hindrances  in  theirway, 
and  left  them  in  full  possession  of  the  field,  to  do  what 
their  consciences  allowed  them  to. 
Now,  it  so  happened,  that  Mr.  Hall,  though  in  many 


NOTABLE  VISITORS  945 

did  Bot  know  the  Indiana  «  LTd  ^^^M^  ^^J 
had  brought  them  oat  fiom  the  thraldom  cHiJen 
djjknesB,  into  the  glorioua  sunBhlne  of  Chriirti^iSr  He 
wLTuTi:T''\''T  "»«y  had  to  be  taken,  ani  jSj 
iJTait^mti         "^°*'*  "***  "^  **'"»«^  Chritian  We 

k^il!  L ^r  If!'",'*"*'  '^^  **^^  ^«^«'  »>«d  left  Metla- 
kahUa,  he  heard  in  Victoria  that  a  nunonr  had  come 

U^n  inqniiy  as  to  what  that  could  mean,  he  aaoer- 

minuter  at  Port  Simpson,  wherein  he  thanked  God  for 
the  goodwork  now  going  on  at  Methikahthi. 

Mr  Duncan  knew  Crosby.  He  was  a  well-meaninff 
^iTw!  r°;  *'"'/''y  *"P"'"*^«  """d  emotionr^A 
get  some  of  the  Indians  at  Fort  Simpson  into  what^n^ 

an^fwT  *°  *•!*  ^"^  ^^  something  was  going  wiomr 
and  Uiat  the  results  of  his  life-work  were  in  daSgS^?S 
^°T^^^^*^  ''  '*"«*«'"  fanaticism.^     ^' 

d^JJ^l     ?I  """^"^  "«^°'  *°  o'd*^  to  save  it  from 
deletion.    After  much  ui^ing,  he  went 
He  came  Just  in  time  to  save  the  situation. 


I, 


I 


M6 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


The  young  priert  had,  in  hlg  ioezpeiienoe,  prvMhad  to 
the  Indians  on  this  text  from  Joel,  the  prophet : 

"Yonr  aona  and  yonr  danghten  ahaU  prophe«v.  your 
old  men  ahaU  dieam  dieama,  your  yoong  men  ibidl  aee 

In  the  exuberance  of  hia  youthfU  enthnaiaam,  he  had 
painted  to  them  the  scene,  vividly  and  impraadonably 

The  imagery  of  the  poetic  native  was  appealed  to.    That 
was  all.    Bat  it  was  enough.  i'*^«»«».    iw 

Inside  of  a  day  or  two,  acme  of  them  went  out  into  the 
torest,  and  saw  angels,  and  devils,  and  I  don't  know  what 

Mr.  Croaby  had  come  from  Port  Simpson  and  fkuined 
the  flame.  With  hia  own  violence  of  speech,  motions, 
gestures,  and  eloquence,  he  encouraged  the  crasy  viaiona 
and  toe  fenatic  life.  In  short,  Mr.  Duncan,  on  his  arrival, 
found  things  in  a  terrible  turmoil  Bo  for  had  thinn 
^ne,  that  one  man  had  even  imagined  he  heard  the 
Holy  Ghost  whisper  to  him :  ^^ 

"Getupl  Ooout!  Wake  up  the  vilbge  I  CUlitto 
a  meeting  in  the  church  at  midnight  to  hear  the  Spirit 

He  80  did,  and  there  had  actually  been  a  weUattended 
meeting,  in  fear  and  trembling,  in  the  church  at  mid- 
night. 

Mr.  Djmcan  arrived  at  the  viUage  on  a  Saturday  night 
After  talking  the  matter  over  with  two  trusted  elden  of 
the  church,  who  came  to  him,  he  took  command  Just  aa 
if  he  had  never  left,  and  as  if  there  was  no  one  else  in 
cnarge. 

He  gave  orders  that  there  should  be  no  church  on  the 
morrow.  Then,  that  the  men  should  meet  him  in  the 
«^(M>lhouse  in  the  morning,  and  the  women  in  the  afl«r. 

When  the  morning  came,  aU  the  men  were  on  hand. 


NOTABLE  VISITORS  847 

He  fave  them  a  good  talking  to,  and  told  them  that  h« 
h«l  found  oat  about  the  immorality  that  had  been  prT 
^7^^^  *'  ^^"^^  *'•*  ^«^'-  ^o'-k  among  thS^ 

church  in  the  evening,  and  that  all  could  come  who  wero 
•orry  for  what  had  happened.  But  that  he  did  not  want 
ZH^  ""  ''*"*  ^  encouraged  thi.  cnuy,  fiuurtical 
When  they  went  out,  he  noticed  some  of  them  lookimr 
Slide's:  "^^  "^*  °^  ^^  "^  "^  ^^y  """^  ^ 

hirnTl"'*  "^^V^  °**°''  ""^  ^  *«^  ^^'  and  told 
him  that  one  of  the  former  chiefii  had  sent  woAi  around 

u  wrrt°r*  *°.*°  *°  "^'^  "'•*'*°«  *^  *»»«  afternoon. 
What  shall  we  do  t "  he  asked. 

" Do  nothing.    They  will  come  anyhow." 
»K^.?®^t!**?*    They  were  all  there.    It  was  plain  to  see 
as  a  few  had  been,  in  good  faith,  dupedT^         *»  ""  »" 

When  he  had  finished  his  speech,  one  of  them  rose  and 
said  it  was  simply  awful  what  had  been  going  on.  but  ^t 
they  were  glad  he  was  Uck.    Eve.ythi^g  lo^ldtw^' 

At  tibe  evening  service  the  church  was  fll.ed ;  but  the 
men  who  had  looked  so  glum  we«  not  there.  He  kj^w 
now  posifavely  that  he  had  spotted  the  ringleaders. 

th^^Tf  *r™^"*  ^*  '^^^  '*»*"»  ^  'he  office,  and  told 
Jhem  that  they  wer«  the  ones  to  blam^thaTthey  had 
teen  doing  the  devil's  work,  and  ought  to  be  asham^  of 

h,H^L.,i.   *•."•*  "^'**-    '^^y  k°«^  ^ell  that  they 

iis::r  ?id'"'  ^^^^  ^  ^^^^  «>*  ^^^^ « ^^-^  ^^^ 

One  of  them  had  the  courage  to  say : 

"You  are  mistaken,  sir.    We  have  had  revektiocs." 


r? 


1 


«*8  THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 

in"^*J:Sr  Sel^t'^'V"  "^"^  '~-^  tbe  old  leader 

"  Mr.  Hall,  js  this  God's  work  f  » 

To  bis  credit  be  it  said,  the  young  man  without  he^fa. 
Uon  answered  right  to  their  feces :  **"***" 

" Ni,  sir,  I  am  sorry  to  say  that  it  is  not." 

Mr.  Dnncan  then  told  them  not  to  dare  to  rom«  f« 
the  church.    They  were  doomed  to  starawal  frem  th^ 

^■^iThei^'tm-r^'"  Hewantednir:;j.rtod: 

with  them  till  they  came  back    liir»  ♦!.«  JL-i-    , 

iney  had  simply  been  the  devil's  tools. 

^^Shamefeced,  they  «.eaked  out  of  the  office,  one  by 

mUST..*.  .  *^°  requested  by  Bishop  HiUs  to  visit 

cUed  to  Dean  Cridge,  as  the  Indians  had  suggested  and 

even  if  he  was  clothed  in  the  foil  vestments  of  the  m^^ 
and^vised  that  Mr.  Dun.n  take  up  t^e"  wr^Sn,^ 

Po^'iS!^2*"  "°''  ^"KSWted  to  Mr.  Hall  that  he  go  to 

^w^JetUklltt'?  ""'  "'^  "'^^^  ^'^^  '^-^  -<»  ^tart  a 

ce^  t^i^'^*^  J*"^  '™^  ^^^*°  "'e^kness,  ac- 
SKe?orrSe"S^n''r'^''  ^^^'>" 


NOTABLE  VISITORS  940 

anon  arrived  on  the  ecene,  he  located  Mr.  Hall  at  Alert 
^y,  where  «me  white  people  who  had  started  a  "nne^ 

t^v  r?  r^  ^  ^'^'p  **>«  °"«*o°  «'«»«•  This  rs 

when  Mr  H^f"*'"^.  *'*  "*°''*''^  »*»  '°^  -^^-k  sSX" 

«,\       ?*"  "*"*  ^'*  *'*'°"''»  *>«"  for  services.  ^ 

Bishop  Bcnnpas,  who  had  been  relied  npon  bv  the 

Society  and  Bishop  Hills,  to  wvolntionixe  thiZ  at  M^t 

lakalj^^Ia^  by  turning  the  mission  into  an  EpiscopSchoS* 

and  by  introdncing  the  sacrament  of  the  1^.5',  sl^; 

here,  aft^r  investigating  matter  thoroughly,  dS 

that,  nnder  existing  condiUons,  it  was  notL^be^t^"^ 

^e  old  evangelical  divine,  a  genuine  disciple  of  his 
great  Master,  though  he  had  been  induced  to  don  a 

tte  bMohW  0«den  of  E*,d,  bat  with  no  wrpent  In  it 
W^,  to  btaat  iu  bvpliHai  and  beauty  with  Us  fetid 


I''- 


/ 


XXX 

TROUBLES  BREWING 

WHIM)  Bishop  Hilta  of  Columbia.  In  1879  w^ 

«ion  fields  i^enorth^J^^J^*''*'  '*°"****^  «'">e  mi.- 
Which  thtTwerC^,?:;?-^^^  ^'--'"•'  ^ 
lay  preacher,  Mr.  Duucm      ^     ^  «»«rgymeD,  and  one 

inLt7ut^S:J::'S^'r'''^  Of  nominating  the 
pay  the  ^ty  ^"t he  W^ooTfT.  "^'^'^  ""'^'^'^  *« 
Bev.  William  BidLy  whot«S  ^    '  T  '^^''^    The 
for  a  conple  ofZrL  but  hii     beenamiaBionanrin  India 
ing  healt'h.  and7bSin:i\''?47n"E  ^  T""*of  fail, 
crated  bishon  of  thi.  hi«1!!J   *^  ^  Euglaud,  wasoonae- 
»ated  MetLbihtia   '    tlTT^  "^  ^1^^  ^'   ^«7»'  <i«rf«- 
arrived  in  ^e  1  wrindiJ^,*^  "^  ^'  ^^'S^**  and 
November,  18?9  ^  "^^^  °"  **>«  fl«tdky  of 

t  J  m? j:j  :?r ';::$  ':*t^?r -^^  -^  ^- 

wltbin  ita  g«»  •ooMjrfUIy  bwn  carried  on 

Wim.«ly  work  wtth  bta     C^/if"""-'  '»"'<>-« 
"«  ™  woMertU  nronumeat  to 


BISHOP  WILLIAM  RIDLEY 


TBOUBLE8  BREWING 
OjrijJjMity  Md  dTiliiiition  thii  Ion-  ^I^M»  l«d  thm 

■how  ud  v«tmeI,^  he  ii»d«  it,  neverthele.,  a  poS  to 

ohureh  on  Sonday.,  where  he  h«l  nothing  to  do  but  to 
•ilin  a  pew,  Uke  any  other  attendant,  a.  he  oonid  neither 
2^  nor  pray.  «>  that  the  naUve.  ;,uld  appreoChS 

His  claim  to  the  titie  and  addroae  of  "  My  Lord  "  w... 
r/yZ:^  ^"^  -  '*'^'^'  to  the  aimpL  «Hi  lo^ 

mln^l^l  «>niinenoed  to  mildly «agg«t  aome Improve- 
rr  ;  ?!  *^:^*-^  "ttle  mow  of  the  ritnal.  Ld  he 
^  not  been  there  many  month,  before  Mr.  Dn^r^ 
oeived  very  broad  hint,  that  it  wa.  «entially  ^m7o 
deprive  the*  poor  Chrirtian.  of  the  great  advance? 
the  »crament  of  .-,e  Lord'.  Supper  ■«v»n«««wof 

bi^  JIk^  "*"**  ^  "•*  *»«^«iy»  *»  he  DOW  told  the 
btahop  the  reawn.  why  he  had  hitherto,  with  the  fan 
Wro^  of  the  leading  member,  of  hi.^i^  alSliJi 
ftom  admitting  them  to  the  «ciiunent  ^^^  ^^^^ 

Whether  we  agree  with  him  or  not  in  hi.  reawni  it 
Srf.~'J;^f.'^a**  "^"^  "«'  »>«  knew  1  LiSTbel 
for  thi.  reawn,  if  for  no  other,  hi.  oppodtion  to  Mchw 
^portant  innovation  in  their  worshiVoonlS  noJ^S S 
fcirne«,  be  eaeily  brushed  a.ide.  ^      *" 

Hi.  reamn.  were  a.  follow. : 

1.    Not  K>  long  ago  them  Indian,  had  at  leant  tmnmpa 

SlS*'*^™r°'^"°^*«"^    'n.eyhadbee^u^^ta 
practice  to  be  a  mort  atrocion.  and  heinon.  rin     Now 
When  told  that  they  were  to  partake  of  the  bSyL  W^ 


••»  THE  APOWLE  OF  ALASKA 

^n^^t^^'^Jl  "»^'  ^^  «»^  11-it.d 
"»•  two  actat    Would  itooLmt « .  v^y^T*  owwowi 

•ooir.«  Miong  UMtt  M  odS^i^!!'  «d  five  tho 
«wir  incoiurfrtenqrl         *^'****^*y  to  toiut  thtm  with 

PMtport  to  bwveii     Th-i.  /   ^^  "**'  ■«nt,  Md  bo  • 

•^-VltCeiJt  lZ"''^*°~"'^^'  ^"<*  would 
wine,  and  DoniahMi  i.i».  #     j  .        •'^*  *"  Indian  anj 

thta  aDDLlte     'JL        •      ■  ""^^•^  «*«>^  to  cater  to 


TEOUBLK  BREWIKO  u, 


tout  daUet  towutb  them.  Thew  w^  i?t.  .^  *' 
•»w«y.  the  danger  tlmt  tJe  hllV!!„!!?'  ?  ^^  "P'"'""* 
boor  en  id JVwTk  v  .  '^''•■•vege  mind  would  Iwr. 
^^MvT  ^  ""  ^""^^  o«»l«»nce,  and  that  alone,  wa. 
S2^hS"  I'T!""  P°"°y  of  «Uvation  ^  "^ 
wl2f^li:S»nr  "^  "  """*•""-  in  thel,  dealing. 

j»M,  ■■  IE  WM  a  onme  noder  thA  Uw  <« .._«  7 

wlthZTw     '  ™°"*  ^"t  teaching  them  the  word  and 


r 


264 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


The  state  of  the  Christian  nndentanding  of  these  people 
is  characterized  by  the  fiict  that  some  of  them,  right  after 
their  baptism,  alBzed  a  sign  to  the  door  of  their  honsn. 
reading:  ^^ 

"  I  am  a  Methodist" 

Bishop  Bidley  would  have  done  weU  in  adopting  Mr 
Duncan's  caution  in  regard  to  the  administration  of 
this  sacrament    If  he  had,  he  would  not  have  had  the 
foUowing  experience,  most  ludicrous,  if  it  was  not  so 
dosely  bordering  on  the  sacrilegious : 

One  of  the  chief  medicine-men  on  the  Naas  River  was 
very  sick-ia  fact,  near  death.    Bishop  Bidley  heard  of 
it,  went  to  him,  and  asked  him  if  he  did  not  desire  to  be 
saved."    The  word  he  used  wts  one  which,  in  their 
language,  is  equivalent  to  dur  « healed,"  "  made  well 
■gain."    Of  course  he  did.    "  Yes— certainly ! » 
Then  he  must  give  up  his  rattle. 
Well,  he  thought  he  would  be  willing  to  do  a  sm»ii 
thing  like  that,  if  he  could  only  get  well. 

So  he  gave  his  ratUe  to  the  bishop,  who  carried  it  oiT 
as  a  trophy,  after  having  baptized  the  old  heatben. 

But  the  old  medicine-man  did  not  get  welL  In  foot 
he  actually  got  worse. 

He  called  in  his  wise  men.  They  told  him  he  had 
made  a  mistake  in  giving  up  his  ratUe.  That  was  his 
power. 

He  grew  worse  and  worse.  Finally,  he  made  up  his 
mind  to  get  that  ratUe  back  again  at  whatever  cost 

He  found  out  that  the  bishop  had  sent  to  the  creek  for 
water  to  baptize  him  with.  So  he  sent  for  a  bowl  of 
water  ftom  the  creek  himself,  and  placed  it  by  his  bed- 
mda    Then  he  summoned  the  bishop. 

When  the  bishop  arrived,  he  told  him  that  he  had 
fooled  him.  His  lordship  tried  to  argue  with  him ;  but  he 
would  not  listen.    He  only  wanted  his  tattle  back     The 


TROUBLES  BREWING 


255 

bishop  would  not  give  it  up.  But  wheu  the  old  Indian 
made  use  of  threatening  language,  it  scared  him,  and  he 
finally  said  that,  though  he  would  not  give  it  up  to  him 
he  might  compromise  by  agreeing  to  give  it  back  to  the 
man's  wife.  When  he  had  sent  for  it,  and  the  old  medi- 
cin>man  would  not  let  him  go  till  he  had  done  this,  he 
nanded  the  rattle  to  the  man's  wife. 

^i.^^'^.T  '"'^  *'^°'  *^  '^^P*^  "»e  oW  Indian  grabbed 
the  bowl  of  water,  threw  it  at  the  bishop,  and  said  • 

'  Take  your  water  back,  too.    I  don't  want  it." 

After  that  he  got  better. 

There  was  no  danger  that  anything  like  that  ever  could 
have  happened  to  Mr.  Duncan.  But  he  was  not  a  bishop 
-only  a  common  layman  missionary.  So,  of  courae,  the 
wisdom  God  had  given  him,  and  his  long  experience 
among  these  people,  counted  for  nothing  against  the 
notions  of  a  '<  high  priest  of  the  Church." 

The  bishop  could,  however,  easily  perceive  that  against 
a  man  of  his  firmness,  he  could  not  have  his  way.  So  he 
concluded  to  bide  his  time,  and  undermine  him  with  the 
Society  if  he  could. 

Mr.  Duncan  in  a  short  time  had  an  opportunity  to  find 
out  the  lay  of  the  land. 

The  bishop  came  into  his  room  one  day  in  a  great 
stew.  He  had  heard  that  the  Methodists  were  going  to 
rtart  a  mission  at  Hazelton,  away  up  on  the  Skeena 
River.  The  "Church"  must  come  in  on  the  ground 
first  and  stop  them.  So  he  immediately  despatched  a 
young  schoolmaster  from  Metlakahtla  to  the  place,  with  a 
blackboard,  in  order  to  start  a  school  for  the  natives,  and 
nold  the  fort  until  a  priest  could  arrive. 

The  next  move  was  to  write  Mr.  Tomlinson,  and  oi^er 
him  to  give  up  his  mission,  where  he  had  inaugurated  a 

-S?!?  ^u,    '  *°^  ^"^  post-haste  to  reUeve  the  young  man 
with  the  blackboard.  * 


f! 


II 


V 


S66 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


f 


Mr.  Tomlinson  did  not  believe  iu  this  kind  of  practice 
any  more  than  Mr.  Duncan  did,  so  he  refused  to  comply 
with  the  order  of  the  bishop,  went  home  to  England,  as 
fast  as  steam  could  carry  him,  laid  the  matter  before  the 
Society,  was  sustained  in  his  position,  and  returned  with 
an  order  from  headquarters  reversing  the  bishop's  dis- 
position of  him. 

The  next  move  on  the  bishop's  part  was  to  take  Mr. 
Hall  from  the  work  he  had  started,  at  Mr.  Duncan's  sug- 
gestion, itinerating  around  Fort  Rupert,  and  to  place 
him  at  Alert  Bay,  where  nothing  could  be  accom- 
plished,  because  of  the  contaminating  presence  of  the 
Whites. 

Mr.  Duncan  wrote  to  the  Society  about  this  change  in 
the  work,  and  the  bishop  was;  again  overruled.  But,  dis- 
regarding the  Society's  orders,  he  continued  the  erection 
of  mission  buildings  at  Alert  Bay,  and  retained  Mr.  HaU 
at  a  place,  where  experience,  even  to  this  day,  has  shown 
that  no  satisfactory  resulta  could  be  obtained.' 

These  experiences  undoubtedly  opened  the  eyes  of  the 
Society  to  the  fact  that  the  appointment  of  Bishop  Ridley 
was  not  such  an  unmitigated  success,  after  all,  and  per- 
haps were  the  direct  cause  of  anew  order  promulgated  at 
the  begiuniug  of  the  year  1881,  to  the  effect  that  the  mis- 
sionaries, clergymen  and  laymen,  should  meet  annually 
at  Metlakahtla,  under  the  presidium  of  the  bishop,  for  a 
conference  which  should  determine  as  to  the  work  at  the 
different  mission  stations  of  the  diocese. 

This  conference  met,  for  the  first  time,  in  July,  1881. 
The  bishop,  for  some  reason  best  known  to  himself, 

•  When  I,  in  the  snmmer  of  1908,  oRme  down  the  Inside  Paange  in 
company  with  Mr.  Hall,  what  was  my  surprise  to  find,  upon  onr  u- 
rival  at  Alert  Bay,  where  the  steamer  pnt  in  in  oider  to  land  the 
priee*.  that  an  old  time  potlatob,  with  p«int«d  taom,  Indiana  ainsins 
■nddandnfewaa  in  foil  swing.  ^   * 


TROUBLES  BREWING  267 

absented  himself  fix,m  these  meetiugs,  aud  was  salkinir 
in  h-s  t«nt  unUl  the  conference  had^^c^nrwhen  if 
somehow  managed  to  do  some  work,7hich  Ip^^n^ 
to  characterize,  but  which  should  tell  thereafter 
.Jii^r'''  ""®"«""y  be  i^retted  that  the  Society 
should  have  made  such  a  mistake  in  the  man  app^S 

I^ITh'^T*^*^"-  «-^--«*ubcens^fS^ 
the  splendid  and  upright  chai^ter,  and  with  the  loving 
Md  Christian  disposition  exhibited  by  his  successor  if 
the  diocese,  the  Right  Reverend  P.  Du  Vcruet,  there  is  no 
question  but  that  the  glorious  work  at  old  MeuTkaht"a 
never  would  have  been  interfered  with,  and  that  God's 

y^tZo^ '  '^^^  '^^  ^'^^'  -  "  -  -  ^e 
The  inember^hip  of  this  first  conference  of  the  workers 
of  the  Northwest  Coast  Mission  was  made  up  of  th" 
dergymen  Tomlinson,  CoUison,  and  Hall,  Mr.  Duncan! 
%  mi^ionai-y,  and  Mess«.  Schntt  and  Chantrel,  sch^^! 

nJ''l.T5l'*°**  ^^'^  *°  ^*^«  Mr.  Duncan  preside 
over  ite  deliberations.    But,  as  he  peremptorily  decS 

MeUakahtla  Mission,  Mr.  Tomlinson  was  elected  tern 
^rnry  chairman,  m  the  absence  of  the  bishop,  and  Mr. 
Collison,  secretary.  ' 

stat^^  h^in  ^  ^^'°'"  ''^''**°«  ^  *^«  ^^""^  other 
WM  Set  up.  "^^  °''  ****  '"'"^  "^  MeUakahtla 

Mr.  Duncan  reminded  the  conference  that  he  was  a 
^yman,  and  of  the  Society's  wish  to  have  an  ordai^ej 
man  in  his  place,  and  asked  the  conference  whether  it 
wouW  not,  m  view  of  these  facts,  advise  him  to  resign 
nis  connection  with  Metlakahtla. 

He  then  left  the  room  to  aUow  the  conference  to  tally 


858  THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

dlacnas  the  matter,  without  being  hampered  by  hit  pies- 
enoe  j  but  was  soon  recalled,  when  the  foUowlng  resolu- 
tion, which  had  been  adopted  by  the  nnanimous  vote  of 
aU  the  members  of  the  conference,  including  the  Bev.  Mr. 
CoUlson,  who  at  the  time  was  stationed  at  MeUakahtla  as 
a  dei^yman,  and  who  sustained  very  close  reUtions  to 
the  bishop,  was  read  to  him : 

v«r  ^"  «?°f"«pce.  having  heard  Mr.  Duncan's  sUtement.  and 
knowing  the  value  of  his  laboui,  «,d  txperience,  not  onlyin 
tte  work  at    -ic>  xkahtla.  but  also  to  the  Church  Missionar^ 

S^fy  H°l?^  '  ^I'^^'^^y  ^  *»>«  North  Pacific  field,  unan! 
imously  decline  to  advise  Mr.  Duncan  to  resign." 

The  qnestion  of  his  resignation  having  been  disposed 
of  in  this  manner,  another  question  naturaUy  arose,  to 
wit :  how  the  diificulty  involved  in  his  remaining  at  Met- 
lakahtla  could  be  met,  when  the  Society  was  demanding 
changes  there,  which  he  could  not  coascientionsly  en- 
He,  therefore,  asked  the  conference  if  it  would  not  ad- 
vise the  Society  to  allow  Metlakahth*  to  become  an  inde- 
pendent mission,  work  out  its  own  '\  Hny,  and  defray 
its  own  expenses,  without  in  any  .         changing  in  its 
sympathy  with  the  Society's  missions  or  missionaries  in 
other  places. 

The  conference,  after  due  deliberation,  again  in  his  ab- 
aence,  by  a  majority  vote,  passed  a  resolution  "advising 
the  Society  to  constitute  Metlakahtla  into  a  lay  mission, 
and  to  leave  the  work  in  Mr.  Duncan's  hands,  tritto«< 

The  minority  consisted  of  Mr.  Tomlinson,  Mr.  Duncan's 
special  fnend  and  ardent  supporiw.    So  that  the  resolu- 
tion,  as  passed,  reaUy  was  supported  by  the  bishop's 
'  ItalioiMd  by  the  aotbor. 


TROUBLES  BREWING  259 

Nev^elaw,  it  was  by  Bishop  Ridley  afterwards  char- 
•cterized  as  "absurd  and  cowardly."  ««»«»r 

The  minutes  of  the  resolutions  adopted  by  the  confer- 
^oe  were  soon  afterwards  forwarded  by  tie  secretai^, 
Mr.  CoUison,  to  the  Society  in  England. 

Mr.  Duncan  and  Mr.  Tomlinson  have  always  been  of 

^l^otl.?.'''"«~"*  "*^'  ^«  wording  JjS^h.:? 
I!?^\    ^  instigation  of,  or  by  Bishop  Bidley  him- 
1^'^^^  ^^""^  "»«  transmittal  of  the  minutes  to 
«ont!^^y:»f°'*'  ""^^'•^^tely,  Uiereaeemstobonoques- 
tion  about  the  correctness  of  this  supposition. 

It  may  be  surmised  that  the  report  of  the  doings  of  the 
wnferenoB  was  followed  almost  immediately  bf  lettei^ 
^m  the  bishop  to  the  Society,  poisoning  its  4nd  a^nS 
Mr.  Duncan  and  his  position  at  MetlakahOa.         ^ 

nf  Huf  i!^  J^.*'  *'°°^  ^"  *^^*'^  t»»e  subsequent  action 
of  the  Society  towards  Mr.  Duncan 

,.ft^^^^^  "^^^P**  ^''''*^«'*'  <>^t»>«  letter,  the  Society 
after  receiving  the  minutes  of  the  conference!  Md^e 

to  come  to  London  to  confer  with  them  on  the  futurelatus 
of  the  mission  at  Metlakahtla 

iu^cto^^'w If ''^^'''^''*'  '^1'"  hereceived  while 
in  Victoria,  where  he  had  gone  to  purchase  machinery 


r   1 


I 


if 


960 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


l-' 


■; 


for  a  wlmon  cannery,  which  he  had  made  all  arranse. 
ments  for  atarting  in  MetlakahUa  in  time  for  the  coming 

This  was  a  project  which  he  had  a  long  time  had  in 
mind,  as  the  only  practical  way  of  giving  the  Indians  any 
proportionate  benefit  from  the  visits  of  the  piscatoriii 
hosts  to  their  ancient  salmon  streams.  By  it  he  saw  an 
opportunity  to  fiuther  aid  the  natives  to  an  independent 
living. 

He  immediately  answered  the  letter  of  the  committee, 
stating  that,  under  the  circumstances,  it  was  at  that  par- 
ticular  time  impossible  for  him  to  go  to  England,  as  to  do 
80  would  postpone  for  a  year  the  instalment  of  this  im- 
portant  industry,  but  that  if  the  committee,  after  receiv- 
ing the  letter  in  which  he  had  fully  covered  all  matten 
with  reference  to  the  mission,  and  which  had  crossed  on 
the  way  the  letter  just  r.  ived  by  him,  still  deemed  it 
desirable  for  him  to  come  home  for  a  conference,  he  would 
cheerfully  comply  with  its  request  as  soon  as  the  present 
pr^ng  preparations,  with  reference  to  the  new  cannery, 
had  been  got  out  of  the  way. 

As  he  bid  his  friends  in  Victoria  ar  affeotiomite  fere- 
weU,  and  started  for  his  little  home  among  the  Indians, 
he  little  suspected  what  surprises  awaited  him  on  hisa?- 
rival  at  Metlakahtla. 


XXXI 


THE  RUPTURE 

I'^l^J'l  ^  f  !*"  ^*^  of  November,  1881,  that  he 
landed  in  MeOakahUa.    The  steamer  on  ihich  he 

fn,  ^r^®  5™°*^*  ^'^^  •*  *  Sf^-at  many  tons  of  freight 

oh«^    '  f.°*  "^^"^  *'^*'^  ^'^'^  i"  the  harbom^dTs 
charging  its  cargo.  " 

nfw"^if  '^.^'-  ^"°'*°  ^"^"^  '»»«  key  in  the  door 
of  his  office  before  Bishop  Ridley  rushed  in,  and  inL T 

iTJZtT"  ''"^  ^^^  ^  «^^°^  ^°  En'gland^mL^ 
Mr.  Dnncan  calmly  informed  him  that  he  was  not  inst 
at  present,  but  that  if  the  committee,  after  re^i vJng  ^ 
communication,  sent  them  some  time  ago,  ^  of  the 
opinion  that  his  pr^uce  in  England  ^' dXbTe,L 
would  go  as  soon  as  it  was  possible  for  him  to  do  so  w  th 
out  interfering  with  his  plans  absolutely  neo^  for 
promoting  the  welfare  of  Metlakahtla  "^^^'^^^  f^' 

hiJZ^' k"!!?  ^'^^  **^'^**P'  ^it»»  a  malicious  gleam  in 
hiajes,  as  he  thrust  at  Mr.  Duncan,  "  withasmuch^lf 
satis&ction  as  if  he  had  been  dealing  the  last  d^lv  bb w 
to  a  mortal  enemy,"  •  a  sealed  envelope,  and  ^  L  Mr 
Duncan  opened  and  read  it : 
"  I  gness  I  am  master  now ! " 

TtlYf'  ^?l  ^""^  yo"  "otactedalittle  prematurely  f 
Have  I  refused  to  go  homet    But,  aU  the  ^a  tTJ„J 

you  for  this.    It  clarifies  the  situa«orc?nLSly.» 

•This  ia  the  language  need  by  Mr.  Dnnoan  ohanoteririn.  a-  kuk 
op'i  «rtio»  in  .  later  letter  to  tie  oommitZ  °'''~*''^***°«  *"  »"*- 

361 


S62 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


bi^  r'  "^  '•*'*'  ^«»  to  Mr.  Duncan  by  the 


•'  Church 
MissiONAjiy  Soa«TY. 


Salisbury  Sfttart, 
London,  E.  C, 
••  To  Mr.  W.  Duncan  '  '^^-  ^'  '^^'' 

letter  is;SS;l"?h\"hJ?nS;?4?^^^^^^ 
tinuing^your  ZStTon  to  ,K      *"^  **i*  «>»»ittee.  and  Sn- 

^^£?f "  accept.3rb;fhrt''T"^''''"  ^^'^  ^^^^^e^ 

course  to  pursue^buUo  tokJ  t^  !J°''»"'««''=y  they  have  no 
your  conn^Sction  yS^^  "^^  °«=««"y  ««P«  for  dissolving 

ha;;fo1,S:^!:*:irh%Sr!;tte?^^^  ^T^':^"^-'  '^e co«n,ittee 
the  development  of  Me"akaS  r„Hi?"'*'^"i"'^'  *he  history  of 
tion,  resolution,  and  ene^y  whh  wK?rr"  ^^^^^'  "^^  ^''^^ 
work,  and  the  wonderfiiiT-Tn  ""^'•.  y**"  have  stuck  to  the 

exercise  ovrt^rindiS  St"*'^  T"  *'*^*  '^  permitted  to 
the  memory  of  them''musT'Sve"»  t  "T  ';:*^*»'  "'^ 
mission  survives,  whateva  bi  Its  fu  u??  B  ^^k"'*""^  °f. '••* 
feels  that  they  have  paramount  H„w^!'  c^l}^^  commiitee 
the  Native  Church  bSMmT,  T*?  *°  ^""'"'  "^th  towards 
and  also  towS  ihe  IS^blS^S'lhi^^^^ 
«eek  the  extension  of  the  k^Hom  «f  ^'?^  "  '>°"«-  ^e 
viour,  and  the  DrincinlJ^  iLT  ".  °^  °""  **«"  Lord  and  Sa- 

known.     Our  alSci^to  ot'£Tr*K%^^^^^  "«  '^•U 
these  principles.  ^  °"  ^"^  '^'b»'^»  "»  to  go  from 

as  '^ilL!  fo°r"h^  hInH- "'^  *°  '*^"«*  y°"  »o  »''»ge,  as  soon 
theTarge  of  our  „Sn°^  W  "l  *°  '''t^'*°P  of  CaledS^J 

'iteUdwdbythantlMr. 


THE  RUPTURE  9^8 

with  wSiSr ii"vi7JTonic:ro''r'^^^^  »>  «*?.'-»  -->- 

the  committee  much^a^(SyZ.jTl°\'^^'''^  •**»*=«* 
ruled  for  good  «nd  the^;.„S^f  SJTt:?"  *"  "T  ^  °^"' 
bleswng  and  guidance  ev^^^  «  ""ngdom,  and  may  His 
BrotheFDuncS  ^*'"-     ^*  ««a»in,  dear 

••  Yours  very  faithfully  in  the  Lord. 

"Fred.  E.  Wigram. 
"W.Gray,  • 

"Secretaries." 

In  ihiB  cruel,  heartle*,  naohriaaan  way  was  then  to  be 

worLlZlH  kL^  "^'  °"«  °'  the  most  wond^S 
mSor^"'^"^** '^  °°*  "^  ^"  "»«  ^o^l<»'»  Watery  of 

"The  Chorch,"  not  Christ,  was  to  rule  Metlakahtia. 
toe  intention  of  the  committee  to  sever  the  re^oM  f?hJ 

evenZS^Tr'j-?^''*  *"**  *'«  bishop  shonld  not 
even  respect  the  conditions  imnoaed  hw  ♦!.«  ^       ..I 


1, 


u 


I 


Rl  .1 


i    1 


M*  THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 

^futa  to  go  home  to  England. 

IJe  bidiop,  undoubtedly  fearftU  of  the  couMuenn. 
Of  thi.  overreaching,  unle«  he  could  be  ^"^TZS! 

Mr  r!^?!^^  ?^  ^*  ''^"^  °'  **^  "^o".  but  deputized 

dpit^^Se^to'lr, J?d  ^i  °'  "■*  *^«*y'  -^^ 
J.  piuweaiy  fled  to  England  on  the  same  ateamer  on  which 

Mr.  Duncan  had  arrived  at  MeUakahUa. 

hi2°*  °u*i*  ^'''***°''  ■«**°«  »'*°»  »«»ve  on  theiteamerthe 

»a*tU,  cried  after  him,  as  he  left  the  beach: 

Imm^*?'*"'"*^  *""  ^  owngallowB,  waahenotf  " 

ni^S.^lur  Tf*"*°«  "■*•  incSnddemtS  dL 
m^  from  his  life-work  in  connection  with  the  Societv 

House.    When  what  ha.1  transpired  had  spread  1^^ 
pn^e  fire  in  the  viUage,  one  of  the  Zi^^^l^ 

were  ready  to  carry  his  ftirnituw  and  his  books  to  the 

Z  TT"^  J^*"  ^  «^  «^'«°»*»*.  andThe  fiS 
tog  at  the  outrageous  conduct  of  the  Soiiety  and  toe 
bi^op  ran  high.    But,  be  it  said  to  the  cJSit  of  Se 
Indians,  there  was  no  breach  of  the  peace. 

ITiat  same  evening  a  meeting  was  held,  at  which  the 
Indians  unanimously  passed  a  LAu^orCr^n^l^ 

refused  to  give  them  an  answer  then,  as  they  were  ex- 
cited, and  many  of  the  people  were  awky.        ^  ^ 

il  J^l^*  TfJ''  «*^*  ^ '"°"'«'  "^l-tio"  of  Sim. 
ijar^rt^  adopted  at  a  second  meeting  held  shorUy  rf- 

Brfore  deciding,  he  wanted  to  be  sure  that  all  the 
people  were  with  him,  and  that  their  action  wSSnottak^ 
in  haste  and  excitement,  which  tiiey  might  iTti^SJ^ 


THE  BUPTURE 


M8 


Th«  ehvroh  had  not  been  opened  from  the  time  of  his 
dimiMl  tiU  abont  Ohrirtmaa  time,  when  everybody  waa 
back  in  the  village.  The  elden  then  oaUed  a  meeting  in 
the  chnrch  for  diacnaaion  on  the  action  of  the  Society. 
AU  the  naUvea  came  outr-aicit  aud  weU,  young  and  old  • 
even  the  cripplea  humped  along  aa  fast  aa  they  could.     ' 

Only  Mr.  Duncan  waa  absent  He  did  not  want  to  in- 
fluence  them  by  his  presence. 

The  meeting  did  not  hiat  long.  Theae  people  in- 
tuitively  felt  what  he  had  done  for  them,  and  what  he 
had  been  to  them.  They  knew  that  they  owed  him  all 
that  they  now  prized— happy  homea,  loving  families, 
peace,  order,  civilizaUon,  and,  moat  of  all,  a  sure  hope 
of  heaven,  and  they  needed  no  long  harangues  in  order 
to  know  what  to  do. 

A  few  speeches  were  made,  short,  to  the  point,  and  full 
of  feeling.  Every  heart  beat  in  unison.  And  when  one 
of  the  elders  put  the  question  to  them :  « ♦  Will  you  have 
the  bishop  or  Shimauget'  for  your  leader!"  even  the 
holy  place  where  they  were,  aud  their  great  respect  for  it, 
could  not  restrain  a  shout  of:  "Shimauget!"  which 
almost  shook  the  solid  walls.  And  when  a  show  of  hands 
was  called  for,  every  hand  in  the  house  was  raised  for 
Mr.  Duncan.    Not  one  hand  stirred  for  the  bishop. 

Now  Mr.  Duncan  was  sent  for.  Became.  The  elders 
met  him  at  the  door,  and  conducted  him  to  a  seat  pre- 
pared  for  him  at  the  head  of  the  centre  aisle. 

One  of  the  elders,  George  Usher,  then  approached, 
Bible  in  hand,  and  turning  to  the  congregation,  said  : 

"  You  are  now  asked  to  confirm  with  your  own  voices, 
your  action  at  the  diflTerent  meetings,  and  to  say  whether 
you  wish  Mr.  Duncan  to  continue  as  your  teacher  and 
'  The  chief.  The  name  which  all  of  them  had  given  to  Duncan  for 
years.  Every  child  in  the  village  knew  who  "Shimange*"  waii. 
There  wm  only  one  of  that  name  in  the  village. 


.1 


I 


9oe 


:  I 


» 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


"to  bekalf  of  Uila  <Jhpiittaii  oMun~..i.     . 

■nek  u  eiteot  for«ot  all  m.»j  .         J  •  OUBop,  who  lo 

bishop'f  side  hoW%th^;"h',J5,r^""3'«^^^      'AU  on  tte 
being  thus  ensnared  I    Silfi  .r.     ^'"!^'"*  *''*•'  »"T>n«e  «t 

teacher.  °®  ^°°^**  remain  aa  their 


W/ 


THE  RUPTURE  ^7 

hm  on  to  the  k^  of  tlw  Mtarion  Hou«LVhIflh^? 
DnaoMluMltanwdoTwtoliliii.     "  """^  ^*»»«*  Mr. 


i 


XXXII 

THE  SERPENT 
not  come  to  England.    A  If^tZlZ    T^'        *****  ^®  "^ 
Society'a"      ^     Domm's  Indian"  ^d  not  "the 

^|oo ««,  d.«p^^  °J'tt:sri^d'ir^s 

the  diadem  of  mtaZii!  "^  "*"°°»  """m  Jewel  ia 
Mtoslona.ySoierC^,?^,"!?"™''  "f  the  ChimJ, 

268 


THE  SERPENT 


369 


The  bishop  came  back.  From  Victoria  he  wrote  Mr. 
Duncan,  made  him  all  kinds  of  propositions,  some  show- 
ing  such  a  smaU,  contemptible  mind,  that  they  could  not 
help  makxn,f  a  man  of  the  steriing  moral  solidity  of  Mr 
Duncan  recoU.  Ail  in  vain.  Mr.  Duncan's  one  answe^ 
was: 

"Too  late." 

lu  a  white  community  of  948  souls,  for  that  was  found 
to  be  the  exact  number  of  inhabitants  at  Metlakahtla. 
when,  a  few  years  later,  a  census  was  taken,  it  would  not 
be  expected  that  there  could  not  be  found  some  one  who 
would  not  stand  steadfast  through  all  temptations,  for 
any  length  of  time.  Some  one  has  said  about  the 
Tsimsheans:* 

"The  Indians  are  no  better  than  the  white  men  " 
•^^■Z'^  therefore,  not  strange,  if  the  wonderful  una- 
mmity  should,  m  time,  be  slightly  broken.  There  were  at 
Metlakahtla  some  people  who  had  not  lived  such  con- 
sistent  Uvea  as  Christians  should.  They  had  been  re- 
buked and  reprimanded  by  Mr.  Duncan,  some  of  them 
publicly. 

A  few  of  them  were  former  chiefs,  who  felt  slighted 
They  were  not  made  much  of,  and  were,  in  fact,  kept 
down.    Their  ambition  had  been  wounded  by  the  stern 
and  determined  man  at  the  head  of  the  colony,  who  knew 
no  other  merit  than  Christian  virtue. 

It  took  but  littie  inducement,-<mall  attentions,-onoe 
m  awhUe  a  little  stirring  in  the  hardly-heaJed  wound, 
which  still  smarted  at  times,  to  fan  into  flame  the  smould- 
enng  embers  of  dissatisfaction  in  these  minds. 

So,  after  four   or   five  months,   there  was  really  a 

bishop's  party"  at  Metlakahtla,  consisting  of  four  or 
five  adults,  a  minority  of  them  so-called  ex-chiefe,  one  of 
them,  at  least,  an  exconvict  and  a  ticket-of- leave  man, 
I*  wn  one  of  their  own  ntunber  who  Mid  it. 


i  I 


N 


270 


h' 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


^  r  ?*^<>^fr*>"»  J»"  Mr.  Dnncan  held  in  the  hoUoir 

Zi^         rr  ^  ""^  "°'  "y  ^^  ^«  "«^«  exercised  the 
privilege.    He  would  not  be  the  man  he  is,  if  he  had. 

Thfa  was  all  the  bishop  wanted.  He  at  last  had  ac- 
qmred  a  "  party  "  at  Metlakahtla. 

Ou  the  very  day  of  the  rapture,  he  had  approached 
Mr.  Duncan's  native  teacher,  David  Leask,  a  sterling 
man  and  noble  Christian  (who,  till  the  day  of  his  death! 
^  a  leader  and  a  giant  among  this  people),  and  offerS 

had,  If  he  would  forsake  Mr.  Duncan's  leadership,  and 
^ptwork  for  the  Society  under  the  bisho^^s  Sd^ 
But  I^,  poor  as  he  was,  spumed  the  tempti. 

On  his  return  from  England,  the  bishop  was  more  sue 
^1  in  corrupting  Mr,  Duncan's  white  teacher,  an 
Englishman,  who  had  been  paid  by  Mr.  Duncan  oi  o? 
a^ieZ''  ^""""^  ^^  ^"^  ""*  severance  from  the 
A  female  Indian  assistant  in  the  school  did  not  have 
^  power  to  resist^  which  David  Leask  had  shown, 
men  die  also  was  tempted  by  the  bishop  to  give  up  her 
school  for  a  consideration,  she  deserted  Mr.  Duncan. 

Thus  he  tiiought   to   interfere  with   Mr.  Duncan's 
^ool  work,  and  for  a  time  really  partly  succeeded  in 

Me^llltianf '""  *"  "*'*^'*  "^^  re«,ur«»  of  t*e 

thU^  ^'  '''"°'  ^^  ^"^  **  ^  assiduously  undenrtood 
Z  ^5:,P''°«»°»  a  lone,  insignificant  man,  never  could 
successftilly  stand  out  against  tiie  Society/which,  he  ^ 
very  cwefal  to  impress  on  their  minds,  had  an  annual  in- 
come  of  over  "a  million  doUara."  «tau»iin 

Now  the  Indians  were  to  feel  the  truth  of  this  • 
The  main  income  of  the  Metlakahtians,  enabling  them 
to  run  tiieir  viUage,  tiieir  school,  and  their  chu^,  „ 


THE  SERPENT  gyj 

■T^Ik??"  "^"^  «»te^ri«».  came  from  the  viUaiw 
-to^  which  now  had  been  oxganized  on  a  co6p3J 

in^  ^°*  **"*  ^'^^^''P  ^°'  '^"'  ""e  "»e  Society's  means 

MiS^°S'**'*^i   '^««xi«.  placing  them  forllerr 
M«ion  House,  and  selling  them  at  cost  price.  '"*'''"'* 

Here  again  these  splendid  natives  spurned  the  seroent'. 

ZlZZ  '"^         '**°'"'^  amaUer price fi.>m 

Si  S^  ««^  «l»f»cter  among  our  white  Christians  I 

But  the  bishop's  scheme  did  parOaUy  succeed,     Th« 

neighbooring  b-ibes,  whose  trad^  cStSST^uite^ 

item  in  the  store's  business,  were,  to  some  ext^t,  tl^t^ 

by  Uie  cunning  bribe,  in  the  nature  of  lower  pricT^ 

il^^  '»">>'»»  tte  house,  led  the  way  to  the  kieolM. 


273  THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 

thJ'/hoS'^  ^^'li^^S^r^P  f°  *•»«  "^'^^  performer,  took  him  bv 
the  "houldeni,  and  before  he  could  reefer  his  s^if-posSSon 
had  him  at  the  nver  brink,  and  assured  him  that  I  «SSd^i 
him  further  down  next  time." »  ^""^ 

I^onderhowmanrheathenlndiansMr.DuncanwouId 
have  succeeded  in  converting  at  an  early  day,  if  his 

T^^  f  Pr^°~  ^«*  »>««"  t^-ted  with  the'^ishop's 
muscnlar  Christianity."  "«""i» » 

t«'^™°*^'  T*  °^  ""*  ^''^""^  ^'^  t°  <»»  for  a  war-ship 
tSp^^      "^"^  *^'  ^^^  ^*^  submission  to  "HiS 

NJ'tlJ^".?^*.  ^^7"^  ^^^t  «^o»  to  the  Mission  House. 

taon.    But  the  bishop  now  had  commenced  to  set  up  a 
^m  that  all  that  was  b^lt  and  started  by  Mr.  DunLJ 
^^ir''*^  ^S^^i^'^tions  sent  him,  was  the  Society's 
property.    Mr.  Duncan,  in  1885,  stated  that  all  such  con- 
tributions, from  the  very  first  up  to  that  date,  amounted, 
in  all,  not  to  exceed  16,000,  and  as  against  this  he  showed 
the  cost  and  maintenance  of  the  church  $12,969,  establish- 
ing new  industries  111,426,  village  improvements  $3,040. 
and  aid  furnished  the  villagers  in  building  their  new 
Houses  $7,238,  or  a  total  expenditure  of  $34,663. 

The  Indians,  after  having  sought  legal  advice  as  to 
their  rights  in  the  premises,  concluded  to  move  the  vil- 
tage  store  away  from  the  undesirable  proximity  to  the 
Mission  House,  where  the  bishop  resided. 

When  they  undertook  to  do  this  in  a  peaceable  and 
quiet  way,  the  bishop,  who  in  the  meantime  had  secured 
a  magistrate's  commission,  got  up  and  read  the  riot  act 
to  them,  and  immediately  sent  such  an  alarming  report 

IflT^^'''^  ^  ^^^*°"*  **"**  *^«  authorities  dared 
not  wait  till  they  could  get  hold  of  one  of  their  own  war- 

•a«rc»  MmUmart  Oleaner,  No.  01,  July,  1881,  p«g«  79. 


/! 


THE  SERPENT  278 

S*?nd  n/thr*^"^  "^^  "^'  ^°^'^  States  Government 

vS^X  ^^m!? °*^  "^"  *'"^*^'  proceeded  to  in- 
2.?n  tJ^  r?!:"*"*^  "°' '  ^""^  *'*'°«  *°  «»«  conclusion 
riot  and  ^h  ^''^l^'"'  «vide°oe,  there  had  been  no 
riot,  and,  therefore,  dismissed  the  case. 

had  ariinT  ""*  '*''*"°*  '"'*'*'  ""^"^  ^"'">«'  '^^"bles 

Of  N:vettrim  """  "^  '^  ''^  ^'^^^  -  ^«  ^"^ 

ho?°ii*'®l?^°/^°'*^'''  someoneof  thebishop'sparty 
had  bought  a  drum  from  one  of  the  Indians.    As  he^ 

«f£,  *  ^  ^'  ^°°^°  ''^^  *<>  Mr.  Collison,  wh5 
rjfosed  to  return  it,  and  recommended  a  lawsuit.    ThL 

^  mnTh!r,^J?""  °'""^'''  •^"^  **>«^«  ^««  ^t  the  time 
flo  much  bad  blood  in  the  camp  that  it  did  not  require 
anything  very  great  to  create  a  row  at  Metlakahtir 

nf  ri;.       J!!!'  ''*1°  ^'^  °°'  ''*"'  ^  ^^e'-cise  his  powers 

SJraid^f  t^f  H  *t  *  J^"^  ^'  ^^'^  Simpson     But^ 
ttrl^  "^'^  *^^  '*•"  ^^'^^^  ^^'^^d  not  take  up 

t.f:aa^r^^^ 

«hnnM*^  ?t°  ^^'^  *^**  ^"^  **»«  meantime  the  drum 
SLso?!^""^-  «"*-h--boy,cont..rytoZ 
"1^1  V      f  «'^'"«"*>  appeared  on  the  street  with  the 

dr^m  J  TT""'"  *''**  *^^  *^«  P^*  o^°«"  took  ttie 
arum  away  from  him. 

The  bishop,  who  had  not  been  in  any  hurry  up  to  this 
time,  now  became  very  much  aroused,  and  at  once,  on 


874 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


!f. 


December  28th,  iasaed  his  warrant  for  the  two  malfeMOia. 
When  brought  before  him,  he,  without  any  examination 
or  hearing,  on  hia  own  motion  sent  them  to  jail,  thete  to 
remain  untilJanuary  2d.  Hia  excuse  was  that  he  wanted 
to  have  it  determined  as  to  the  ownership  of  the  drum 
before  their .  earing. 

The  Indians,  with  a  keen  appreciation  of  the  righto  of 

an  accused  person  to  a  speedy  trial,  at  once  called  a  meet- 
ing,  without  the  knowledge  or  presence  of  Mr.  Duncan. 
At  this  meeting  it  was  voted  to  send  a  delegation  to  tiie 
Wahop,  and  request  him  to  give  tiie  men  an  immediate 
trial. 

On  proceeding  to  the  bishop's  house  for  this  purpose, 
the  delegation  espied  him  coming  up  the  sti«et,  and^- 
eluded  to  wait  for  him.  One  of  tiie  delegates,  an  old 
mM,  held  up  his  hand  as  tiie  bishop  was  nearing,  and 
said :  ' 

"Stop,  bishop." 

The  bishop  pushed  tiie  old  man  aside.  But  one  of  tiie 
otiiMs,  a  young  man,  named  Paul  Legale^  tiie  old  chiefs 
nephew,  stepped  out  into  the  road,  and  said : 

"No,  bishop.  Don't  do  tiiat  We  want  to  talk  to 
you.  Why  do  you  not  fay  tiie  two  men,  before  sendimr 
them  to  jail  f"  ^ 

The  bishop  did  not  answer  tiie  question,  but  staTiok  tiie 
young  man  a  blow.  He  was  a  sfa^ng,  powerful  man,  and 
could  have  annihilated  tiie  bishop,  and  did,  in  fact,  lift 
hUk  Land,  when  one  of  the  others  said : 

' '  No,  don't  strike  back.    Let  him  go." 

He  followed  tiie  advice,  and  did  not  touch  tiie  bishop. 
One  of  the  party,  Robert  Hewson,  a  humorous  and  gifted 
young  mw,  now  a  highly  respectable  and  influential 
citizen  of  NewMetiakahtia,  couldnothold  back  an  odious 
oomparteon.  He  stepped  up  to  the  bishop,  and,  taking 
hold  of  his  right  hand,  said  :  *^        >  "^"K 


THE  SERPENT 


276 


This  hand  fight 


"Bishop,  this  hand  baptize  Indian. 
Indii  1." 

tLJ^\i!f''^L^  Ws  «ge,gave  him  a  violent  blow  on 
^\u  T  T^  "°*^  **"*  '^  ^  ^^^  Wm  against 
another  Indton,  Jacob  Bolton.     That  was  moi^han 

Hewson  could  stand.    He  had  a  temper  as  well  as  the 

^^'^^  ^'  **™"''  ^^  °"**-  ^'  the  same  time, 
Jaoob  Bolton,  whose  nose  was  bleeding  from  the  blow  he 
had  revived  when  Hewson  was  poshed  against  him, 
started  in  earnest  to  give  the  bishop  what  he  evidenUy 
was  looking  for.  ' 

^J^V'I^^'^'^  '**■'  "•*  ^^<>^«  "^^^  to  take  a  hand, 
^1  ^\  ^^**^  ^""^^  undoubtedly  have  &red  ver4 
bad^y  had  it  not  been  for  Mr.  Duncan's  constables,  who 

SS?^  'J^"^  "'^  ^^^  '^^^  "»d  rescu^  the 
Disnop,  with  the  warning  words  to  the  men  : 

i.Sf^?T™"^*°°'*«^^    Better  suffer  wrong." 
But  the  bishop  struck  us  first" 

him  Z"^  ^*'  ^^.^^  ^^ '  ^°'  "°*  ^^     W«  ^^  show 

him  that  we  are  Christians." 

The  bishop  now  went  to  the  Mission  House.    The 
crowd  started  to  thejaU  and  released  the  prisoners. 
wh^^H        "^^^^^^  ««»e  «P  on  the  riot  case,  this 

r.^1!^  'f ''"°'  ~'^*''  "^^  for  the  bishop's  un- 
a^n^MT  .1''^"  "°^' ""  ^-  ^"^"^  feltadelicacy 
h^l  ^     K*   "I*  "^^"^  ^P'  *°^  *»•«  Fort  Simpson 

teims  with  the  bishop  to  take  any  steps  against  him 

At  the  hearing  before  the  magistrates,  the  bishop  swore 
tnat  he  was  set  upon  by  a  mob  of  two  hundred  and  fifty 

in?*"*"  J'  "^  ''^^^^  P~^*°'  ^^'^^^er'  that  there  were 
not  over  twenty  or  twenty-five  Indians  present 

He  also  swore  that  the  old  Indian  had  first  struck  him 


'i 


I 


n» 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


II 


As  miirht  bA  ATru>»fli       """"P  WM  Held  to  be  illeeaL 

seemed  that  both  p  rties  in«r-!/  i^!?^'  "^^  *^  **»«  i' 
Sometuuee,  aadoabtedly,  one  sii  t^L  ,1. 

Md  magistrates.  '^"-ship,  and  for  commissionew 

>«»««  di»reganJed  this  bv  1,„     °,  °      "^  '"^"P'"  '»'• 


THE  SERPENT  277 

few  i^uChe  ZZ^  "«•  "■>  >'""«'  *«"  "» 
«.«  poor  p«.pr   Ba??i  did    T^ ™'*''' "»  *" 

"iawi  did  not  low  S,  «»^  '','""1  <"• '«"  »»  I"* 
to  ?1  who  kBoi^„!:^     i*^""  ■""Setter  la  a  mrpriw 

^  «™™,«  "*•'»•»- to  b.m»aoned».i«tl., 

«o  thai  Mr.  Doacanwi^bi  j^lf?^*'     °"^  """ »  "*«- 
to  dedgt  as  h.T„I?^  .  L*^  *"  '*«°«t  ■"»>  'o  »ritli« 

times  in  whWh  ttw  «~  u*.    ° ''""^  "* '""Won. 
been  11,«J  .1    ft^  S  "'i?«'  •'^^'d  that  ho  had 

th.  gon,  LTchJ^'-a^  t™^.t™l''.rd''e  'T'  "' 

T^z.^  ""^-^  -™Cr°h*ii:tt^vr.'dT 

All  of  this  was  sheer  imagination     Tt.««. ».  ^  v 
gnn  fired  at  nil      a  „     """8«na"on.    There  had  been  no 

««iop  s  House,  for  the  purpose  of  scaring  a 


^^ 


I 


4^ 


978 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


M 


Tne  Uglit  seemed  now  almpW  to  ii«™  "»»..  J 
beewee.  u.e  bl^rji  iiZTJ^'"""— '"'"°'* 

i«g  thenurtve,  to  be  Md.  tooh  of  by  tt?S2» 
here  give^       ^^*  "'**'  °*°»^  *"  "atoiy  they  »» 

«.Si:il"a^^-^  ^^"^  ^"^-  «p--, 


!. 


XXXIII 

THE  LAST  BLOW 

BTJT  the  bitterest  fight  was  to  ooine.    The  biahop 
bad  always  claimed  the  ownership  of  the  Society 
to  the  two  acres  of  groond  on  which  the  miaaion 
buildings  were  erected. 

The  Provincial  Government  of  British  Ck)lambia  had, 
of  late,  set  up  the  claim,  opposed  to  the  general  trend  of 
the  policy  of  Cbnada,  as  weU  as  of  the  United  States,  in 
dealing  with  the  Indian  land  claims,  that  the  Indians  had 
no  rights  in  the  lands  which  they  and  their  ancestors  had 
been  in  possession  of  for  centuries  before  the  advent  of 
the  white  man,  and  that  they  were  wholly  dependent  for 
permission  to  occupy  any  hwds  at  all  upon  the  grace  and 
bounty  of  the  Queen. 

In  order  to  gain  the  support  and  aid  of  the  Provincial 
Government,  in  his  war  upon  these  Indians,  who  leAised 
to  submit  to  "His  Lordship's"  benign  rule,  the  bishop 
now  turned  traitor  to  the  interests  of  all  the  Indians  in 
the  Province,  sided  with  the  land-grabbers  and  the  local 
government  in  their  unjust  claims,  and  demanded  that 
the  Government  by  virtue  of  its  sole  tiUe  and  ownership 
of  the  pretended  Indian  lands,  survey  and  set  aside  to  the 
Missionary  Society  the  two  acres  at  the  mission  point 
above  mentioned. 

This  was  more  than  the  Indians  could  stand.  Those 
who  had  posed  as  would-be  shepherds  and  protectors, 
now  ready  to  turn  and  rob  them  of  their  patrimony  I 

The  war-cloud  commenced  to  hover  over  the  entire 
Indian  horizon  in  British  T.  lumbla,  and  no  one  could 
ttU  what  tha  and  would  be. 

fl79 


MO 


I 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


of  the  Province  elected  thii  deT^eL  tw^t™  f"^ 
^iog  men  of  MeUakahtla,  John  S^t^Xwa^  t? 
Mather,  to  accompany  Mr.  Duncan  to  nJTa       i  ^  ^ 
to  Invoke  the  Infel^ion  of  the  ^li„?^"^  ^°  °"^«' 
anent  the  at»ja/>ir.  «r  ♦!:  n     7   ^"»'olon  Government, 

«  n«^-i  >i    ""'*''*^®*^»  ^nat  1  receive  no  salarv  " 
Good,"  anawered  Sir  John,  "tJmtBettfJk    Indx 


THE  LAST  BLOW 


S81 


TOUT  propowd  plan  shiOl  be  tli«  Uw  of  the 


montlM 
land." 

m^'ZlT!  •**?*  *''*  *^'  '  *"°^  *'  ''^"•d  ^  better  for 
me  not  to  return  to  Metlakahtia  uutti  your  plan,  have 
been  fully  matured,  dnce  for  me  to  go  tick  there  un5« 
tlie«j  circumataucea  would  only  fan  the  flame,  which  I 
hope  we  now,  with  your  aid,  will  entirely  Hubdue.  All  I 
ask  you,  then,  ia  to  give  to  the  Indian  delegate*  your  aa- 
•uranoe  that  the  matter  wUl  be  aetUed  the  way  they  have, 
through  me,  aaked."  ^ 

This  waa  done. 

Mr.  Dnncaa  went  to  England,  then  to  await  develop- 
mentis  and  the  delegates  returned  home,  filled  with  hope 
that  the  Queen's  Government  would  give  them  their 
righbs  and  fulfill  the  solemn  pledge,  theretofore  made  to 
toe  Ind  ans  by  Loid  Duflferin,  the  GovernorOeneral  and 
Her  M^esty's  representative  in  Canada. 

They  cheerfully  reported  to  the  other  Indians  at  home 
the  fine  promises  of  Sir  John. 

Poor,  deluded  Indians  1  They  did  not  know  that  a 
politician  8  promises  are  like  ropes  of  sand.  One  day 
they  should  find  out  that  Sir  John  Macdonald  was  only  • 
pollUcian,  and  that  his  word  of  honour,  though  solemnly 
given,  was  not  worth  a  picay.  ne. 

flii°T^"^/*°'  ^-  ^"°'*"  *«^°  ^*d  «>  Bxidieuce  with 
fn^    •?"'«    J'^^'i*'  *•'*  •""'*  ^^"^^  ^«r«  reiterated, 
In^  Z^r^^""  ^^^  ""^  '*"*'  »>*  ^'^  'Written  the  Society 
and  h^  met  a  committee  from  it  in  London  on  the  mat! 
ter,  and  had  strictly  adhered  to  his  former  demands,  that 
they  abandon  Metlakahtla  at  once. 
Jfefore  leaving  London,  however,  Sir  John  had  a  second 
conference  with   the  Society,  after  which  he  entirely 
changed  front,  went  back  on  all  his  solemn  promises  to 
Mr.  Dnncan  and  the  Indians,  and  in  his  official  report 
•oon  thereafter  issued,  appeared  in  the  r61e  of  a  defendw 


V 


S82 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


r-' 


twaea  this  ChriST  *!'«  ^'^  "^  ^'^^  i°to  be- 

Cliu«,h  of  England  pai^ TiWrfnT  "^^  **^  ""* 
general  election,  wwXias  fe^^  «*»»«  approaching 
of  his  party.  ^  *°  ^  "^^^  ^  ^te,  and  that 

^^  n^SS^  ^^„  ^e  stipulated  six  n^ontha    He 

no  tidingHf-ret^^eS  bT'^oTSLw'  ^°«  »>^'  -<» 
terview  with  Sir  John  but  Zm  ^  **  '"°«'**  "» ^"- 
wrote  a  letter  to  theDenn JJ?/  f °*  «**  ^^  ^^  «•«« 
who  promised  to  ^ite^ J?^.  ""^ °^  ^"^^»°  ^^ai^^ 
But  no  an^  ^Te  h1  tH  *°*''''"  ***  ^etlakahS 
kahtla  to  Sirir^o  :.  t'j;  '^Sot""'*  '~"  ^*"- 
edgment  of  the  m^ipfof^Ler  IThT  *'^°°^^- 
eet  courtesy  certainly  wouid^c^^'  ^'**  "'^  ~^°°- 

Govem^ent^STo  «n^  T.  J*°'  ^^  ">«  ^""^ion 
the  Indians  for  a  ^'T^f  ""^^  ^'  ^«  P^«««i  to  aUow 

thg^  we.  no.  c^rt^'rsXtr  "^^  ^'"'^  ^^^^ 

to^rt'^tJrriX^t'to  ?•**?*  '^  "^^  --  ^-  «»- 

prevent  the  survevoiTfiv^m  ^*.  ""^^  concluded  to 

This  they  din^evefTitS^  °"  "?"»  «>  ^^  work. 
Often  «>re,ypVj^^^;;ff^-J^vto^^^^  though 
party.  "^        *™oience  of  the  •nryeyiog 

«hv  iiaiply  did  It  ia  tWi  wtj , 


THE  LAST  BLOW  283 

Indians  took  it  up,  and  laid  it  down.    WhTSe  Ir 
veyor  drove  a  stake,  the  Indians  pulled  it  ud     w2n 
he  surveyor  laid  a  chain,  Uie  Indiar^k  t  away     But 
they  kept  it  up  all  the  time.  "^^waway.    But 

I  can  well  afford  to  admit  that  this  was  a  great  mistake 
Nothing  could  be  gained  by  actions  of  thS^rTSLn; 
what  happened  after  the  lapse  of  some  time  to  Wit  Th« 

Jlh!  ,'L'"'*'*''"-«'^P'  ««dthedep^I'ti^„TfJen 
of  the  leaders  in  the  interference :  John  Tait  mZ^ 

^ver^  Moses  Baines,  and  James  Smith,  ani  tteS-  suL 
tTrlrr^^^^"  ^^^^  in  Victoria  for^f^^Tr^: 

nn^n"!''!  '1?°°^'*  "member  that  it  was  not  easy  for  Mr 
Duncan  to  have  their  untutored  minds  grasp  3  to^  Zl 
dis  inctions,  where  they  felt  their  inn^htel^^ 
fully  distorted  and  played  with.  ®" 

The  Indians,  in  order  to  get  a  test  case  in  fi.«  i- 

to  compel  tb^z^rzzz^^rv'""'^'' 

bnilding  *  "'  *"  offensive  Utile 

that  "  *L  ;  °,»       !  ^  *°°''  P*'°«  **»  8»ate  from  the  bench 
w  uigni  oe  accorded  to  them  by  the  bounty  ud  charity 


I 


284 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


of  the  Queen  of  England  "  bn*  »)«« 

a  veiy  improper  and  ini^n-  •        '  *"  *'  **«"«  to  me,  in 

M^jesty'sGoverni^^topXtld'r''-^'''*^^^ 
Of  the  Indians  in  and  to?hT,L7^f--,«>«^«^t« 

for  the  mob."  '  *     simply  blarney 

tie  exact  U.gi^TS^fSrT.?^?"''^''"-  '"'• 

M«..kahttawi.ht,>.';^,.t.r*™"°°  "•*"■""• 

in  the  many  trials  and  trihn?  .■     ^""^  ""■'*"^  •»  Um 

.»t  h^  C^ilS^^f  th^r '  ""  "— 
«•  called  of  the  &«.„!  *°  '"^'"^  «  ""a-* 

Dnncan,  to  hV™™ifte,^Sf,  J?  MetlahahUa,  Mr. 
North  had  brooThf  .I™L  ***  "'  *"""  fi»ni  the 

..  "eetTh^rd  ^TdZ^d  t'"  J°^    =-"* 
•nd  Jodah  G-ihri,  X*  ^*  '«*'  «<*««  Hc™,,^ 

They  M  O^tS^^^T'^,"^  '"  «*  "■«■• 
people  near  by,  inZti^t^h^  .^^  «'*""'  "  «« 
boOy,  and  traSed  no^^     """  ** ""y  *«^  ''ery- 
Finally,  npon  being  inftmwil  tk..  .u 

-P^  «U  the  ne«  dalf,  a»d  Z:f  o^i.^  :r.r 


THE  LAST  BLOW  ,j, 

secretary.  P"™«r.    m  •ttorney-geiienU,  md  a 

Of  the  member,  „,  ZSoT^i^^t^.tSemr^'r"' 
«.y  co^eie-ee  sboa.  the  ,n.tn.^,  tfl:  S^^  ""'• 

come  to  yo»  Mw^r^J!  ?  ??  "^^  bodes  no  good.    I 

b.  done  '^  C'ti^t  r?o:rL""°r?"^ 

probably  be  aeJedZiT^J'u^  ^  **'''  "^^  ^«°^»>  '^iU 
only  one  of  t^d4^J^^"/°«  nothing.    There  an, 

have  come  to.  ZeTt^t  T  '"^^^  '»»«^  «>°ld 
that,  aU  is  gSd  anS  wdl  iZt  /°'  ^^^  ^^  "  ^ 
that  I  have  1^  for  The  st«Vi°''  ***"'  to-morrow  nighty 
Alaska.    But,  if  I  do  no^^^  ^'""^^^  ''°'*'^  ***'  >'  i^ 

fight  And  Vit\tiJ:z''^^  *^*'  ^'  °^«*°« 

White  people  of  thte^Wn^oe.^o^;'',,"^'^^  °"  *^« 
five  thousand  men  nnVhl  a  i^''  ""^^^  °®^  ^^  send 
only  to  be  killTtoJ^  ^Tn.^°^  *^*;^  ^"^  ««  ^"^^"^ 
SkeenaEiver  audS?Vi,«  •,?  '*°^  """^  withdraw  up 
Will  be  simpW  sta^^^ 

Indians  Will  ";^^:L^^,y^^  S?  "'"^  ^'^^ 
be  depleted.  Your  jWaMon  «JS  J'^'^J^^y  will 
soldier  will  be  slauS^  B^  iJ'r'^r*-  ^°" 
-e.meanymo^.^.,^^S^;-J^^Vd^^^^ 


,lv| 


i   'J 


286 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


prayed,  till  I  am  sick  at  h^Hf'th!^'*-  ^T"^"^'  ^^ 
ahowered  on  those  poor  InS."  """*  y°°  ^*^« 


XXXIV 

THE  NEW  HOME 

^.DrZl  t^]  ^^^^'-"e-t  slept  easier  that  lug^ 

that  !L*pSerTas%^'  ^tJJITT^  ^™™  ^-'W-gton. 
ex-farmer  was  buSfng  for  WcSSf^jf^^?*  •>?"»«.  *Wch^^^ 
haf.fi„,shed,  and  now  abandS  tL  r°"*'  '**^  ""ere 
dying  and  could  not  be  seen  SinTl  .k"*'™*^'-*""*'  *« 
nected  with  this  cryinir  iniuS.  ?!  *i^'°'  *^"y  on*  con- 
is  Mine,'  saith  the  Sd."  ^    ''"  ^'^  ^'^-     'The  vengeance 

high.  It8eem^toVi^!^l^^,'"fi^feeIi.g«^„ 
to  Uve  for  now     jLh^i?!?^.   "  '^  "'*''^  ^««  "ot^ng 

now,  at  last,  bv  the  cnwa  ^T°f"'  ^^^  Premiers,  and 
sort.'  ThTcWh  Ch^  1°"'  ''°^'  their l^iti^- 
«««rating  theTaTsSl  t""'  '"'  ^^"^  ^"  "" 

and  die,  as  to  hTve  th^  i.-  u  ^  ''®"  ^^^^^  ^^  kiU, 
from  tj'the  Ld  which^nitt?"^  ''"''"  '^^^  '^^'^^ 
<J«d8  Of  years  before  a  wh^.  *"  ^'''""^  ^O'  hun- 
Colambia.''  *  ''^'**  °"^  P"*  »  foot  in  British 

The  more  earnest  Chdstians  pleaded  for  Alaska  • 

287  ^«wiM. 


K'i 


'i 
^ 


S88 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


tiiiit^K  .?'*"''°®'^'  He  can  die.  Bat  Le  cannot 
WU,"  they  said  "  Let  u.  go  to  the  great  land  of  th^^ 
We  are  slaves  here.  There  we  can  be  free  ZT  w 
love  this  land.    We  love  this  beaufifurp W  ZZe  Zl 

And  the  Christians  won  the  day. 

The  delegaUon  was  sent  down  to  ask  Mr  n„n«-    * 

tected  in  their  riehts.    if  ba  ♦i,^^  ./,.  P"** 

leave  all  A],  i  .r.  '  ^^^^^  ^^^  ^^'"^e  ^  go  and 
^e  all  Go  where  they  would  be  free  to  wo^ip  their 
God  as  their  consciences  dictated,  without  interferen«L 
or  wony  from  priest,  bishop,  or  Society.       """^'''^"^ 

ChH^i.  °?"^.**'°°«^'  '^  ^^  fi™t  to  appeal  to  some 
Omstian  friends  in  this  country,  of  whom^h^  ^ 

TwJi^^T"^  *'*  P~P«'  ^ffi<^  -f  the  Govern^ 
at  Washington,  and  to  ascertain  from  them  toT^fc 
modus  operandi.  "**  °^* 

cha«h«,  for  i,m,  and  g.ve  him  their  moral  sapwrtTa 


THE  NEW  HOME  ggg 

SecretaryofStateu  a^H^f^K    J  ^"^'^ent  Cleveland,  his 

that  lie  and  his  Ind  L«  .    *^  f"**  ^"'^  privately 
selves  a  hornet  ItS,  an7th"f  ""T  ^  ^'°^  "»«"^ 
some  action  would  iSeVk«„  kM°  *^'""'  undoubtedly 

aecn,^  them  in  teir  ri^ht  if'^th^f  "^^  '""^  ^ 
select  an  island  suTaWe  t^t^  ^  themselves  would 
officiaUy  xiothingTiSd  M  th^r«P"'^J  *>»*  that 
might  be  constru!dCor^t«>-^"'''  ^  ^°"«  ^hi«h 
to  the  Canadir^vt^'^  tTl  ^  ^°  unfriendly  act 
of  its  provinces.  ^®°''  <>' to  the  government  of  any 

well  as  of  the  th«n  vLt  ®  government  officials,  a^ 

«.e  Unii^^'sl'tL^^^^r^^^^^^ 

"UntU  otherwiTp^vided  bv  i«t  '5  ^^"""^  ^'  ^^^^  •' 
land  known  as  theTnnette  M^n  J'  *'  *^'  *^«  ^^^  o^ 
Pelago,  in  Soua^eastrrS^::^  a"'^'"""'^^  ^^■ 
uae  of  the  MeUakahUa  Tn^^      !  reservation  for  the 

Alaska  nativesr^y^,S^2  TtT^  ^^^^^  ^'  "»« 
tJxem  in  common.  Si  L^^',  *^  *^  ^*^^  ^^  ^^  by 
subject  to  such  4Scao  "'ts''^"  r  "^'^*^°°^  ^^ 

grate  to  Alaska,  in  oX^^'*  "*^  *»^"««<J  to  immi- 
liberty,  and  for  thlt  ^L  ^^7  """^'^'^  «°d  civic 
up  whi^  eligiWe'^r^^^7,^«  '/**  "^^^^  '^"^^ 
might  be  found.  ^^^s^raWe  sites  for  the  new  colony 

wotfdT  o'^nelTr  '^P**""*  *«  ^-  ^'^at  a  way 
wrote  to  Mr  Sinl'td  toT 'Tr  *"  ^-^^^« 
a  devoted  Christian '^a°^*'„^':  '^-  ^-  B'«ett-Duncan, 
geuueman  of  means  from  England, 


MO 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


«««»»,  tne  benefit  of  his  professional  servinA.    ^t^a  i- 
otbjr  w.y,  gi„  to  Mr.  DoaL  wbJt^^J^ 

inis  voiced  the  opinion  of  all. 
Here,  under  the  protection  of  the  stars  and  the  nMr^ 


THE  NEW  HOME  ^^ 

Edward  Benaon,  A^^f^^*^^'  ^ohn  IWt, 

•very  twei  "  '*■*•      Happineg,  ahoin  in 

"lecUM  J?S,™^,i„^!:  "r«°-  """frtag  Um  Of  their 
to  boUd  temponttyl,l\i??vi' "■^"'''^''wpatcl.ed 

"a  P«  .p  the  Winter  Xinfrr*""  '"^  '°  '^ 

^rne':fwt.rto°irr^  T^  -^ 

ing  the  temporary  honseaT  ~  *****  ^"  «»« '^ork  of  erect- 
ar^val^rS  J;i^ei'^*^  "oo°.  »  gni,  annonnced  the 

A  temporary  flagSaTjl!  2!^"*  °"  *^«d- 
boom  of  cannon,  the^toTlH^  °P'  *"^'  ""^^^  the 
the  first  Ume  on  tlurt  sSS^  ^  "^^^  ^««  I'oisted  for 

•dowly  roee  above  ttr^''"!"*,^*^"^*  *°  the  8^ 
most  beautiful  coloZ^*  n.,"°^^^  ^  the  breeze  ae 

Speech^  were  J^  W  th«^'^  "^^  ^^^^  ^^^  of. 

StateB  Commissioner  of  il!jr'  ^^  ?*  ^'^«»°'  ^"i^d 

Bu^  more  eloquent  than  Z^'  *-     ^''^^'-  ^°°*^- 

ea«  giirtening  in  the  ey«  ^f 'r^'^  ^«^  '^^  ««ent 

they  were  looking  admiriTX^  the  stalwart  Indians,  as 

protecting  folds  fh^n^^!Zl\^^  ^'  "^^'^  ^^^ 
arare  of  their  little  nation  was  to  be 


»M  THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

lived.    n>«y«pokeoftli.nntold«Ufcriii«iB,d«»«». 

christened.  ^  "  "*®  "^'^  *^^«»»  <>'  "* 

«^  """■'*«•  °P  "»  "■«  beyond  the  beSuZfow 

The  next  momijig,  whUe  Mr.  Duncan's  effecte.  in«in^ 
ing  a  complete  steam   sawmill   ouSt  S'he  h^" 
bought  in  Portland,  were  unloaded  aS^stT^^  i„  f  J  ^ 

•Mf  was  compelled  to  live  in  a  tent  daring  the  first  BWi 
months,  George  Usher,  a  prominent  nativf,  wLT  ^ 

ch«^  with  which  to  g«^^'^pT..~""^  '  "^  « 

When  he  anired  in  the  Inlet  at  oldMetUAnhtl^  l..^u 

-^  ™"^  ""^  "P  »»  a..  b.«h.    MtalSio^.'S 


THE  NEW  HOME 

■ta^er,  which  waT^pZl  t^*     '''^'"'"H^    Th. 
teen  "ew,  pas,  by  ioZ^.       °^     "»  «•"•<;"  Iwl 

"  The  grMt  Chief  has  come. 
He  hM  gone  to  onr  new  home. 
Nowheeendsmetoyon. 
He  bide  you  come,  one  and  .11, 
We  d,.ll  be  ehive.no  longer 

Altho.ite„,.„ewMetI«kahtl.. 

It  will  protect  ne  and  onr  freedom. 
We  can  worship  God  in  peace. 

Sr^iiHiTK ':  '"pp'"« «' «"  ««"iid,«,. 

iney  will  be  the  freemen  of  a  im»t  nmH^lT 
Oome,  therefore,  one  and  ail    *^*  ""*^**"- 

G«*eryoar  little  oneearonnd  you. 
Pwh  the  canoee  from  the  I««,h 

Good  wind  will  flu  our  Mils- 

We  wiU  hasten  to  the  land  of  freedom  " 

now,  as  the  pilgrim  fathers  of 


•^  THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 

in  canoe  lIee^  toiKS^ST  ™?  "'^^  "''^'^  *»  *^«» 

MethodUt  oSpJ^^'^'^^'tf'  •»<»   by   the 
oocadon.         »^  "««»  ««w  iW<n^  oluuterod  for  the 

their  ti^eTkSny^torL^^  ""'^  ''°'»«'  ^i"»^ 

tl>e  great  light,  and  been  JIl^  i  f^  thenwelvtj  had  Men 
earth,  and  whei^TlL'!?':?  ""'^  ^^''-t'-  ehnrch  on 
behind.  ^  ^®"  **  ""^  o'  their  dear  departed 

even  the  windo^  «nf  SS^^oTti;. '^''"*"'^*'^°°« 
•dm  had  bnilt,  the  8awmTmI.M  "**  ^^""^  "^• 
and  other  n.achin«7  SeyZ  oZ^"7'r^  ^*  ^-"'^ 
bought  and  naid  for  tul        °^ea>  the  looms  they  had 

wh'Sh  eve^'Sdi^'C'^^xss  Jr.  "If  <*«^^rS 

in  all,  the  carpet  whl«h  ,?°/'**>°ted  hia  |2.60,  or  9500 
their  ;hn«h?^^t™'t~rr*"  ^  ProiidedT 
were  ^^^^Z^t^f^Z^  ^71^  ''''"  «""« 
a  haven  of  K«t  fi^i  wS^^  "?  °^  *^°'°'  toward. 
-obB  of  parting  TZ  Cke?  d^:;^  P«i«cntion,  and  the 
in  hope  and  oonrag^  °'^'  "°^  "»«  brows  lifted 

^'^^^t^Zo^lT^':^'^  -^  -  -  fo^t. 
them.  "°P®  "  the  morrow  lying  ahead  of 

Though  deprived  nf  aii  ♦!. 
lad,  in  the  D«n.  „,  Holy  Chn^,,  ,  T^  '■*•»"«.  »Wdi 

pXr?s/roz93;"--X^ 


THE  NEW  HOME  ^^ 

the  ^e  Of  th  i,  2S  f^^lT'^'I^^'y  <»^^  '«^ 
their  tear*  ^  religion,  and  smjjiug  tiuoagh 

vi:^^eTtr^rr^ll^r:i^^^^^^^ 

did  not  belong  to  the  bLho  J.  If^*^"*-  8*""*  who 
caune  they  nympatWz^  wk?^  '"t^  '^'""'"«^'  °«*  l^' 
not  the  ,JoS  Hn^to  Ltli  in  » "J  "^"^  *^«J^  »>«^ 
In  a  ■tmuge  land.  *^      "'*  '"^^  ««<*  "t^t  again 

tim^'^n^rer^vrnillity  r^^^^  '^'^^  -^  »'  the 

tainew.  ninety  four,  counting  In  hia  white  w- 

4\:s'not"  Jt^Ti^td  1?^^^  ^  -p  -^- 

•atisfaction  the  bishop  e^nSL^a^^'^r  w '  *  '°°^  °' 
he  actually  smiled  when  he  Zf  h  '  '"*'*°^-    That 

ft-m  home  andaluJ:? ;LTeii"*P^r"^«'^-en 
to  oppose  "  His  Divine  iZ^Z^,  ^  ^^*^  "<»*  ^awd 

waffhenra;::"rth?s*°°'d^^^^^  ^«'» 

and  the  weaver^  and  ?L^'  "^"^  **•*  °"«*°»  honae. 
tore,  and  thrfX"!  tdXT'.r'  *^««^«^^ 
can's  own  house,  2  for  1„!  .^^!°«^  *°^  ^r.  Dun- 
ftmds.  All-X;«  the?,LlL°'  *•''  ^'^  "private" 
title.  "  *^**"'  ^"h  none  to  dispute  their 

■^  the  last  fleet  of  canoM  aiM^  » 
'^aves  of  the  inlet,  <1^^S^J!'YT'  ^^  ^^'^^^ 
aome  portion  of  wh^^JJZ^'ZV'''  ^"^  "^^^  to  fetch 
wei^  compelled  To marn  ^^ ie^J" ?*"'  ^'^^ ^''^  °o^ 
State's  aid  had  noUnlli^^T^^''''^^  beca««e  the 
bnt  had  stayed  thei^  hlnTs  ^"  1T^'^  ^^^  *"«  C^'^h, 
I  fancy  I  J,  hear  aLtenic^HlTHf  P^^ 
from  the  mountain  peakrMthfw  h  ^*'°^°<f  ^^ 

the  possesions  whi^ord^'htr^^^ 


• 


i 


<  ♦ 


i^ 


I 


996 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


Bat  what  easily  comes,  easily  goes,  the  proverb  saya 

bishoo's  m  ZT'  '"^  '^"^  ''*^"^*"  ^^^-^  «i^^  the 
bishops  ill-gotten  gains.  The  magnifloent  church  the 
achool,  the  cannery,  the  factonr  bSildings,  4e  mt^Sa 

these  poor  people,  went  up  in  smoke,  carryinir  with  it  th« 
bjshop's  private  possessions,  his  b;,ks,  ^^i^^^^ 
scripts-in  fact,  all  that  he  owned. 

Indeed,  Mr.  Duncan  could  say : 

"Vengeance  is  Mine,  saith  the  Lord  " 

churr  ^\'^l  *?f  ^'^'^  ^"^  ^°  19«3,  built  a  small 
church.    It  has  built  "The  Eidley  Home?"  a  boardi^ 

Everything  has  been  done  by  the  Provincial  Go^Pm 
ment  to  foster  old  MeUakahUa,  and  keTp  tSe ^y^  S 
Bion  there  going.     A  school  for  boys,  and  a  Si  for 
^rH  have  been  built,  and  oper^tj^y^^^^^l^^^ 

S'ihST"  m '^"  *'«  Government,' but  i 
J»ems  that  the  end  of  this  artificial  hothouse  gideninir 
has  now  come.    The  Government  did,  in  IftM  ^hh 
itssupport,  andbothof  theschoolI^^rwdt^tT  m 
furmture  was  sold  at  auction  in  the  summer  of  Sat  y^ 
The  new  day-school  building  erected  bvtheOovI^' 

less,  as  there  are  school  buildings  enough  and  to  spare 
SJ^hS^^V^P"^*"""'  ^*^^«^'  accordifgt^^eflS^ 

time  paid  the  Methodia  J3X  "'^'  "  '*  ^  *"• 

*  The  upper  hall  of  this  building  is  now  naed  everv  S.h.«i.      .  u. 

for  •  publio  danoe,  where  the  white  m^n^^^Tjl^J^* 

ow  to  danoe  with  the  Indian  maiden.  I  ^^  *"*^  ~"* 


THE  NEW  HOME  297 

Of  the  many  assistants  of  Bishop  Ridlev  th«rA  ««„ 

woU,  and  Miss  Mw!l,t        "  '"'°  Mhoolmaster,  as 
Home."  '  *'  PHKoipal  of  the  "Bidley 


.1 


n 


XXXV 

THE  PIONEERS 

AT  New  Metlakahtia   the  nionepn.  fn^r,^ 
enough  before  them.    tL  denT  nriZ    ,  7^ 
extended  down  to  the^h      t?  'J^^'*^ 

all  the  way  from  oue  to  six  fe!t  iTSL  T      ^'*"*  ^"^ 

moved,  the  land  cleared  »nH  h  ^'  ^®  ^^^Pa  re- 

the  pennunenTa,^':^;rt  t?rte^^^^^^^^      *"'r 
They  all  went  at  it  with  a  will  ~"^'*  *^  "^«- 

S  o7d    S  .    ^^^'  *''*  •^"'^  evidence  of  it  now3 

an  old  totem-pole,  which  has  since  been  paJL^    ^ 

now  is  found  in  the  museum  at  Si?kt  ^°'^'^'  "°^ 

try,  wUeh  had  «eelv<.i  them*  kMy.         " ""' ""'• 

298 


THE  PIONEERS 


S9« 

It  was  a  sight  worth  witnessinif.  when    in  *i..  *  •  . 
glimmer  of  the  oil  lamn«  011^.'  '  *"  "®  *«'°t 

and  old,  at  the  Ll^Lt  o^?l!^L,  "^T^^^y  °'«°'  y°""S 

n^Z  Preceding  was  not  authorized  by  law  bnf  Tvr. 
Duncan  knew  that  it  would,  as  far^  tZ  t  I  ^'• 
concerned,  have  inst  fh^ T       J  ""*  ^*»<i'an8  were 

proceeding  He'^n^  ^^1^1"'  ^^  "  »^°  "^  ^*«^ 
ties  Of  allUc:  to  dew  ^^^^       ^  ^^^  ^^^  ^^ 

J':  Tthf  n^ltr  .'^  ^  -^  -»opt  a  consU. 
the  village  hX'^^^'^^y'  which  every  resident  of 

eonside:^.ha:?ng"aTrSr,;.^^°"^  '^  ^"^^  ^ 

w«  l^low^ngf  •  '*'"""'«  ^^""  -  «-t  <ii«ction 

Declaration  op  Residents 

to  ouI\S\„Ti2:^tStt'  ^'"^  •"  -'^^ »°  -cure 
do  severally  subscruTto  he  fnnn*^'"^',"^  *  ^''"^'an  hom" 
of  our  conduct  aS  towS^affalw    °'''°^  "'**'  ^°'  '^^  ««"'«ion 

n«liar,;t:SS  wS  '^t^T'  'f  ^°  "^'^'°  ^^^  -"  un- 
to take  the  Bible  f^our^  e'of tftA  /°  ^^^^^^ivine  worship  j 
tians  as  our  brethren;  andtob^Ll»S.A  k  ''*"'*  *"  ^^"^  Chris- 

"a.     To  be  faithf^aid  loS  tol^r"*•'"'^•"^"^^■°"^^ 
of  the  United  States.  ^        *''*  Government  and  laws 

of2  tS;  CoS^SriT'Jn" '^V  r°  '^'  '"^^  -Section 
orders  imposed  by"thi's:Sd^c°uEr^''^  ""^^  ''^'^  "^"'"-^  «d 

the^at  sch^o^r  JefulXt  STb.f  ""^  ^^"^-'  -<^  ^-p 

and  neveJ  to  ffl^t^lTe/'^^^^      '"*°"""*^  *»«*  gambling, 
cu«om.  in  8urro3i!^imi«  °'  *=°"°*««^*=«  '^"thw 


«»  THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 

'"'''^  ''^Jf oni'e rr"  •"  '^''^y  '«8"'«'0'»  "^ce-^y 

inemj  and  ?o'uS^h°e"?a«rwr'hSlc}''*  ^™«'*^  ^'^  '^"^  ««"'«- 

ing-lois.  or'rnV^«ron''rheS'r'^'  *""  ""  °"  '«"d.  or  build- 
have  not  subscX  to"  h^T„5;J,';.*°y  P««o«  or  persons  who 

and  iSSs."s j;rr  r"?  ^^^^"^  -  --<^ed, 

After  the  g^uud  Juf  tT"'?^"  P'^"'  *^«^«- 
Village  was  sS^r;^  ^d^;  ''*^'f  «»d  drained,  the 
^^^^  urveyea,  and  a  pJau  made  of  the  blocks  and 

^fZi'Z  "^^  "^"^^^"^  -^o-n  Of  Mr.  Duncan 

coZuZl  "'  '"""^^  ""^  ^  ^^^'  -'  «'  the  new 

.^vehon^XirLr:^^^^^^  that  eve^ 

for  .  Popal«i?atl,^tr^j?^ff  r^*"""'"'*"^ 
or  boat.  "'™  »'«°">»u  of  Its  life  in  tlie  canoe 

not  give  sItisfSn  r::?  f '  ^""^  ^^^t  it  would 
nighUeevoiv^rnV).  '  ^'°^'°«  ^*  °^«'  ^^-^^g  the 
be  8ucc4fur^     ^"^  "'"^*'  '^^"^  h«  f«»t  sui^  would 

am  not  goine  to  h«f      '^?''*  ^*^®  to  be  annulled.     "I 
Mr    ^      „  Haia.       ifow  I  have  thought  out 


THE  PIONEEBS 


301 


thiB  plan :  The  oldest  brother  in  each  fiunily  chooses  his 
lot  first,  then  the  second,  the  third,  and  the  fourth. 
Then,  if  there  are  more,  the  same  proceeding  is  resorted 
to  in  the  block  back  of  the  front  block,  etc  If  you  do 
not  then  get  what  you  want,  don't  blame  me.  But  blame 
yourselves  for  not  having  come  into  the  world  any  sooner 
than  you  did." 

The  humour  of  this  parting  shot  took  hold  of  the  In- 
dian mind,  and  the  plan  worked  satisfiMstorily.' 

The  Bev.  B.  Tomlinson,  Mr.  Duncan's  faithful  coworker 
at  old  Metlakahtla  for  the  past  five  yeai-s,  came  over  to 
the  new  place  for  a  few  weeks,  but,  as  he  could  not  findany 
conveniences  for  his  large  family,  he  left  them  behind  in 
Mr.  Duncan's  house  at  the  former  home.    After  consulta- 
tion, they  came  to  the  agreement  that  Mr.  Duncan,  as  he 
now  would  not  be  called  away  from  the  setUement  to 
fight  the  battles  of  the  natives  against  the  bishop's  con- 
tinuous and  sinister  attacks,  could  perhaps  get  along 
alone.    And,  as  Mr.  Tomlinson  was  anxious  to  take  up 
again,  at  the  first  opportunity,  his  work  among  the  upper 
Skeena  River  Tsimsheans,  the  Jonathan  and  David  of  the 
Coast  had  an  affectionate  parting,  and  Mr.  Tomlinson 
thereafter  located  at  Meanskinisht  (the  foot  of  the  pitch 
pines),  where  he  ever  since  has  continued  to  carry  on  a 
blessed  work  on  his  own  account,  without  the  support  of 
any  mission  society.    The  fruits  of  this  work  will  per- 
haps  never  be  ftiUy  known,  until  that  great  day,  when 
our  accounts  up  yonder  are  finally  dosed.* 

•  In  thia  oonneotioD  it  ahonld  be  borne  in  mind  that  with  tin 
Trimsheana,  as  with  the  Coast  Indians  genenill.y,  .  man's  oomdns  an 
called  hia  brothen  and  sisters,  and  treated  js  snoh. 

'In  the  winter  of  1908-9,  Mr.  Tomlinson,  aooompanied  by  his 
estimable  wife,  at  the  ai«ent  request  of  Mr.  Dnnean,  again  oame  u> 
Metlakahtla  to  assist  him  in  his  work.  It  goes  without  saying  tha* 
the  Metlakafatlans  gave  them  a  most  hearty  welcome. 


309 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


I 


.','   i 


tlM  land  of  ftwdom,  and  for  more  than  Ive  Toai.T«»„i. 

«..  hand.  0,  l»th  ChiSt^^ -.""bSS,"'"^  •» 
«nd  bytheirbeingdeuriMdofS!^'       .2^-*°"*'"' 

;L".o'?ra:^r<}££r"^-'^ 

to  thi.?h2-wTf  ^  -y""^  Wart,  were  by  Qodf 
at  his  own  exneii*,  ^nw/u  I      f^*^*^^^"^"'  '^H 

^.  on  fia.'rr:?ri.t^.'rd"i" 
.v«  .12,000,  a,  the^  ^iir.::r"'""°*  *  "•  °' 

American  of  him     'S^Sn^h  \  *   °°*^  """^  *^  "^'^^  »»» 
encceededm  getting  extra  time  aUowed  him.    In 


'/I 


■i  i 


If  I 


THE  PIONEERS  80S 

Urn  than  three  month*  from  the  date  of  the  flw,  anew 
mill  of  greater  capacity  was  running  at  ftUl  WML^^7 

t\'^/""^'^"«  May,  friend.  In^ JS.  JS  "n 
trlbuted,  anent  thU  loes,  the   «mi  of  W  So^  ^n. 
covering  about  half  of  Te  actoalTtafortS.      *^  "*"• 

beS  dtliSTr  "•"  ^'^^-^  ^***»  ^^bnted  had 
,        ^^^^  *o  "»e  Pewons  entiUed  to  them,  bv  the  vn 
loge  council,  on  payment  of  a  three  doUw  feS^  whii  I^ 
covered  into  the  treasury.  ^    *****  ^"^ 

The  lots  were  being  cleared,  fences  built,  berry  and 

bum'of'S!^  were  mostly  square,  two-storey  buildings, 

In  Maroh,  1891,  Mr.  Duncan  could  report  thaf  nin-f, 
one  substantial  new  dweUings  had  Si^^     xt 

;n7tX'''^"«'  ""  ""^  '^  t«X  is^elJun^^ 

^ed  their  old  homes  and  built  new  houses.    Most  of 
them,  however,  have  been  concerned,  as  fT^  S^lm 

CirHi^'  "'**;  ^"^'^  «o«,iu"fr^irpS:^^g 

t^elr  I'r  ^^  ""^  ^""'"«  *°  ^"  P^^^'^^t  fenWtrou;! 

two  rjrn^?'*  ^IT  ^°"*  °^  ^»*«  y^  the  square, 
two-storey-building  style  seems  to  be  the  one  pred7iZ?. 

fl^L,^''*  *  ^''''  °^*^«  °»°^-«  "cently  buUt  hom«  3? 

"  s^le  and  arrangement^  do  honour  to  any^^I^t 

England  village  of  its  size?  ^    *"*  ^^''^ 

Among   them   may  be   mentioned   Tom   Banbury's 


/[ 


«>*  THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 

houae,  bailt  in  1902,  painted  dmrk  ffr«en  with  «l.i«. 
trimming.;  AI«.  Oathrie'.  bnug^ST^ni^t  ^ 
Panted  pink,   with  wWte   trimmlnga, '  iu.d   d^k^ 

Jjrk  grwn  .hingled  roof.    The  monument  in  froLt  of 
hi.  hoQM  wa.  placed  there  in  hononr  of  hi.  dM«ui^ 

ST  He  :t  :';J","°t:  *'°"«^*^'  '«*<»  *o  ^  -t  tht 
I"»oe.    He  was  buried  in  the  oemeteiy. 


M/i 


XXXVI 


A  DAY  AT  METLAKAHTLA 


AMONG  the  induHtrie.  Parted  at  New  Metlakahtia 
w«  a  printing  ertabliahment    One  of  the  na 
a„H  «^  I    *  ""^  '®°'  to  Portland  to  learn  tyneiettlnl 

On  this  press,  was,  within  a  year  aftor  th^  m^* 
CUarch  Maoud,"  a>  Uw  UUe  page  Mile.  IL  Jn.,L 

»ven  p.p,„,  ne  Jlf.«*rt/K^Cto  L  a',^""^, 

therwUl^r  1  ?    '  "^"""'^  "'  "■■•  "»»«"■.  that 

305 


806 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  at.asita 


this  paper,  entitled  "A  Day  at  MetlakahUa,"  both  be- 
oaoae  it,  in  itself,  is  rich  in  interesting  news  from  the  new 
settlement  at  this  early  date,  and  also  because  it  gives  a 
veritable  penpictnre  of  what  was  lequired  of  this  won- 
derfal  man,  from  day  to  day,  while  he  was  superintend- 
Ing  and  assisting  in  building  up  a  new  home  for  his 
people,  as  weU  as  of  his  unlimited  capacity  for  aU  kinds 
of  work. 

The  article  reads  as  follows : 

"  Nov.  13,  i888.—The  weather  this  morning,  like  yesterday, 
M  fair,  bright,  and  frosty;  such  a  delightful  change  from  the 
dreary  and  soaking  wet  weather  we  have  had  for  the  last  two 
months. 

*!. '  i^*^"^  twenty-two  men  employed,  I  begin  the  duties  of 
the  day  by  going  to  look  after  them.  I  found  waterproof  coats 
was  doffed,  Mid  everybody  ouuide  seemed  brisk  and  busy. 
Mtore  I  had  finished  my  inspection  I  was  summoned  to  break- 
ftst;  but  I  told  the  cook  to  ask  Dr.  Bluett  not  to  wait  for  me. 
Having  finished  my  work  outside,  I  took  a  hasty  meal. 
.V  '17^'*°'  **  "^•'ool  be"  rang,  and  quickly  one  hundred  and 
thirty-two  children,  all  with  happy  faces,  took  their  places  in 
school.  .  .  .  We  commenced  school  as  usual  by  sineinff 
a  verse  of  the  good  old  hymn,  'Guide  me,  O  Thou  neat 
Jehovah.  Prayer  followed,  and  then  the  Scripture  lesson  :— 
P„n'"^*  this  morning  being  the  meeting  of  Jacob  and 
iL_  u  *^'"'°'*n  then  marched  to  their  classes,  seven  in 
number,  the  sexes  being  divided,  with  the  exception  of  the 
first  clan.  I  have  three  native  assistants,  and  we  go  to  work 
at  what  is  caUed  the  three  R's,  and  soon  the  usual  hum  of 
school  sets  in. 

"  We  teach  the  children  to  read  and  write  in  English,  but  I 
»m  sorry  to  say  the  lessons  furnished  in  the  primary  reading 
books  are  generally  very  unsuitable  for  Indian  children,  having 


A  DAY  AT  METLAKAHTLA  807 

^^Z^"Sl^M^tX  *=''"dr -««  ^ked  to  Write  on 
nothing.'   '"J'*'°**'    W'>«  people  let  foil  the  truth  they  find 

teni'pT^JrusiSg  ^"s^Ct.'^t^yri''''  building  we  are 
candUeclo?kTcuD?ed1i  h^^:,i^,L'*^i,.^'°f  A'^"**  *'»»»  W» 
keep  the  flamrst^v     I  th!^f  ^  ^  °"'?'^  '°  ""'^  curtains  to 

^«  for  fh^?S       •.  ^''^  '^y'  f  "«•'  to  secure  their  womS 

work  to  fell  a  hi«  wTnte^v '^  °"  ™usician»_8eSng  to 

to  the  difficulty  f^t^e'undSSS^^  ^Je  trX'j'^.T'"' 
about  twenty-four  feet  from  tK- »^*    i       ?**  '^^  to  be  cut 

certain  direction,  to  avoScSshff??^  If'*  ""^"  '°-^*'* '"  * 
men  performed  heir  wwk  ^A^ilI^^  ^^""^  "^  '*•  The 
their  Mccess  That  thevn2l!5  o  "/•  »°d  were  so  elated  with 
with  fourlmjUl  Am2r^^  ?  *  PoIe  on  the  top  of  the  stump 
four  feet  of  Zik  I^^^a^S-  ^  "?*='*«*  *°  '*'     The  twenty- 

the  worf  tolTdre  iroui^  T  T™  »^'"'  »°  ^»''°ver 

lately  compIeSi'aToSer  Jo/oTe^/r^^^e.  Smri,"'" 
cannery  about  thirty  miw  ««•      ah  .u        ^  """°  *  salmon 

ing.  Jd  ste^cilUn^th^^c^  waS  doneTv  tf  "T>«^'  P'",' 
done  so  satisfactorilv  fhlrtiT'  ^  ."*  ^^  *e  natives;  and 
U  nearly  douSSj.  ""^  °'**"  «'^*°  "»  «"'  another'year 


808 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


"  I  then  stepped  into  a  sash  and  furniture  workshop,  lately 
erected  by  two  native  artisans  on  their  own  account.  They 
have  managed  to  bring  into  their  service  a  small  stream,  to 
turn  the  wheel  by  which  their  lathe  is  worked.  The  men  were 
busy  executing  an  order  from  a  neighbouring  Indian  tribe  for  a 
grave  fence.  I  noticed,  too,  that  they  had  finished  a  nice-look- 
ing bedstead  of  yellow  cypress,  which,  I  learn,  forms  part  of  an 
order  from  Portland,  Oregon. 

"  My  business  with  them  was  to  tender  the  work  of  making  me 
some  large  windows  and  doors  for  the  new  school  we  are  erect- 
ing,—if  we  can  agree  upon  the  terms.  I  left  them  to  think 
over  the  prices,  and  let  me  know  them  to-night. 

"  I  next  walked  to  the  site  on  which  we  are  erecting  our  per- 
manent school,  and  gave  some  directions  to  the  workmen. 

•'  In  the  evening,  several  of  the  men  came  to  receive  their 
wages,  and  others  to  pay  their  accounts  for  lumber  obtained  at 
the  mill. 

"  After  supper,  one  of  our  people  came  to  see  me  privately, 
about  a  family  quarrel  which  he  wished  me  to  help  him  to  settle. 
While,  however,  he  was  telling  his  story,  another  man  walked 
in,  to  press  his  complaint  against  a  man  of  a  distant  tribe,  a 
Haida,  who,  with  his  party,  happened  to  be  here  for  the  pur- 
pose of  trade,  and  staying  in  the  village  guest-house. 

"  As  it  was  supposed  the  accused  man  would  be  leaving  our  vil- 
lage early  the  next  morning,  I  concluded  to  settle  his  case  first. 
Accordingly,  I  sent  for  the  native  constable — who  holds  a  com- 
mission from  the  Government, — and  directed  him  to  go  and  tell 
the  stranger  I  wanted  to  see  him ;  and  that  he  might  bring  his 
friends  with  him. 

'<  As  the  Haida  and  Tsimshean  languages  are  totally  un- 
like, I  also  sent  for  one  of  our  people  who  knows  them  both,  to 
act  as  interpreter.  In  the  meantime,  several  persons  dropped 
in  to  listen ;  and  as  soon  as  the  Haida  and  his  friends  arrived, 
we  opened  the  case. 

"  The  affair  was  this :— The  complainant,  and  the  accused, 
had  met  while  hunting  bears  on  Prince  of  Wales  Island.  The 
former  greeted  the  latter  courteously,  but  hu  civility  was  not 
reciprocated.  The  Haida,  both  by  looks  and  words,  and  sUU 
more  particularly  by  suspiciously  manipulating  his  gun,  showed 
signs  of  anger.  The  complainant  sUted  that  he  kept  his 
temper,  otherwise,  he  felt  sure,  violence  would  have  ensued. 
In  defence,  the  accused  said,  that  the  complainant,  not  know- 


\t\ 


A  DAY  AT  METLAKAHTLA  809 

Sd^?o^/.T     1  •**'•'  ^u^'J"  *°''^''  ''''  »*d  were  not  ad- 
dressed  to  the  complainant,  but  to  the  Haida  in  comoanv  with 

^'"''If,°^•?'^°'•  'he  way  he  carried  his  gun  ItKL  " 
plained  by  the  fact  that  he  was  hunting  b«arf 

-As  no  act  of  violence  had  been  committed,  or  threatenine 
anguage  used,  it  remained  for  me  only  to  cautiorandTnstrucf 
the  accused  man,  which  I  did  very  fully.     I  wiSad  ?o  S 

L^L7  .T?'  r'  ^^"  "^''•^«»-     He  IJiiankXitiid  S 
i^Zn  S  'l^'"  ^^'^  *°''^^'  *"d  know  the  Jaw,  an?on  h^ 

learned.    The  complainant  and  the  accused  then  shook  hand, 
and  went  away  with  the  greater  part  of  the  audience 
.iv.„??K°"?     M  ^'^  '^maining,  were  the  man  who  came  in  first 
S?al«t£rma'n7;SH''''?^.*  Haida.-(not  from  tSe  saS 

woman  from  »h.  Hv    *""  sa'd  that  he  had  chosen  a  young 
3n^fn      ?  J***  ^''''??"  P~P'«  fo""  a  wife,  and  both  the  Jounf 
woman  and  her  guardian  had  favoured  his  suit.     The  enS 
nient  being  made,  he  went  over  to  her  trih*  anH  VIa  -i     j 
given  a  month's  labour  to  herVelatro.i"fo;  tJeir' g^^^f 

I  shall  know  what  to  advise  in  the  case.     There  are  I  am  ™ 

-w^k!    M»l<5r!jTr  '"f"' •'"■«"»>«  .he  mom,.', 

the  welcome  •  oSZ  ted^ld  .&'"  '°"°'""*  '■!  "■•  "'"l!* 
j^^^^„°"   «  "o  oed,  and  tbea  came  my  quiet  houici 


t'^t' 


[l  I  < 


XXXVII 

LEAVES  FROM  MR.  DUNCAN'S  DIARY 

BEFORE  proceeding  with  a  8hort  aooouut  of  the 
history  of  the  village,  in  the  way  of  industrial  and 
oiher  development,  I  will  invite  the  reader  to  par- 
take of  a  little  treat  from  Mr.  Duncan's  diary,  from  which 
I  have  alr«iady,  during  the  earlier  phases  of  the  history 
of  the  mission,  drawn  quite  liberally. 

This  diary  vus  faithfully  kept  up  by  Mr.  Duncan  from 
the  day  he  left  England  until  within  a  few  years  ago. 

It  is  not  to  be  understood,  however,  that  he  made 
entries  in  his  diary  from  day  to  day.  But,  now  and  then, 
as  something  out  of  the  ordinary  happened,  he  chronidod 
the  occurrence,  more  in  the  nature  of  a  complete  sketch, 
than  by  attempting  to  give  its  gradual  development  each 
day. 

I  am  particularly  inclined  to  reproduce  these  extracts 
from  his  diary,  because  they  will  give  the  reader  an  idea 
of  the  celebration  of  Christmas  and  New  Year's  Day 
among  these  people  every  year.  Also,  because  th^  con- 
tain brief  mention  of  some  of  the  last  law  cases  with 
which  Mr.  Duncan  was  burdened. 

In  a  few  years,  white  settlements  were  started  near  by, 
and  he  then  cheerfully  limited  his  magisterial  duties  to  his 
own  people. 

Although  Mr.  Duncan  ever  since  has  been,  and  still 
is,  a  United  States  Commissioner,  with  all  the  powers 
and  duties  of  a  magistrate,  so  peacefully  inclined  are 
these  people,  and  so  little  crime  is  committed  by  or 

810 


i/'i 


LEAVES  FKOM  MR.  DUNCAN'S  DIARY    811 

among  them,  at  least  when  at  home,  that  for  years  this 
office  of  Mr.  Duncan's  has  been  the  merest  sinecure.  In 
fact,  his  only  duty  has  consisted  in  making  out  his  annual 
report  to  this  effect : 

"  Number  of  cases  tried  t    None." 

"  Amount  of  fees  and  fines  collected  f    None." 

"  Amount  of  disbursements  f    None." 

I  cull  the  following  entries  from  his  diary,  with  such 
parts  omitted,  which  I  do  not  think  of  particular  interest 
at  the  present  time  : 

'^December  i8,  7*W._Rarely  a  day  passes  that  I  have  not 
some  gnevances  to  settle,  but  one  brou^htbefore  me  to-day 
was  of  more  than  ordmary  interest,  reminding  me  of  my  early 
days  among  the  Tsimsheans  in  British  Columbia.  ^ 

«'  A  native,  named  Ainuetka,  from  the  village  of  Lachshaila 
abou  thirty  miles  off.  came  here  a  few  days  \o  to  Uy  a  im- 
plaint  against  one  Skigahn  of  the  same  village.  He  was  aT 
companied  by  a  brother,  to  act  as  his  spokesman,  and  his 
gloomy  and  morose  looks  indicated  that  his  trouble  wi  of  f 
senous  nature  1  then  listened  to  a  long  and  S  story 
which  convinced  me  that  the  complainantlnd  the  reused  wS 

^^IZ^X^  *'''''°  °^^"  *°  P^'^^^"'  them  frS,  s^JSI 
I  ttrSn-  "f"**'  °°  *""''  ^^  *°  '^  '°^* '"  '««>>''g  their  quarrel 
thi  /^  !l**  °°"  "??'*  *  '"^"^  t°  Skigahn  to  inform  him 
me  a„H"2»f  r  ^^Metlakahtla  waiting  %  meet  him  tefor" 
SScemlfcer  •fl*°"'*^..""^'""''«  *°  «"'«  their  differences  as 
K"?        ^  •*  *°"'?  *=°™*  here  without  delay ;  but,  if  he 

waSt  KrS'  '  ^'°"''^  ^  ^^'■^•^  *°  -^  --  -'»»  • 

"I  well  knew  that  neither  Skigahn  nor  any  of  his  oeonU 

could  read  the  letter  I  sent,  but  it  Lved  as  a  L'Ll  to  the^ba! 

woS  I  «fficacy  of  my  plan,  assuring  me  that  Skigahn 
S  f^en^T  '°  ^etlakahtla  unless  I  ^nt  a  force  toffi 
mm.  tvents  have  shown,  however,  that  their  forebodinirs 
0^7  tSv'"^, '""'.  7°^*>^  Skigahn 'arrived.  hTviig^S 
unH  ^  '?''*'  °^  '^ang^rous  sea  in  his  canoe,  wUh  his  aged 
uncle  and  other  members  of  his  family.  ^ 

"To-night  a  large  gathering  of  our  people  assembled  to 


812 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


bsten  to  the  cue  Skigahn-a  bold  and  stem-looking  mao, 
took  h  s  seat,  with  a  defiant  stare  at  his  accuser,  Ainuetka,  and 
the  latter  at  once  began  to  relate  a  series  of  attacks  made  upon 
his  person  and  property.     I  took  notes.  *^ 

••  Skigahn  sat  silent  and  stolid  m  his  turn  came  to  make  his 
counter-charges  against  Ainuetka. 

"  Finally,  it  appeared,  that  the  offences  each  had  committed 
Xe  un5L°;h"T"  »^""?r«='"y  b»'«»ced.  and  each  La^ 
of  the  o"her.  *""         *^"*"''  ""^"P'^d  to  take  the  Ufe 

«HHrI?*  *=*^f  8*^<:  ™«  a™Ple  scope  and  illustration  for  a  serious 
J?„i  !1.r°  J^^^'^'y  «f  ^  "nful  and  lawless  life,  and  opi»r! 
TclS  ?f  'k^  »«  contrast  the  blessings  which  the  G^l 
of  Christ,  if  embraced,  would  ensure  them! 

onH  «!,;  k"^  '''*'!f*'^'  *  *°'*'""  '^«°«  ensued.  Both  Ainuetka 
S  a  .nr^"f".^  "''•  "•*  "^h.placed  his  hand  on  the  Bible! 
as  a  token  of  then-  sincere  desire  to  forgive  and  forget  the 

TnTS^i't"  T-  u^i^  ^°"''  they  approached  each  other! 
and  shook  hands,  which  act  evoked  miny  expressions  of  iov 
from  the  audience.     Thus  a  deadly  feud  was  hiaS  j  ^^ 

f«,  »K  1  !"*''  ,"**!""  ^''''^'''  **''^^  *e  ''ave  been  expecting 
for  the  last  twelve  days,  arrived  this  morning,  bringing  us  some 
freight  from  Portland.  As  our  supply  of  flour  imd  groceries 
was  almost  exhausted,  and  Christmas  was  very  n«ir.— the 
arrival  of  the  steamer  caused  great  rejoicing  in  the  village,  and 
especially  among  the  children.  Her  delay,  we  were  ^ny  to 
learn,  was  due  to  some  crippling  injuries  she  had  sustained  in  a 
gale  of  wind  on  her  last  downward  trip 

Jn^i^r  'IfT  '^•"?  J^i?"*^  ^°'  Sitka,  the  seat  of  govem- 
w  iil^t?*'  ''*'  i'*.'^'  '  "«"*  *o  ^y'  fiv«  passengers  for 
her,— two  white  men,  being  prisoners,  and  three  natives  acting 
as  guards.  The  two  men  were  arrested  on  their  way  North  by 
2a1'u7[  ^""^  weeks  ago,  for  smuggling  intoxicating  'iquors, 
and  I  had  to  commit  them  for  trial  at  Sitka.  The  greater  por- 
tion-some 240  gallons-of  their  liquor  fell  into  our  hai^s, 

whlt7o"di"iilh  i°"  *'""*^^  *'"  ''^  '"*•''*  °'*^^"  ^'°™  S'""» 

Jr.^J^^'  ftf'^*"'  ?^'  <***— Our  unusually  large  attend- 
hl  th?,?H  v'^''  *^r"«  *•'''.  '''"*"  *^»  '^^  augmented  to-day 
Si  iri  °"  °^  some  sixty  or  seventy  strangers,  who  arrived 
here  yesterday  o  spend  Christmas  with  us.  Though  theycame 
wuhout  bang  invited,  they  were  heartUy  welcomS.  S  hS^ 


LEAVES  FROM  ME.  DUNCAN'S  DIARY    313 

very  different  to  the  language  of  the  Metfaffins  ^*°* 

'Monday,  January  7,  /Wj?.— Christmas  and  New  Year  » 
always  a  joyous  season  with  the  people  of  MetlakahSI  -nrf^h! 
ast  one  has  proved  to  be  no  eSJtion  t^  the  rule    'm^^^^ 
«ill  living  m  temporary  shanties,  built  among  stumM  and  ffi 
U^^^^both  standing  and  fallen,  yet  the  peogetT Sithy  3 

thJ  «^"*  ^^^  ^^^  ^^°^^  Christmas  the  usual  avocations  of 
indfhr*^.""  '"«P«°d«J.-smiling  faces  greet  you  e^rJS 
and  U^e  village  storekeepers  are  overwhelmed  with  busK     ' 

inJ  M^Vn""''  "L*"*"  ''°'**  ""''"g'  fo'  the  purpoi  of  !S*tor. 
qulitfle^'""'  "*^  "'=°°""°«  *°  ***=•»  °»*»"  P«^  whit?; 

huith^h^i"'^"^'u''^^^"^  '    a  noticeable  stillness  outside, 
but  the  houses  are  illuminated,     x'he  waits  are  rehearsing  theii 

f^mlrj^l'  ?  ^  schoolroom,  and   I  L7e T^SfatSSs 
h?«.  t    f  *"*i'  ""J  ''!*  ''"'age.-council,  elders,  consSblei^ 

S  SmL" 'i'-^^°  ^^  d^i  n^i'a^S^sSStirpr;^^^ 
some  Christmas  decorations,  are  busy  arranirine  them  iiTn!^ 

£rhrv^it"of\hir^v"y  ''''  '"^  •'°""  of'chCtras  mo?;! 
siLnir  hv™^.  i  ^  °^  """^  y°'"'8  "nen  are  heard  outside. 
KiSish^     '  °^  P""*'  ~'°*  •'^  ^''^^  *"»  ^"g-e.  andS 

rrol?^  ?**"!•"*"  morning,  at  u  o'clock,  our  church  was 

n?mo^.''  P*"""'  «*^  ''•"  *°  "«"•  Nations  shall  lea^JS 
sonaTi' T^-^^^'i^*  '^^  commenced  by  chanting  our  Christmas 
»ne  anthem,    God  is  the  refuge  of  His  neoDle  '     Th#  miUn 

irpS>iron"l,re''^"°''  ^^^^^^^  sui^^j-conS^uS' "; 

our  people  on  one  occasion.     The  monev  will  he  namwH  ^Xi 

buUding  fund  for  the  proposed  newTurJh       ^^"^'^  '^^ 

iht  afternoon  was  occupied  with  the  children.-happy 


814 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


fcmily,  indeed  I  190  of  whom  received  tow— while  but  five 
were  sent  empty  away  for  misconduct. 

"  The  last  night  in  the  year  was  dark  and  stormy ;  neverthe. 
less,  the  attendance  at  our  midnight  meeting  was  very  large. 
The  order  of  the  service  was  as  follows :  Hymn  in  Tsimsh4n 
on  the  departure  of  another  year;  prayer;  address  on  Peter's 

5""  ^^^T^'  ?""*  P"y"  fro™  "=55  to  za:o5  ;  singing 

the  prodigal's  resolve,  and  a  hymn  on  the  opening  y^ 

address  on    St.   Paul's  cry  for  guidance;  anthem,    « Safeli 

through  another  year; '  the  service  being  closed  with  prayci 

by  two  of  the  elders.  i*   /« 

"The  1st  of  January  was  a  memorable  day  at  Metlakahtla. 

in  the  mornmg,  all  the  men  assembled  to  witness  the  admit- 

tmce  of  fifteen  new  members  to  our  male  community,  ten  of 

whom  were  from  four  native  villages  near  by,  and  five  were 

isimsheans.    The  newcomers 'were  placed  in  the  centre  of  the 

building,  and,  after  my  address,  each  approached  the  table. 

and  placed  his  left  hand  on  the  Bible,  and  raised  his  right,  iil 

S  i!I?  of/lj*  "ncerity  of  his  act.     He  then  subscribed  his  name 

to  t>e  a  faithful  member  of  our  community,  obedient  to  the  law 

and  loyal  to  the  Government  of  the  United  States 

"In  the  evening  all  the  men  again  assembled,  this  time  for 
tea,  talk,  and  music  The  strangers  were  invited,  and  their 
table  was  placed  in  the  centre  of  the  building.  Our  feast  con- 
sisted of  biscuits,  tea,  apples,  and  raisins.  The  brass  band 
played  at  intervals,  and  sixteen  stirring  speeches  were  made. 

H«!I!r^i»!?  "f'  "^^  "."«  '*»*  doxology,  and  the  meeting 
Closed.  Before  leaving,  the  council  and  elders  tendered  their 
badges  of  office,  as  the  new  elections  for  these  offices  will  take 
place  this  week.  ^^ 

"/anuary  18,  iSSp.-Sad  news.  A  canoe  manned  by  na- 
tives arrived  from  Tongas  late  last  night,  bringing  the  corpse 
of  a  murdered  man,  and  the  murderer  ;_both  white  men! 
Ihis  morning  I  held  an  inquest,  and  took  the  depositions  of 
witnesses.  The  six  jurors  were  MetUkahtlans,  and,  on  their 
verdict,  I  committed  the  accused  for  trial.  He  will  leave  here 
under  native  guard  in  a  few  days. 

fi«!l^?k°"f*''°*ir"3"*l','  P«^'"«J'  "  "sual,  at  Port  Simpson, 
Zf  J»t-  "^"^  the  Hudson'.  Bay  Company,  was  at  the  bot- 
tom of  this  sad  tragedy." 


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XXXVIII 

eOME  METLAKAHTLA  HISTORY 

ONE  of  the  fliut  public  buildings  erected  in  Metl*. 
kahtla,  Alaska,  was  the  village  store.  It  is  op- 
crated  by  Mr.  Duncan,  aud  carries  a  stock  of 

fS^  "'r'^"'**'*'  °^  *^*  »^««8«  ^aJ°e  o'  about 
f20,000.  The  goods  are  sold  to  the  natives  at  a  small  ad- 
vance over  the  cost  price.  Not  faraway  from  the  store 
to  Mr.  Duncan's  private  dwelling  and  office. 

In  the  front  part  of  this  building  is  his  office.    rSee 
iUustration  of"  Duncan  in  his  den.»)    On  one  side  of  this 

^r^    I  ^^"^  *°^  °°  *^  °*^«^'  »  Storeroom  for 
^r^r^  ^J^ ''f  ^^    Intherearisadinini' 
room,  high  ceUed  as  his  office,  and  both  heated  only  wii 
iirepLiow.    A<«oining  the  dining-room  are  thref  bed 
rooms  and  the  kitchen.    In  thi!  lowly  d^JZ,  ^' 

better  quartern  have  for  yeare  been  near  at  h3  bZ 
remain  unoccupied,  except  for  occasional  vilJT  ' 

During  the  first  two  years  in  Metlakahtla,  Alaska, 
there  was  no  regular  house  of  worship.  mteC^ 
joboolroom  was  too  small,  so,  at  fiiB^'^the  serSTi^ 
held  on  the  beach  and  the  rocks,  and,  lat«r  0^^  Zd 
built  for  industrial  purposes.  '  «d,  m  a  sued 

buuSh.rw$?h  ^  ^\f  ^P"^'  '^^'  aqueer-looking 
building  wiUi  twelve  gables,  intended  originally  for  the 
public  school,  was  finished,  and  here  divine  servfciw^ 
hew  until  the  large,  fine  chureh  was  compleS!^ 
Of  hite,  this  building,  which  is  heated  with  hot  water 

81ft  ' 


816 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


*r 


.b«Hr«i  to  uh,  ".dn«a.^'l„udtP«^*r;:r 

•obool  for  ehUdnn  of  both  «»--...?'     v     "*  '"''''• 
•re  now  .I«.i,u-!liL  ""*•"'•'•  ""X""!-    In  It 

i«^  ^  '  ^"*'*'  °°^»  *>'  wveml  yean,  haa  hiwn 

down  above  the  fireplace,  and  not  only  carriea  awar  tt« 
«noke,  bnt  acta  aa  a  splendid  ventilatof.  *^  "'^ 

«„i''*w  u^^°*^  °^  ^®®®'  »  «»°°«^  bnildlng  waa  erected. 

four  dozen  cans  each,  were  canned  ^ 


THE  TOWN  HALL  AT  METI.AKAHTLA 


EDUCATIONAL  BUILDING  AT  METLAKAHTLA 


f 


11 


SOME  METLAKAHTLA  HISTORY        817 

ihould  prove  profitable,  he  finally  was  induced  to  ask 
some  of  his  fnends  for  assistance,  in  the  following  way : 

A  corporation,  "The  Metlakahtla  Industrial  Com- 
pany,"  was  formed,  with  |25,000  capital  stock.  Of  this 
stock,  Mr.  Duncan  and  a  few  of  the  natives  took  about 
half.  The  other  half  was  donated  by  friends  of  the  mis- 
sion, with  the  understanding  that  if  the  enterprise  came 
through  all  right,  they  should  be  paid  back  the  money 
advanced.  If  not,  they  would  lose  it,  and  he  ^ould  be 
under  no  obligation  to  repay  them. 

On  the  first  of  January,  1895,  Mr.  Duncan  formally 
turned  over  to  this  corporation  all  the  industries  of  the 
colony,  the  store,  and  the  sawmiU,  as  weU  as  the  cannery. 
This  business  was  managed  so  prudently  that,  in  1905, 
the  corporation  could  be  dissolved,  as  having  served  its 
purpose.  The  native  stockholders  were  paid  back  their 
money,  with  fifteen  per  cent  interest  per  annum  for  the 
time  they  had  had  their  money  invested.  This  interest 
had  been  paid  to  them  annually.  The  other  stockholdere 
received  their  money  back,  with  seven  and  a  half  per  cent 
interest,  and  Mr.  Duncan  now  personaUy  took  over  all  the 
business  and  the  property,  including  the  two  steamers  in 
the  meantime  acquired,  boats,  barges,  nets,  and  the  entire 
stock  of  lumber,  merchandise,  and  canned  sahnon  on 
hand. 

Since  that  time  aU  of  the  business  has  been  carried  on 
by  him  personally,  with  the  aid  of  trusted  native  em- 
ployees in  the  different  departments. 

In  the  month  of  June,  1890,  the  village  had  the  honour 
of  receiving  the  first  official  visit  of  the  Governor  of 
Alaska,  the  Hon.  Lyman  E.  Knapp. 

The  Governor  arrived  on  a  United  States  Revenue 
Cutter  on  Sunday  ;  but  so  strict  was  the  Sabbath  observ- 
ance rule  at  Metlakahtla  that  even  the  Governor  of  the 
Territory  could  not  be  officially  received  until  the  fol- 


If. 


li 


818  THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

lowing  day,  when  a  platform  was  erected  near  the  beach 
and  a  reception  held  for  him.  ' 

Speeches  were  deUvered  by  leading  natives,  and  by 
the  Governor,  who  promised  to  do  aU  in  his  power  to  se- 
core  ttem  an  established  and  definite  right  to  the  Island, 

^   fl    .   !^u^''*^'  ^^""^  **  "^"^^  ^^^>  citizenship. 

The  first  of  these  rights  was  accorded  them  by  Conirrefls 
tte  next  year,  but  the  boon  of  citizenship  is  still  iS^ 
Tnttmeld  from  them,  though  President  Roosevelt,  in  hte 

upon  that  body  to  grant  this  privily  to  the  MetlaS 
Indians,  whom  he  did  not  hesitate,  in  this  interesting 
State  ^per    to  chara^iterize'  as  highly  inteUigent  and 
civUiz«i,  and  folly  entitled  to  all  the  righto  ^d  privi- 
leges of  citizenship.     Congress,  however,  failed  to  wt  up 
ft°  >^  ^«»««*io^  ^  th«  matter,  as  in  so  many  others. 
Subsequent  evente  have  shown  that  the  temper  of  Con- 
gress,  with  reference  to  granting  citizenship,  or  the  right 
to  acquire  citizenship  to  any  othex  than  Caucasians  and 
negroes,  was  such,  that  there  was  no  hope  of  passing  an 
Act  aUowing  these  highly  civilized  Indians  the  right 
to  become  naturalized,  a  right  which  is  freely  granted, 
evary  day  in  the  year,  to  other  much  less  intelligent  and 
patriotic  aliens.  «-"^«.v  iwu 

Senator  Knute  Nelson,  of  Minnesota,  who  has  taken  a 
^t  interest  in  the  welfare  of  Metlakahtla,  therefore,  on 
February  4  1907,  introduced  a  bill  togrant  them  the  right 
to  obtain  licenses  as  pilote,  captains,  and  engineere,  and 

^J?°  ^  T'^  ""**'  ""^  °»°*°'  ^^  ^t»»  the  same 
force  and  eflfect  as  if  they  were  citizens  of  the  United 
States.  This  bill,  by  the  kindly  aid  of  President  Eoose- 
vrit,  then,  as  always,  the  determined  friend  of  the  Met- 
takahtlans,  who  instructed  the  Department  of  Commerce 
MdlAbour  to  take  all  proper  steps  to  secure  ito  prompt 
Pa«age,  became  a  hiw  in  the  veiy  short;  time  remaining 


SOME  METLAKAHTLA  HISTORY  319 
of  that  8e«ion  of  Congress,  and,  on  the  4th  day  of 
^t'  ^  ei'.'^Iir*^^^*^"'^«"^tureof  the  President. 

JtLit  ^^  "^*  ^"  '^^  "^  ^°^""  Congress  will 
see  that  it  cannot  any  longer  aflFord  to  refuse  to  these 
oivjlized  and  inteUigent  men  the  right  of  citizenship 
which  was  explicitly  promised  them,  as  they  thought,  with 
the  full  approval  of  the  national  government,  by  the 
^j^e^or   Of  Alaska,   when    they  first   came\^hi! 

M^  ^i^T'T  °^  ^^^^'  *^^°««  ^  progressed  so  for  at 
^^  *^*'  ^'^  ^"^  °^  «*l°»o°  ^«re  canned,  and 

:frLrti.rair^-^^^-^"-^^-^'>-ch 

That  winter  saw  ninety-five  new,  permanenf  dwellings 
erected.    Since  then,  their  number  has  been  added  to,  S 

tl^r.  T-  *^  °°^  ^°"^  ^^  '^^  private  dwell- 
ings,  all  told,  in  the  village. 

bv^l^r""*^'  •^'  ^f  ^'  *^"  *^"^  ^t^""  «^^«1  erected 
by  Mr.  Duncan  m  the  village  was  destroyed  by  fire,  aTa 
net  loss  of  nearly  |9,000.  ' 

onf  o^  Zl-^''  ""^'"f  '^^  ^""  '^  *^«  'carelessness  of 
rnir  j^fi  ''^  operators,  determined  Mr.  Duncan  to 

"Sir  l"^!,P^«°did  water-power  obtained  from  the 

f«i^^'°  **•'  ,^'°°^"  ^"^°S  ^°  ^J**  «rater,  about  m 
feet  above  sea  level,  in  the  mountain  valley  if  -Pai^ 
Mountein,-  located  on  the  other  side  of  the  bay,  aS 
overflow  of  which  tumbles  down  the  mountain  Jje 

motih^'^fSl*'^*^'^  ^'  ^*^^*'°"*  «  ^^  at  the 
month  of  this  lake,  and  a  pipe  line  down  the  mountain- 

«de  and  around  the  bay,  and  thei^by  not  only  provid^ 

wate^^-power  for  th.  new  sawmill,  which  now  was  l^Z 

™n  bya  Pelton  water-wheel,  but  also  furnished  an  n^^^ 

saiy  water  for  the  cannery,  and,  in  addition,  a  splendid 

water  supply  for  the  use  of  the  whole  village. 

The  business  affairs  of  tlie  colony  were  now  in  such 


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890 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


Aape  that  this  new  work  was  done,  the  mill  rebuilt,  and 
new  machjne.7  purdiaaed,  without  Mr.  Duncan  having 

^  ^^J^H  '°^r;^^"  '•*"•  *°y  ^«^P  whateoever.  ^ 
Kw  ?^,^^  **^  February,  1893,  was  a  aad  day  in  the 
history  of  Metlakahtla.  ^ 

For  several  week,  a  north  wind  had  been  blowing 

T         .?^    ^  »  «i  been  no  rain  at  all  for  a  loue  time, 
andeveryth^i,      e  village  was  as  dry  as  tinden^    ^ 
A  ventabie  ga..       ,m  the  northeast  was  blowing,  when 

o^S^Th/*"  ""h    ^'''^'    ^Plelo.kS'itS 
other  with  fear    ud  trembline. 

"  An  awful  day  f.     » fire  I " 
"Where  was  itt 

Foitunatelv,  it  ha.i  starts  in  the  western  portion  <rf 

the  village,    m  an  i,  our  or  two  all  of  that  part  of  the 

village  (except  two  bwises,  which  miraculously  escaped 

unscathed,  though  located  directly  in  the  path  of  the 

flames),  some  twenty  dw^lings  in  all,  witi,  Um  contents 

of  most  of  them,  were  wiped  out  of  existence  by  the  fierce 

fire  fiend.     The  best  fire  aepartment  in  the  world  oo«ld 

Mve  done  nothing,  under  the  cireumstanees.     The  flames 

mmply  kept  on  licking  all  with  voracious  toi«uee  till  m 

more  food  for  them  co«ld  be  found. 

Here  was  a  beautiful  opportunity  for  the  Meth»kahtla 
people  to  show  what  Christianity  had  done  for  them. 
And  they  did  not  fail.  Not  only  did  neighbour  make 
room  for  those  who  had  no  home  ;  but  in  less  than  two 
days  $1,600,  to  be  diirtributed  among  the  flre  sufferers, 
was  raised  right  in  the  little  village,  and  about  fl,G^ 
of  the  amount  came  from  the  poor  natives  themselves, 
though  they  were  at  this  very  time  struggling  hard  to 
re«>ver  from  the  losses  entailed  upon  them  when  they 
had  to  give  up  all  that  was  theire  for  the  sake  of  their 
nuth. 


MISSION  HOUSE  AT  METLAKAHTLA 


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CANNERY  BUILDINGS  AT  METLAKAHTLA 


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SOME  METLAKAHTLA  HISTORY       321 

a^^\^  "*'"  *"'  *'**  mtafortane  reached  the  onWde. 
Ood  toached  nuuT  hearts.  AnH  <»  -  "»«»uuwiae, 

neirlT  iiooo  i7\„«^  ^  *"  *  ^*^  "^^ort  time 
n«uriy  §3,000,  In  mouey  and  contribntiona  in  natura, 
came  for  the  benefit  of  the  anfferera.  ii  oon  rT^d* 
^ount  f^m  a  genUeman  In  I^nd^r^ngfirH^nr^'s" 

iLTM^isrkratdtr '  ^-'^-^  ^  ^-  ^--  -<* 

This  fire  stirred  the  village  council  up  to  procure  at 

^flre-belhi  were  also  bought,  to  be  placed  in  differed 

^JL    ^^"^'    ^  '*"*'^*'  "-^  ^^'  company  WW 
organized.    CisteruM  were  located  near  the  hoLf    S 

«si;;ruri;rdire'r*^'^^^^^  "^- 

ch«rohT;i^"°^^^  *^°  breken  for  the  magnificent 

hiS^l^  ^i*^*^  ^V*''  ^"'^  ^^«  buildingTwhTch 
had  been  delayed  so  long  only  because  it  was  Mr  Don 

^'s  aim  to  build  a  chureh  that  would  iuTe^  way^ 

an  honour  to  the  place.  ^      ^  ^ 

In  April,  1894,  the  raising  of  the  heavy  framework  w«- 

tergest  chureh  in  Alaska,  and  most  certainly  a  mL ifi 

thrn^oJ*^  '^°'  ^  ^°'^^*''^  f^*  *o  *be  ceiling'  and 
the  ^Jl  "^  '^'"^  °°  "^«  *o-«"  -«  eighty  feet  above 

The  cost  of  this  edifice,  where  everything,  exoent  th« 
fine  pipe  organ  and  the  gas  fixtures,^  the  worrS  tS^ 
natives,  wa.  a  litde  over  110,000^^  thisamom.^  Sj 


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THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


J^T!^*^!!r'''**^~"'^*>'»'«**2,B0a  Aboat|3.000 
J^  been  taken  from  tbB  Benevolent  Fund,  one-halfftom 
^1Z^\  '^^F  "^^-''o"^  aa  having  been  contribnted 
iLS?°*i°.^'*'*^  "*  "»•  U"****^  Strte.  at  an  earlier 
period,  and  the  other  half  from  later  contribution,  for  the 
^r«.paipo»  of  helping  Mr.  Duncan  to  build  thi. 
bjMdftd  tMjple  to  God.  But  by  far  the  greater  amount" 
•bout  H«00,  was  domrted  by  Mr.  Duncan  himaelf  flt>m 
hla  own  private  ftinda. 

by'^l^gH*'*^  tV«hotwaterplant,andi.lighted 

*  ''^l!?.'*'"^'»^«*'»»»yw»yofrepai»andpaint. 
^needed  (the«in  included  the'^coet  Tth^ghZ 

Of  «,75L80.    Thia  does  not  include  partor'e,  oimnirt'c 
at  Metlakahtla,  given  gratuitously.  ^ 

i„?iS  V"T*^  **"*  °*"^  *«^*  "^y  ^^  Thankagir- 

1  ^-U  \  (^*""«°oco"«"on8  taken  at  the  regn- 
w  a^ces.)  IVom  offerings  by  tourists  of  the  different 
«^ons  vidttng  MeUakahUa  during  the  last  twTe 
J«»,  the  total  sum  of  $1,006.99  hm  been  received,  m> 

church  ftind,  a  balance  of  9400. 

J^  V^il!"!  f^'  ""•  "»°«^'  '"^^  «*out  the 
■t«»ts  of  MeOakahUa  was,  after  heavy  rains  (and  hea^ 
ijin.  are  of  mther  frequent  occurrence  in  a  cowtiy  IhZ 
tte  annmU  rainfaU  is  usually  about  120  inchesXa  JSS! 
•oly  unpleasant  undertaking. 

But  in  the  nineties,  it  was  concluded  to  oblidn,  on 
^  t  from  Ifr.  Duncan,  planks  to  tHe  amount  of  t2,0(^ 

•Uhr«  dollar,  per  annum  for  each  adult,  to  work  on  tte 


SOME  METLAKAHTLA  HISTORY       333 

It  for  hi.  -nooeaaorP^haMti^^"y»^eh« built 
«»i»ee  pcdavely  to  move  inSTt  Stetf  t  "irTf  ^"  ***• 
way  more  oouvenient  and  J^m^'  ^' *' ^* *°«^e'y 
containing  hi«  den  ^t^^^i  '^  «»«  ««le  houi 
-tailed  iTthi.  biding  ^fl??„"i::S ^  ^°''''^«''  *»■ 
Honee^n  be  fonndt'a  n^\f^'^  °'  «««  ««<«- 

Mr.  Duncan's  reaann^  /«-  *i.  **b®-^ 
hfa  buildings  areTi  tL  h  TF  «*"*  *°^  »*^«  of 
-to.ngth  to^^^^wild^iSJif  •  "  Kives  greater 
<»"  be  veiy  violent  at  McJ^aluf  '  h  ''^JT*'''*'  "^^ 
expect,  thereby  to  wmiTSSr,^  !?,^  °*^  ^^'^  he 
town  haU  ha.  p,o^JS?.^^r  7*°!"*"°°'  "  ^''  *«  the 
evcy  one  of  the^tt^l^wr      ' '"  ^'^^  ^^^  '"'"^^  <>' 

ifhST;  Smb^r  1^,  j:?;^;*  ^  ^  --^  -  net. 

library  building,  was  oonmiw!^  S?  ^"^  ""^  Public 
"atiomu  ooloni  S^S^^!?'  '*  i«  Painted  in  all  the 
irinehonse,  if  n^aS  Xl?^  ^^  '^'  »«»««*»  an  en- 
white,^  the  cu^i„  Sil     "^  "^""^  ^  '^•^'«»  ^ 


S94 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


:i  i 


!l     ! 


'1 
■  i> 


if;  ! 


The  JaU  portion  ia  •  perfeoUy  perftuoiary  iMtttntion. 
The  only  occupant  I  have  ever  known  it  to  have  i&  now 
•nd  then,  a  amaU  boy,  whoMs  mother  cannot  manage  him 
•nd  gets  Mr.  Dnncan  to  help  her  by  placing  him  under 
TCitiaint  for  a  few  houra.  In  the  Summer  of  1906,  an  in- 
corrigible girl  had  a  taata  of  Jail  life  for  a  day. 

The  public  library  housed  in  the  second  storey  waa  in- 
•tailed  in  the  Winter  of  190S  and  1906.  It  is  the  lancat 
public  library  in  Alaska,  and  contains  2,077  volnmea. 
w»:  853  volnmea  of  religions  books;  329  of  histoiy 
geography,  traveU,  and  biography;  38  of  poUtioa.  gov- 
ernment, and  political  economy ;  84S  of  fiction  ;  265  of 
mtaoBllaneous  books;  70  of  music,  and  26S  of  reference 
books.  The  latter  cannot  be  removed  from  the  librarv. 
but  must  be  used  there.  The  library  is  kept  open  tor  a 
couple  of  hours  every  Saturday  night 

The  books  in  the  Ubnwy  moat  prised  by  the  nativea 
are  two  volumes  of  "Presidential  Addressee  and  State 
Papers,"  presented  to  the  library  by  President  Booae- 
Tdt,  and  bearing  upon  the  fly-leaf  of  the  flnt  volume,  in 
the  PresideDt's  own  handwriting,  the  inscription  : 

••  With  good  wishes  for  the  Metlakahda  Indians  from 

Among  other  books  contained  in  tbelibnzy,  isaftiU 
•Bt  of  President  Roosevelt's  Works,  in  beautifU  moitNJCO 
binding,  a  de  luxe  ediUon  of  Univewal  Anthology 
(82  vols.),  a  ftiU  set  of  the  United  States  Digest  of  the 
American  Digest,  and  of  the  United  States  OompUed 
Statutes,  »  de  luxe  edition  of  Talmage's  Sermons  (21 
vols.),  an   old   edition  of  Plutarch's  Lives  (6  voli). 

printed  In  London  in  1768 ;  complete  seto  of  aU  the  woriw 
of  Dickens,  Thackeray,  Marryat,  Scott,  Wilkie  Oollln% 


K>MK  METLAKAHTLA  HWTOBY       m 

modem  eooyoloDwliaa.  di«H^„^  ^*"-    *»^«»1 

•nd  shelved  UmmT      ^  •"**  ^-  ^^°»««  kindly  housed 

»««n«  the  expSWthf?^ Jif  "^^  *"  '*''^°*«*  ^ 

PabUc  UhrJ^M^^,^  J^  "Librarian  of  thf 

logue.    ItiS'pi^teSSSit    ''~'^^°'"•*«*•■ 
rt*t  work  done  thell  ^***^'«  "  *  "»«n»ento  of  the 

^  ^^;e^:,r  °JJ:  t^-r  ^-^  ^^  ^ee  or 
library  <«da.  andiheJIJ^? rT.  '**°°'  °'"'  ^""^"^ 

Duncan's  arrivl  rtPc^  sl^'*""  ««dversary  of  Mr. 
MetlakahtU  ^P**"  ^"  «lebrated  at 


896 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


it  ] 


Old  wonnda  eoald  not  help  being  nopeocd,  w  Um  mUtm 
of  MetlukshtlA  renlvod  to  ofOebnUe  Um  uuUvenvv  at 
their  own  home. 

TUey  sU  gathered  ewly  in  the  town  hall,  which  waa 
deoomtod  with  eveigreena,  fcitoona,  and  flagfc  Four  of 
tiie  elden  made  impraiiive  and  touching  addraaMa,  inter- 
aperaed  with  pr^er,  and  four  beaatifU  anthema  wera 
■ung  by  the  ehorah  choir. 

The  room  waa  then  transformed  into  a  banquet  haU 

and  the  good  women  of  MethUiahtla  served  a  moat^i^. 
lent  dinner,  while  the  MethUcahUa  braai  band  fumiahed 
choice  mnaic.  »i"««ucu 

A  line,  leather  covered  chair  waa  praaented  to  Mr. 
Duncan  by  hia  people. 
John  TWt  and  Sidney  Campbell,  who  both  were  prea- 

!Jil^  ?f  ^"^^  ^  ^"'^  S*°»P«>°  fl'^y  y««  ago, 
addreaaed  him  at  length  in  words  of  appreciation  of  hia 
life  and  labour  among  them,  and  pledged  themaelves  and 
the  people  to  love  him  better  than  ever  in  the  future. 
Mr.  Duncan,  on  being  led  to  the  chair,  apoke  at  length 
n  ?^"?**°'  "hearsing,  like  a  Moaea  or  Joahua  of  old, 
all  that  God  had  wrought  for  them  thoae  many  yean. 

irT**v,?*^*  ^'  ^  ^•Pn*»n»  the  Methodiafc  preacher  of 
Jtetchikan,  aome  aeventeen  miles  diatant,  then  apoke. 

The  crowning  event  of  the  day,  however,  waa  the  ren- 
dering by  a  choir  of  forty  native  voioea,  in  a  most  excel- 
lent manner,  of  Handel'a  renowned  oratorio  "  Measiah  » 
under  the  leadership  of  Edward  Maraden,  with  Beni'a- 
min  A.  Haldane  at  the  organ. 

The  13th  of  June,  1908,  waa  the  fiftieth  annivenary  of 
the  preaching  by  Mr.  Duncan  of  hia  firet  aermon  in  IWm- 
siiean.  The  day  waa  remembered  in  prayer  in  every 
house  at  MeOakahtla.  But  no  public  cdebrattonT 
curred.    Mr.  Duncan  doea  not  care  much  for  aonivena 


SOME  METLAKAUTLA  HISTORY       8S7 

«!^„    /l.   1*^  '"*"♦  however  macb  he  penonaUy  bv 

it^n  of  hi.  iniuue  moderty,  nmy  depn«uiT      ^'    ^ 

We  have  «»n  that,  with  the  excipUon  of  five  ve«^ 

when  he  had  the  benefit  of  the  invaloiSle  1«1«L  n/tT" 

^iTtiLTdrj^:  Binett-Duncan,  h^  w!:::;^^;  ^t 

*»Wla,  had  practically  no  help  in  his  work,  exoeot^ 
of  the  native  teacher,  which  he  hinu«lf  hJ^'e5u«Sl?^ 
Mort  of  the  time  he  ha.  labonnnl  in  illirSL 
been  in  theaame poaiUon.  And,  when  tht^^ibj^!^ 
it  is  not  because  he  was  not  wil  ing  to  ^lu^tiT^A  r 
competent  and  able  assistants.    T imf  „*  ^,         *  "'^  °' 

Rn  «  «i!;i  *  *"^  ^'  ""*y  «»fe'y  be  characterised  m 

•n  "absolute  monarchv  "  Aithnn»i.  »k       "•«»'«'"»«i  as 

kind,  Dleasant.  a„^  il^l,  ^^Z^«^  ^^e  monarch  is  both 
kaSua  w^\  ^JT",*-  The  hand  that  rules  Metla. 
wJTi.,  *r^  *  ^^''**  «'o^  Bat  the  hand  is  tZl 
within  the  glovejust  the  same  all  the  ttme.  ^ 

AJier  Dr.  Bluett-Duncan  left.  Dr    n    t    w«  *i. 

w«h  wir.  «^  ^.,,.„,  ^.-^'^  ,L.^rr2 


r 


s. 


I  i 


IW    ■     1 


•M  THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

Uud  on  two  dUhraot  ooomIoim.  Thtj  ara  all  nmrnm* 
berad  and  Ulorwl  for  their  nuui  j  kindiiMMi  ami  Talaabto 
■«J^  ha  at  a  dootor,  and  hla  wifo  and  da^tar  aa 


Aft«r  an  intanral  of  ona  j«ar,  the  riUamt  had  aiMv 
doctor,  In  Dr.  Bmeat  R  Pike,  who,  wiuThto  wlfc,  qmit 
thjw  a  honeymoon  of  two  jeara,  fhua  1899  to  19oL 

Thomaa  Boyd,  who  had  etndied  medleine  In  Inland. 
CMne  to  act  both  aa  mladonary  teacher,  and  aa  doctor 
-•dflned  both  poiuon.  tothe-rtlafocdinofaUpISi 
concerned,  from  Febmary,  1908,  to  December,  1904,%rlMm 

w^fc^  ^»H«. be,  ere  long,  died,  learinff  an eitimabk^ 
wW^  and  a  lovely  little  danghter,  the  flnt  while  child 
bom  un  Annette  Uand.  ^^ 

When  Mr.  Duncan  Urat  came  toAUMka,  theOorem- 
inent  offered  him  amiitance  in  the  edncaUonal  branch  of 
bit  work,  and  aUowed  him  |1.900  per  year,  with  which 
to  pay  a  teacher  or  toachen  in  hia  achooL 

When  he  had  received  this  help  for  abont  aiz  yean,— 
«nd  that  it  waa  a  welcome  one  daring  thoae  trying  yeara 
^JT^u  ''?!*  »°»«*°«.-«  nile  waa  promulgated  that  the 
Bible  ihould  not  be  taoght  in  any  school  In  Alaaka  sup. 
ported  by  governmental  aid.  When  Mr.  Duncan  learned 
of  ttia,  he  immediately  reftised  to  roceive  another  dollar 
of  Government  money.  — «— 

"The  Bible  will  not  be  exiled  fhmi  any  school  that  I 
hnve  anything  to  do  with,"  he  said. 
The  same  grand  old  man  t 
" This  0M«  thing  I  do  I" 
Other  missionaries  In  Alaska  ciranmventod  the  order 

!JSn7fi.  Jl  iM,*^  a^oumed,  and  walking  »,e  chlldron 
jroond  the  buUding,came  In  again  and  organised  the 


Dd, 

or, 

dd 
len 
im 

Ud 

■n- 
of 
ch 


n 

be 

P- 
A 
ir 


I 


If 


J. 'I 


I 

I       i 


DAVID  LEASK  AND  FAMILY 


t-j-*  'm^ 


'.  fi 


«^     mH 


METLAKAHTLA  GIRLS'  20B0  BAND 


^^Mr*jjf 


80ME  METLAKAHTLA  HISTORY       8M 

April  to  OcfobT,  1893,  R  W.  wj^3^^  JT 
l^jMoa  wife  IhMn  Iowa,  from  Augnt,  to  DMMiber  1897 . 

D«rid  iMik  WM,  tiU  be  di«d  in  1899.  mnmth^nt^ 
Mr.  DanoM.  in  tl»  ^hooUxwn.,  wd  darii  uTli^foi; 
or  llTO  y««  hi.  dMglitar,  MnihTliSM-yrii  !Z^ 
ployed  tiM.  gmrter  p3  of  tbTtlmr  *--k.  »»-  b«n  «■• 

jtiS"^  '^l''**'  •  hUf  br«d,  with  »  good  cdnoiuion 
■PTved  M  a  tMoher  in  1897  and  189&  wocauon, 

J  ^i^^t'^^"  ^*'^y««tJ^oW»d«n  have 
SSi^il?  JJ1!k'"*?'°°  "'•y  •^"*<»'  •«>  which  ^ 

r,    ,      Pw«>n»iiy.    Hia  many  dotica  mak«i  it  ini»«^ 

ii*^  «IrC    .  •*'**'**'  "WW*  ■•  h«  haa  aeonred  the  aerv. 
iT'^J?**'""'^'  <»'  •"  ««>«*  Ohria^w^nSi^ 

i-h^wlS*™^  '^  ^  '**  '"  «^'"«  -""Olm-mi 


830 


V 

1 


'li 


l'  I 


I  t' 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


jWly  tried  to  make  Mr.  Duncan's  home  as  pleasant  for 
Jim  as  it  could  be  made  by  a  neat  and  moS^^l^J 

l^T'\   ^"^  ^'-  '^""'^  "^  »»y  dischar^^^e 
duties  of  postmaster,  and  wliaifinger,  as  well  as^  tii^ 

^  of  the  excellent  fruit  and  vegetable  garden,  himsdf 
been  a  great  help  and  comfort  to  Mr.  Dunlin 

th^^^JJ^^r  *^*  ^''^  ''*^'  ^*'  ^^^  t^«  y^''  ^i"  miss 
the  r  valuable  assistance  and  pleasant  Christian  society 

little  farm  near  Portland,  Oregon. 
When  we  do  not  count  the  schoolmasters,  who,  for  the 

i^y  shor^.  r.r"'°°""^  flittedTfar  North  foJ 
very  short  and  limited  periods,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Waltoce 
have  been  the  only  white  people  permitted  to  Uvea? 
Metlakahtla  with  the  exception  of  an  old  French  Z^. 
dmn,  Jeremmh  Zuruet,  who  claims  to  be  over  one  hundred 

^LJ^  ^^""V^^'  ^^^^  "'^'^  P~**"y'  ^°  ^^*^  «  °ot  over 
mnety-flve.     He  was  at  Port  Simpson  before  Mr.  Duncan 

Sri  H^  '^;r^«*°  ''°««°.  'noved  with  the  natives  *' 
old  Metlakahtla,  and  also  to  Alaska.  He  is  quite  a  lac 
tor  on  the  island,  inasmuch  as  he  has  three  chUdren. 
eighteen  grandchildren,  and  seventeen  great-grandchil! 
dren  ;  but  is  hardly  possessed  of  the  sterling  qualities  of 
Sa<^?^n*^  ""^^  '**°^  ^"  ^^""^  ^^  ^  intelligence  and 

VoTh*'*  r*'*  ®^  °*"''*^  ^*'<»  emigrated  to  New  Metia- 

^fr*.  ;r  *^*  "^^^  *  ^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^^ve  been 
«ided  to  the  colony,  but  not  many.  And  a  few  have 
left,  some  for  the  old  place,  but  more  for  otiier  places  in 
Alaska,  notably  Ketchikan,  where  they  have  a  better 
opportunity  to  earn  more  wages. 

The  last  census  of  the  village,  in  the  summer  of  1908. 
shows  a  population  of  only  683.  This  decrease  in  ae 
^■S^M '°o  '*  ™*'°'y  **"*  *<»  **»«  excessive  mortality  rate 

WhUe  SouUieastern  Alaska  is  not  an  unhJSJhy  JTi^: 


SOME  METLAKAHTLA  HISIORY       Ml 

toy  at  aU  (in  foot,  some  one  hasjocnlarly  .aid  that  no  on. 
dies  there,  except  from  accident  or  old  ag^JSa^mZ 
^admitted  that  uie  adoption  of  the  doTiigtid  f^Tf 
the  wh,t«8  by  the  natives  does  not  seem  to  have  add^ 
anything  to  the  condition  of  their  health  ^^^^^ 
Quite  the  opposite  is  the  sad  actoaUty.  TabewS 
and  polmonaiy  troubles  generally,  sel  to  bHSe  ^J^ 

i?fl^ri^°^  "'  ^~^'  ^^"«  *  «>°P»«  Of  epid^«Tf 

ISar^Tvirml"^^'"'"^^*"^'*^'  ^-<^«*  ^^ 

According  to  the  records,  which,  however  are  nnt  ^^^ 

tta»«%^d«Ml„ &o«  th.  white plap..^  <™, 0,.,^ 

the  hm«  of  nmoval  to  Alaska  op  to  July  1  l90i 
Of  th.  d««h.,  146  were  of  in^a,  iXcJ^  fc... 

w!EJ^°''^    Some  tw«nty.foor  deaths  wore  caoarf 
Biver  in  i«9oi    ♦-.  ^  T        P^op'e  first  came  to  Nass 


389 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


The  death-rate  among  the  children,  which  la  ao  much 
greater  in  proportion  than  in  the  aettlementa  in  the 
Btatea,  is  perhaps,  in  a  lai|^  measnre,  due  to  the  expoaore 
which  follows  from  the  hirf>it  of  taking  their  fiuniliea 
along  and  camping  ont  on  their  logging,  fishing,  and 
trapping  toon ;  but  I  cannot  donbt  that  the  change  in  the 
building  of  their  houses,  which  precludes  the  ventilation 
and  constant  supply  of  fresh  air,  which  their  old  mode  of 
building,  with  the  central  fireplace,  and  the  large  opening 
in  the  roof  for4he  escape  of  smoke,  insured,  has  consider- 
ably to  do  with  the  waning  health,  and  deplorably  excess- 
ive  death-rate  among  these  people. 

This  state  of  things,  of  course,  affects  the  parents  as 
well  as  the  children.  Some  remedy  must  certainly  be 
found  for  this  high  mortality  rate  in  the  near  ftature,  or 
the  ftmeral  kneU  of  the  whole  race  will  soon  be  sounded. 


\i    \ 


eh 
he 
re 

m 
id 
lie 
m 
of 

>g 
p- 

18 

>r 
L 


'I 


ft' 

♦  1 

1 

i 


VIEW  OF  METLAKAHTLA  FROM  THE  SEA 


VIEW  OF  METLAKAHTLA  LOOKING  DOWN 

STREET 


MAIN 


XXXIX 

FLOTSAM  AND  JETSAM 

NO  more  beautiful  sight  meeta  the  eyes  of  an  ex- 
cursionist in  Alaska  than  the  vista  that  this 
little  village  presents  on  a  sunlit  day,  as  the 
steamer  approaches  it 

What  first  attracts  the  eye  is  perhaps  the  curious  little 
idand,  which  lies  right  across  the  entrance  to  the  bay 
and  very  properly  has  been  caUed  "Duncan's  battie^ 
ship." 

It  takes  very  little  imagination  to  believe,  when  at 
some  distance,  that  a  real  battle-ship  is  anchored  at  the 
inlet  to  the  harbour.  Passing  along,  one  notices  the 
beautiful  little  "  Good  Time  Island,"  as  the  natives  caU 
it,  and  then  looms  in  full  sight  the  magnificent  "Purple 
Mountain,"  which  towers  above  the  sea  some  2,600  feet, 
with  the  sUvery  strip  of  a  waterfiUl  leaping  down  its 
dizzy  height  from  "  The  Lake  in  the  aouds."  To  the 
rights  and  directiy  behind  the  church,  is  "  TeUow  HiU  " 
80  caUed  from  its  pecuUar  colour,  caused  by  the  action  of 
the  elements  on  the  serpentine  building  stone,  of  which 
this  immense  rocky  ridge  consists. 

Then,  what  first  attracts  the  eye  are  the  public  bmld- 
ings  on  Mission  Street,  and  especiaUy  the  magnificent 
church,  all  in  glorious  white  coats.  Below  these  build- 
ings, and  nearer  to  the  beach,  are  strewn  around  in  the 
luxurious  verdure  of  the  gardens,  the  houses  of  the 
natives,  painted  in  aU  colours;  pink,  green,  light  and 
dark,  orange,  lemon,  gray,  and  white— the  hitter  two 
colours  predominating. 

333 


884 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


I 


I 


j.n 


tJtV!^  •?P"*<*'°«  ^^  P«»oeftU  little  vUlage  doabt. 
hat  it  IB  a  pl«^  of  happy  homes.    EveiythlJg^SiS 

^^rJ^haS^Slrj^^"^^^^^^  -doohtthat 

ir.rr^jSirii^^^^^ 

touriaui  brii«  theTionr  lift  ^^  ****?  ^*'*"  "»« 

Sunday  ni^ht  at  fV    i  n    .  *u    *  ^  *'^»«'  ^  <»^« 
I j^-         *  ^  M  » .  30.    All  oi  these  people  come  aa  hmp 

mg  for  tbe  poor  and  nnraiog  the  sick  as  Anv  rhril« 

.port .,  *..,^,  o.  ^  ^  j.'ss'.rjxr 


t 


''I^>raAM  AND  JETSAM 


88ft 

*»•»  or  wisdovL  ^  .kJ^  ^  xmeiu  pratocUng 
■ubumT  ^  ••  «1»«  «  no  mo,4„ito«  ),  oi 

h^^a  rSL'S  1°K  '*'  "°"'"  «*•  "*«W«  - 

o'-^Z^^Z^:^Li^  "'^  '""•"^ 

K^„;if  *""  "  *''°«  """"-  awao'OT  p«p  forth 

«  to  oot  ui  nnoommon  .i(ht  to  w  1„  a.  SkS 

Mlf  of  April,  when  „«,  the  grM  in  th.  Middle  wZ 
»«K*o.mnH»Kedtopi,tonlt,»nnmerco.t 

The  nativas  grow  in  their  eardenR  aHK>.K<._- 

0^  buck  c»»n.^  «.d'";ss;is:'*^r^ 


8M 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


I 


'I  . 


■W«loimb  apple  trees  and  cherry  tre«L    t-«-^ 
■olons  ftt)m  apDle  tnML  JZ*     ^^    Two  years  ajo^ 

t~.planted  Into  iTaSfe'^et ""  '^''^"^  ^*^^' 

byihe  rsi'ajr;'^'^  "'^^•^^^  ^^'--'  -  «i-i 

gardens  iu  the  *Z?  J^r'^  ^^  **"  *^«  »«^  ««^ 

painted.    Flower ^^^,^^^1?^"^^  ""' °«»"y 
tistio  and  oriiriuai  \«rn„  ^'"'^  ^""^  '"  a  veiy  ar- 

Halibu.staSgllr,":,^;':^^^^^ 

Pinr^rrh.te:^an'S^rw\at^^  ^"^^^   -^ 
planted,  and  the  «irdi!       '      ^  **®°  procured  and 

llliBtnition  18  found  h«.?n  _       •       '''^' »'  '"''«1'  •" 

of  the  Zwm  of  ™„Lt™  /  ""*•  "'«"'"  "»  fterior 
My.a..er  i ^C^mZl^.'"™*'"'"""«^°'■ 
•ocl«nlta«,'S«^rd;^'"''>«P'*.  "'•"  «««^ 

J  v«,  Mat  down  to  eat  a  meal.    Botlliave 


THE  BANDSTAND  AT  METLAKAHTLA 


'•»/"»»  J07 


LAWN  FARTY  IN  AN  INDIAN  G. 


GARDEN 


\  ■ 


m 


1 


r 


1    i 


"'I 

»  I) 


J 


t .« 
1 1 


ll     v 


' 


i    I 


IT^)TBAM  AND  JETSAM 


887 
•««pttIoad7  ol«M  lUKl  n«t  „  ,„  ,„y  home  7tJl^ 
Ure  erer  enteral  in  the  mmtm.  «»^-which  I 

1«M»»  «r  pictnra  on  tbe  wall,  iood  Zft-T^i* 
««^br,c.4.br^onthe.helfoJ'e?::^'rp^     c'^'S 

S^nli     w^  *^°«'''  '^-^  ornament:  they  awfiuth. 

•dmlraUon  for  the  natlve^I^^"    ^  *'"'"*  ''*"  '^^  °' 
.  t^'tnd  *;  *^',  '"H**""'  *^*^  ^-  «»*  Metlakahtl. 


«88  THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

in  the  ohnrch  in  tiUs  viH  .ge  yoic«  so  sweet  and  cle«. 
that  lean  weU  unde«tand  that  proper  cnltivation  eonld 
^^ce  a  counterpart  of  a  Patti's  or  a  Melba's  wonderfW 

J^y  of  the  young  people  play  several  different  In- 
rtrumenta    Th*'*  ««  no  less  tiwu  four  men  and  OM 
woman  among  tiiem  who  can  handle  the  pipe  o^m  to 
the  church  very  effectually.    Mr.  Haldane  iTavXJS 
play  on  the  piano  with  great  skill  and  feeling  diffi^ 
compositious    of    Grieg,    maikowsky/BST    ^d 
Chopin  which  he  had  never  laid  ey«  on  or  h^bef^ 
Mrs.  Lucy  A.  Booth,  the  best  soprano  amX^^' 
mds  music  readily,  and  sings  the  Lre  at  on^witt^; 
pracbce.    The  old  Tshimshe^  love  song,  whSi  fa  h^ 
«produ^,  is  one  of  her  feTurite  son^  Ld  w^i^ 


/>! 


Tsimsheao  Love  Sooi;. 

Moderato. 


^Vi,i--^rl:e=d'  _LUi_iJ 


ah  -   e  • 


Oo        ahineth 


neo  -   Jee-gwa      Ah 


^^^^ 


e  -  y«e  -  ah  •  e 


y» 


&-A^^^^^^^^ 


Lak-    ka  - 


yoan-Ds 


Ah  •  e 


Ah  -e 


Duu-wil-Koi- dix   dk      Ah >    ..^ 


wU-goi-dixda     Ah.  yt '  yg,  Ah.  fjA. 


FLOTSAM  AND  JETSAM 


je      yi,       ah 


y«'  y»       Gow-dee  . 


'  -  je-wahlth  gool     Ah 


ye  -  yi  .  Ah 


ye-ya. 


T^,,  g     tHeiiB,  and  was  sung  for  me  by  John 


Tait 


Tsifflsbeao  Canoe  Simg, 


^    One      goh    . 


y«»    hoo  .  wal  -  Bhimt 


booahimt    gM 


«■  -  Wg  -  to  W«Bh       lo  . 


'  li 


W«Bh. 


!    M 


840  THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

Almost  all  Tsimshean  men  and  women  are  bom  acton 
and  speakera    Even  in  ordinary  conversation,  thei>8oft 
nS  'Ti '"  T*"*^"^^  ^^  *  mimicry  a^d  .  gestio 
stMds  the  strange  language  faUing  from  their  lips. 

Pubhc  speakiiig  with  the  men  seems  to  come  aanatural 
as  Singing  to  the  women.    Their  deUveiy  is  very  eSvS 

Th^r^ir^"?'  °""'''  '"^^'  " ''  P*^^«««  and  pleading 
n^Z  ?r        *°^°^  '^  continnons.    You  never  hear 
one  stutter  or  stammer  or  hesitate.    They  impress  vou  aa 
t«ing  fuU  Of  their  subject,  whether  speaking  o^^^K 

what  toey  have  to  tell  you.  The  modulation  is  wonder- 
'aJ^^^  gesticulation  is  never  extravagant,  many  times, 
indeed,  it  is  exceedingly  persuasive,  and  always  natuil 
The  imagery  of  the  native  eloquence  is  something  re^ 
markable  m  its  simple  beauty.  It  is  always  strictly  cor- 
rect.  Let  me  give  one  single  example,  taken  from  a  re- 
ligious exhortation  by  George  Usher,  now  deceased  : 

Bretibren  and  sisters : '  You  know  the  eagle  and  its 
▼ays.  The  eagle  flies  high.  The  eagle  rests  high.  It 
always  re^s  on  the  highest  branch  of  the  highest  tree.' 

rif  ^?  ^^^  **^  ""^  ^'«^^^  ^^-    That  branch  is  Jesus 

S.W     TiZ^''  '*''  °"  ^^'°'  '^  o"  enen^es  will  be 
below  and  far  beneath  us. " 

Mr.  Duncan  says  that  he  has  never  heard  even  a  little 
cmid  among  them  speak  ungrammatically. 

.«  *  ^'!^'^^°^  "*  »^'  ^°^«"  of  a»  athletic  sports, 
an  inclination  which  Mr.  Duncan,  from  an  early  day 
thought  It  well  to  encourage.    The  MetlakahUa  bieb^I 
nine  is  easily  the  champion  team  in  Southeastern  Alaska. 


THE  YOUNG  PEOPLE  OF  METLAKAHTLA  IN  , 


8g8 


THE  MARRIAGE  OF  HENRY  RUDLUN 


M     ! 


h   i 


FLOTSAM  AND  JETSAM 


841 

unifonna  and  accoulLmprfr^  Promised  to  furnish 
request,  the  "iJTiSur^in^  oo«»pliauce  with  this 
drilled  assiduXl^  mol  2??  "^"^  '"""^  "><* 
Governor  »fomi  I  Cc^'Va7thr^H^*'*'°  **"« 
district  had  decided  that  h":^d  „ot  l^fv  fT  °'  "'^ 
a  company  of  volunteers  amongSem  i^Jf„  k  °?*^ 
were  not  citizens.    Whereuoonth^^'  "*'''"*  "*«y 

fully  disbanded        '^''^°I^°'  "»«  company  was  regret- 

And  again  : 

"  f  °^  ?!«  «  also  my  mother." 

and  So. "  ^         °'  ^°  *°«  ^»"age  as  "  Mrs.  So 

Her  I.ml««.f^i^  '  ''rJ"""!"  (amn«'«  mother). 

•pet  is  the  fcmily Tke  2  dti  ,h  '        '""■''*''  ••  *'"• 
ftfl.«  »d  ~the/;'?he"4MT„^t''"'='"  °'  "•  *• 


842 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


they  saw  Mr.  W^aoe^ik  .?h^     «»I>ectively,  « 
Mr.  Duncan';  ww^d^lw  ^^"^  ^'  "^°^"*'" 

tL^LT'  a  few  of  the  most  oonunon  words  1b 

hul'liLT"  ^  '"^  -"--  --*  ^or  either  wife  or 
Grandfather  is  "  Keyahsh." 
Grandmother,  "Nhsteeto." 

«"^°W  mi°"  «^  «-rt  like  "Td»..*„. 

«d  of  a,,  .^.f ^.K^if/rCt'.'T""^  ^^ 

i«  the  a^ecu™  "hot"  '  "Kemmokniu" 

coMi  e  &  tmat "  the  ironj  for  ehiU  u« 

other  name  for  «fJ^  Tamshean  for  "whiskey."    An- 

ori^n^r^nfrtolT"  ""^  ^^  "^»''"  «^^^  *PP"ed 

^"'^    ^^^  «^    '^ring   "kohim,"   summer, 
•ft«ouno.dlltott,.ft«oh  wort  for -'yi...  ' 


FLOTSAM  AND  JKKAM 


84d 
«^ad,»   .utumn,  "fl«kooV'  and  winter,   "koam- 

When  a  Tsimahean  wanta  to  be  very  poHte  in  irreetinir 
yon  he  wiU  «y  :  "  EndohwillahwTn,"  .^owTy^S 

^  wahn^"  "Are  you  weUf"  and  you  maHlSi 
great  pr^riety  answer:  " Alunwillahw^oo,^u i  am 
wdJ."    THey  have  no  word  for  "thanks"  oi  "tLS 

J  OH* 

ajere  Is  one  word  for  an  adjective  in  the  singuhir,  and 
a  differen  word  for  ito  plural.  Porinstano^i^ot 
water  is  "  keinmukum-akst,"  as  stated,  bot^tatoes  are 
"lemmukmnshoosheed."  " Strong nuJi" is "k^Mta^ 
youat ; »  strong  men,  «  kaUeletum  youLi.- 

".S'n^r;*i"'*'^'^"^'^«^«^»»-    For  instance. 

"^r»»    "?^'';^  ^  "hightk"j  in  the  pIuS 

makst"    "l8tand»is"hightkahnoo"j  "heslJLds." 

"l:!^^:^"^''"  "makshum-'-tbeystant" 

ll^J^  ""*^°*^  **'  **»«  »»"««'  of  the  reader,  the 
Lord's  Prayw,  and  the  Apostolic  BenedictionT^! 
Bhean,  given  in  the  Meflakahtia  Church  Man^7 

The  Lord'a  Prayer 

ab'Z^^f^at!? u'^^ ^^"^ ^"^«»»''  N«»oo«ksh 
anjNoo-wahnt    Shabaksheahntsabbany.  Shab-koad  kan 

In^.  i^^''-'^^'^'^  Ne-wahltk^tsimTach^.^ 
Kinnam  klabgam  ah  shah  quab  abm  sbkabboo  wenaC* 
^koadan  ah  nabt-abtackamee,  newabl-daTdL^i; 

^t^rkZ.r^'f'i:'"*'"*'-^^^-  Killo'^d^ 
T1TI  "nt  shpiet  t'in  sbpablt  koadumt ;  addah  mab 
al   til  abmautkum   ah  babt-acbabdat ;   AhwiU  n't^ 

turn  dah-willah  wahl.    Amen."  »»  «uuan 


844 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


41 


The  ApoMtolic  Benediction 
Hah  abmshkh  Meyahnum  Jmiu  oh^^  ♦«      ,_,  . 
willah  hokahkh-deah  mT    «i»i.  ^  *°*  ^^ 

-Ok.  ka.  j:^  £-  r  tT^r^^^i?- 

and  yoJ  sh^rSk  tJe  Ze  o^^  ''.'I?^"  '^  ^^"'«'' 
foolish,  as  if  he  did  nn.T°i    !°°®  *'^"^*'"'  ^«  ^i"  look 

the  pn»per  Lartef  him  1  ^'^  T  **^  '^^*^'°  ^'"^  *«« 
for  the  other  ^  ^^^^  '**°"  thefevour 

^mn,  like  thta'  „,gtt  ^.ttel'STdle^  ""^  "' 

k^ep  rtric  «»,u.t  of  ftdr  gins,  ^  .,  aT^^ 
OotambL    uS^  ?!!;?'  ^°""'  fr""  «  party  Id  Brittoh 


FLOTSAM  AND  JETSAM  845 

•go,  gave  the  womau's  mother,  dnoe  d«M«-«^  «  v 
wedding  day,  a  cloak  of  the  valie  o  "wS^S  JL"  iS 
as  the  mother  never  had  given  him  any  eqaivalenr^t^ 
present,  he  pereeived  that  he  now  had  a  ^Jw  ^ilf^  ^^ 
the  value  of  his  gift  against  the  d'^h  JTho  o^ht' 
mother's  decease,  had  become  posseswd  of  W  rl^i, 

AstotheMetlakahtlans'faoS^oeXZ^^ 

i^'oriht^r'^-^^-*^^-""^^^ 

As  to  their  manner  of  dress,  it  mav  tM  «a{H  fi,™*  *i. 

condition ,  but  not  mach  a>o«  «^    Saoy  of  th™  ^^ 

wS  TJr^  i°'^-    ■""'  "■»  °l*  women  ^w 
WMT  shawu^  and  on  their  heads  blacli  mk  kerchte^ 

hiSl'^r  ^*''*'  ^  *  ^^"^"^  "''"S'  °ot  very  much  of  a 
mnw  «*°''°'°e«t.  Now  and  then  we  find  a  want^ 
moostache.    There  are  only  two  fall  beards  in  the  vm2 

^Z  ?  "^:?  Z\^''  ^"  °°*  °^  «  veryTt^rir 
STJTtn  ?®^  '^^  explained  by  a  custom  pre™ 

lent,  more  especially  in  earlier  times,  of  puUingl^tXe 


f       / 


846 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 
the  fcoe  «,  they  were  flm  ahowlug  them- 


ludrt   of 
■elves. 

•«7  Witt  it  wi,MTtL^5Si'SS  "*"•-*"» 

HQdalv  inflnAnA^i  ♦  "«  «M  an  idea  that  a  woman  is 
m  tSe  ciJT^,^'!  ""^  ""»«  ^^  »»e  act.  a.  he  did 
to  ^^er  to  ^^S  ^"'f^"*  J^««  P^te  .deed  him 
ompZaZk%ZT^-    ^««"«^^««lonetohl. 

"  Do  you  want  to  marry  that  old  man  f  " 

"  My  parents,  8ir " 

"No,  dr." 


md 

ire 
ile 
ng 

be 


Its 

re 

M 

i» 
Id 
n 

Is 


lM, 


fl^yrSAM  AND  JETOAM 


M7 

In    the  nwffliU  or  oanncrv     n..»  __         -    . 

there  are  five  small  uative  tor^  ...^  .  ""^ 

In  bwket  nakliit,  tke  Mauhewi  women  li.v»  i,«- 
<Jo  they  D»  ih.  flm  mntertata  of  the  Thllmdt  mdH J^^ 
wiien  the  TsimaheaiiF  caue  to  AlaakA.  n.«i.  Jl 

•tat  th,  ^u„  j;x  "m^'iT/a^orr; 

•mong  the  naavas  at  thi.  dUmT   toU  ^  ^" 

eiSiel  '  ""^  ""^^"^  ^^^^  f^^  '^^  ""able 

WW,  wmie  their  knowledge  oi  the  channeto  eveiywhew 


848  THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 

in  Sonth-JMtem  Alaska  is  well-nigh  perfect    ThevMe. 
bat  .0  not  need,  charta    In  the^opi^  theTaS  Su 

new  to  one  of  them.    The  other  ha.  ^ot^^h^foj 

r^hnS"^*^  But  his  memory  never  fiUlecTSr 
And  he  had  no  use  for  my  chart,  after  he  found  that  a 
wrtain  rock,  awash  at  high  tide,  and  which  he  had  tol  J 
me  about,  was  not  marked  on  the  map.    In  ten^nutes 

IVT!^"''^^-  ^d  there  was  the  rod^Tri^J? 
as  it  had  been  twenty  years  ago.  '^ 

wmished  with  a  compasa    And  still  we  always  foond 

na^channels,  where  the  tide-swirls were  runningwili 

Good  sailors,  good  fishers,  and  trappers,  good  work^ 

TsUm  toTlS?"  "^r^^  "  the/J^Tth^nXlL 

n^^JS!^'  T^  "*  "°'  *  ^°*'**«-    S«^«»»  enterprises 
nndertoken  by  some  of  them,  away  from  the  island,  h^ 

been  signal  feilurea    So  have  some  of  their  smSsiX 
and  widows  and  others  who  confided  to  them  Uieir  UtS 

^v°SiS  r  ^T  *°^  P~"^  '^^  »>^«  '«*""«>  have  no? 
SJr  JL*'*^*^  *^*  P~^**^  ^°'  »"»ve  lost  their 
capital  invested,  as  well,  and  this  through  no  dishone^ 

llroTT''"  "^^ ^  °'^*  enterpriser?  but  whoSy^ 
^k  of  business  energy  and  ability  to  carry  on  the  uid«' 
taking  on  proper  business  lines. 

*».4Thint^.'  "^"^  ".«^  "^3- of  these  people  Is 
^  inabili^  to  appreciate  the  neceasity  of  SSneas^ 

J^'r''"'i!r^'***"^  AnaHveseWom^Z; 
for  an  appointment    When  a  house  is  built  th«~  i! 

generaUy  someUiing  left  unflnisheTl  aL  Inci^to 


FLOTSAM  AND  JETSAM  849 

ttn°^«?d^.**''*  "*  .^'^^'*  ""^^  *  "^^^^  fl^l-hed  educa- 

The  fact  remains,  that  theae  natives,  in  the  way  of 

Z^i:  "^  "^  '",'  *"  '°  everytiung^ey seeoth^of 
at  leaat  when  pix)perly  instructed.  That  they  aw  aWe  to 
^plete  such  complex  buUding  undertaking^  « tie  tJo 
^  churches  built  by  Mr.  Duncan  at  both  S  the  MeU  J 
kahtlas,  with  the  limited  apparat^  and  appliaucwTt 
hand,  wiUiout  a  single  mishap  or  accident,  certS^s^;. 
volum^for  their  abiUtyasmere  workmen  and  meJhSS^' 
A  stranger  cannot  faU  to  be  impiessed  by  their  exceaa- 
lye  pohtene^  and  good  manners.     They  alwayslLrk 

^PS  or  hats  when  coming  into  Mr.  Dunin's  office. Td 
address  him  with  marked  deference.  ^ 

To  ladies,  and  to  white  men,  whom  they  know  and 
rwpeot^  they  invariably  doflf  their  hat»  on  the  J^t 

Srj^"o?lV^  ht  ^"  ""  ^-  -- "- 

IMsTfonnH  *'  '^'  ?''"^'*  «*°«  °°«  d»y  *°  August, 

IMS,  I  found  several  natives  present,  liieniug  tol 
Ponograph,  which  was  reeling  oflf  some  (SrSa  L 

^the  EeTMr?^-  '°  "*  "^"««°«  conve^atTn 
wm,  the  Bev.  Mr.  Tomlinson,  and  paid  no  particular  at- 

ZZZ^T  *°°'  ""*  P'*y«^  °°«» ^  aawCe  hate  and 
orqlk^!  ^"^  ?!?"'^  ^»^^^  »°d  fl«»»«™en  come 
meS  r  '  ?1«^  °P  i»»  surprise.  Then  it  struck 
S-in^^o  L''"^^^*  Star-spangled  Banner"  that  was 
being  play^.    These  natives,  who  were  not  yet  AmeriSn 

««^^had  Shamed  me  in  paying  homage  ^our^i^iS; 


XL 

THE  METLAKAHTLA  INDUSTRIES 

MR  DUNCAN'S  books  show  that  the  sum  total 
of  the  business  transacted  in  his  industrial 

the  sawmill  SST  "'  ^^^'^'^^^^  covering  the^,? 
1M7  r^'  r  «^®  '^"^'y'  ^"^  "»«  beginning,  i,^ 
1887,^op^to  U.e  ii«t  Of  July,  190^  ^^  Z  le^'lC 

From  these  grow  proceeds  he  has,  durinir  the  >»m« 

«.JiL^^r''**  ^'''*^°  ">^  ^'^^  does  not,  ofcoiuse! 
represent  the  profits  of  the  enterprise  OntJlhT^ 
proceeds,  the  stock  in  th^T^t  Oat  of  the  gross 

murthrr^H  A^  ^.  **°'*'  ®^«^y  yea*"  renewed, 
must  be  paid.  Also  tin  and  soldering  materials  for  thi 
inmions  of  cans  for  the  canneiy,  boat^^etC^YnJ^ 
lacquering  materials,  and  labels,  heavy  frdghJ^U  J^^' 
jnrance  of  the  pack  at  Seattle  (no  inJure^l  p3u^ 
^.r'i  *' ?'«*^^"*)»  and  a  liberal  co^^H^ 
the  house  handling  and  selling  the  pack  """o^ro 

Dumg  aU  of  these  years  Mr.  Duncan  has  not  only 

^l  llST^Z  *°^  P*^''  "•^'  '»<»*  of  the  time,  ?he 
only  physician  of  the  village,  without  pay  or  hire,  anl 

tt"Z^.  *"*^"'  "*  leaTschoolmasS'rtL^ou"^ 
n~^      ;  "'*°'*^'  bookkeeper,  timekeeper,  L^ 

XZ  to  aiwi-";'  *^««^°«i-  busineT'  aS 
addition  to  all  this,  he  is  the  counsellor  of  every  man 

^rZ^i  'f  ^'  "•"  '^'*^  '"^  »"  ^^cir  lime  t^ubS 

860 


THE  METLAKAHTLA  INDUSTRIES      861 

Dnncan  mSS^!!- for^!  ".^"  ^«  ^^^^  that  Mr. 
Ullage  at  rS^^^irof'^-^  ''°  ^"^^  "^^  ^^"'^ 

It  is  a  great  pity  that  this  business  can  be  t^rri^  « 
only  for  a  short  time  during  the  year  ^  **" 

depoated.    Aiter  living  for  some  months  i..  thisZl 

hatched."     It  gradually  works  ^«J1  iu^  "**"* 

it  reaches  the  br«^„„  t  ^^^  »t  progresses,  until 

^^hes  me  breeding  ground  in  its  native  lake^wre  and 

tiognW,  it  from  oZ,  W  ,"^  """'^J*  «"»••  "ow  it  can  di,- 

mon  ooming  to  it  and  n»  it  .nH  ««   *u        ^         '•■  pwtionlar  m|. 

1-k.d.  «J  fonidt  ^'tlrth^  '.U.eSrS"'"^'.'^" 
*»»*«».  h«  a  marked  wlmon  bZ  L„h  i„ %*  ^''  *"  •  '"'«'• 

.i««««rth.,«idi^,o«'sra,i"4^trp?:;r^    ^* 


862 


THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 


torn,  dishevelled  and  disfigured  from  its  rocky  path,  from 
its  enervating,  ezhaosUug  efforts  to  get  tbei-e. 

When  arriving  at  the  spawning  ground,  the  first  work 
undertaken  is  that  of  the  male.  Burrowing  with  his  nose 
and  pushing  his  body  again  and  again  into  the  sand,  he 
makes  deep  furrows,  so,  after  a  while,  the  spawning 
ground  looks  as  if  a  plough  had  gone  over  it.  Then 
comes  the  turn  of  the  female.  She  places  herself  in  the 
fluTOW,  and  deposits  the  spawn.  The  male  then  fertilizes 
it  This  done,  she  covers  it,  with  her  wriggling  tail, 
with  sand.  The  life-work  of  the  salmon  is  now  ended, 
and  it  is  ready  to  die. 

These  lakes  soon  become  filled  with  putrid  fish,  emit- 
ting such  an  odour  that  it  is  almost  impossible  to  ap- 
proach them.  Some  of  thie  salmon  have  life  enongh  left 
to  wriggle  themselves  down  the  stream,  but  m.DSt  of  these 
die  before  they  reach  the  ocean.  Those  that  do  get  back 
die  there  and  are  washed  ashore  by  the  tide. 

It  is  when  approaching  these,  their  native,  streams,  in 
large  shoals,  the  salmon  are  caught  in  nets  or  seines,  or 
traps,  by  the  fishermen,  and  brought  to  the  canneries. 
Some  time  after  they  have  touched  fresh  water,  varying 
according  to  the  distance  they  have  to  travel  up-stream, 
they  become  soft  and  flabby,  and  unfit  to  eat. 

In  the  different  streams,  the  estuaries  of  which  the 
cannery  at  Metlakahtla  draws  upon  for  its  salmon,  there 
are  four  different  kinds  of  salmon  running.  The  red 
salmon,  the  sock  eye  (in  Tsimshean  "mehsho").  the 
medium  red  salmon,  the  cohoe(in  Tsimshean  "ghua"), 
the  pink  salmon,  or  the  humpback  (in  Tsimshean  "  stah- 
maun"),  and  the  white  salmon,  called  "chum,"  or  dog 
salmon  (in  Tsimshean  "  kineesh  "). 

The  latter,  though  a  very  good  salmon,  but  not  so  fat 
as  the  others,  is  put  up  only  to  a  very  limited  extent  at 
Metlakahtla.    Japan  has  been  the  single  market  for  it^ 


THE  METLAKAHTLA  INDUSTRIES      353 

,"t!!L^^'  ^^"^  "  ^  ^ith  considerable  saocess.  been 

Sy  onJ?        ""'^  "-kee  a  dry  fish  preferable  to  aS 

The  first  work  done  in  a  canneiy  is  in  the  sprinir  and 

^ly  summer  when  the  cans  areZnufactured^  "*  ^Je 

T^ToL:r')'''7^'  ^«"^«^"«  enableelt  to 
pack  20,000  cases  of  salmon,  consisting  of  forty-eieht 
pound  cans  each,  nearly  one  million  ti/cans  ml  S 
be  made,  also  20,000  boxes  of  planed  h^^^'^TZ^ 
employs  a  force  of  about  one  hundr^  men  and  tyTfor 

s!rs';%T^  ^'  ^^"  ^"^^«  ^"^  ^^«  '^  *- 

started  out  with  their  boats  and  nets,  and  the  steamers 
make  their  daily  rounds  of  fn,m  forty  to  seventy^r 

cutters,  wha  remove  the  head,  tail,  and  fins,  and  dis 
embowel  the  fish.    It  is  by  them  tumed  over  to  Z 

rid  hT°^"  "'''  °P  "^  P^°P«'  ^«°«ths  on  amachTn^ 
and  delivered  in  trays  to  the  women,  who  put  itTS 
The  cans,  after  being  filled,  are  wiped  deanf  and  a  sprine 
^ver  put  on  them.  Then  the  cover  is  soldered,  a^ftJf 
^  put  n  the  boiler  for  the  fl«t  cooking.  A^thiJ 
fi«t  cooking,  a  hole  is  punched  in  each  can,  to Zw2 
air  to  escape.    Then  the  hole  is  immediately  fili^oD 

lu^'^d'"^;    ^'»>«i-«*bo«>°«hly  cleaned,  and 

^  a^  ?>«°  t^«>«>°5Wy  tested  by  experte,  who  tap  eaci 
can,  and  by  the  sound  can  determine  if  there  is  a  leak  in 
any  one  can.  All  "  leaks  »  are  set  aside,  and  «»refoliv 
examined  tiU  the  leak  is  found,  when  it  Td^^l 


8M 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


solder.  In  some  canneries  the  cans  are  now  at  once 
lacquered,  labelled,  and  marketed.  Kot  ao  at  Metla- 
kahtla.  The  lauqoer  will  often  temporarily  close  a  leak. 
After  a  while,  ho\:ever,  the  leak  reappears,  and  the  i«- 
salt  is  a  Tore  or  leas  spoilt  can  of  salmon,  when  it  reaches 
the  oonsLuer. 

In  order  to  obviate  this,  the  cans  at  Metlakahtla  aro, 
after  cn.liiig,  piled  np  till  the  season  is  over.  Then 
they  are  again  tested,  new  leaks  closed  up,  and  then,  and 
only  then,  are  they  lacquered  and  labelled,  put  into  cases 
aud  made  ready  for  the  steamer,  to  be  by  it  carried  to 
the  commission  house  in  Seattle,  which  finally  disposes 
of  them  to  the  wholesale  trade. 

The  entire  work  in  the, cannery  at  Metlakahtla  is  done 
by  the  Indians,  under  the  constant  snpervision  of  Mr. 
Duncan  from  early  morn  tiU  late  at  night  The  people 
who  do  the  work  are  scrupulously  clean :  none  other  are 
allowed  to  handle  the  salmon.  Tables,  floors  and  trays 
are  scoured  and  cleaned  thoroughly  every  day,  so  that 
after  a  day's  work  is  done,  one,  on  peeking  into  the  can- 
nery, would  not  know  but  that  it  was  one's  own  kitchen 
he  was  poking  his  nose  into. 

Once  in  a  while,  one  comes  across  a  sick  salmon.  This 
can  always  be  discovered  by  the  touch  of  the  human  hand. 
In  canneries,  where  the  filling  is  done  by  macbineiy,  it 
of  course  will  take  the  salmon,  whether  it  be  sick  or  well. 
Not  so  at  Metlakahtla.  Any  piece  fiwm  a  sick  salmon  is 
at  once  discarded,  and  goes  into  a  pail  under  the  table. 

Then,  again,  a  time  comes  when  the  salmon  becomes 
flabby,  and  not  in  prime  condition.  This  is  towards  the 
end  of  the  season,  when  the  salmon  is  running  the  strongest 
As  soon  as  this  ig  the  case,  Mr.  Duncan  closes  his  can- 
nery. Not  another  salmon  is  allowed  to  be  canned  from 
the  day  he  discovers  that  the  salmon  shows  np  in  a  de- 
teriorated condition. 


! 


THE  METLAKAHTLA  INDUSTBns     m 
taAtak^'  5li  o^r^™^  ••  the  b«  «Umoi.  c^rZ 

when  we  luJ^ul,  *  """"^  u  tWMMted  all  OuoaEb, 
"do.    Kit  doT^  1.  I.  L.^!7  "»  "»«  Up  Uurt 

«™  ftom  tbm  to  ««  dolhi,  p^y       •  ""'  '°'*  "*> 

i»m.g  to  to,  Z,^'  *'  '^°'°»  •»"«  '^y  f  ">•  ««t 


I 


356 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


The  women  flllijag  o^ns  are  also  paid  bj  the  pieee,  and 
can  make  from  two  to  two  dollan  and  fifty  oentt  a  dqr. 

The  cutten,  the  cleaners,  the  men  aroond  the  boilerB, 
and  the  teoten  are  paid  wages  of  from  two  to  three  ddllais 
per  day.  The  women  who  wipe  the  cans  get  one  dollar 
per  di^,  the  girls,  who  pat  the  oovers  on  them,  an  eqnal 
som,  and  boys  working  at  different  jobs,  piling  oans^  etc., 
from  fifty  to  seventy-five  cents  per  day. 

As  very  often  three  and  four  memben  of  a  funily  are 
employed,  the  total  earnings  are  quite  a  bit,  even  if  the 
season  is  short 

The  total  number  on  the  pay-roll,  dnring  the  canning 
season  proper,  varies  firom  one  hondred  and  eighty  to  two 
hundred  and  fifty.  In'  1908,  it  was  only  one  hundred 
and  eighty-five. 

Until  the  pack  is  sold,  or  at  least  until  New  Tear,  Mr. 
Duncan  pays  his  employees  only  in  coupons,  good  at  his 
general  store.  At  New  Year,  any  balance  coming  to 
them  is  paid  in  cash. 

This  year  he  has  promised  his  people  to  introduce  the 
profit-sharing  element  in  his  cannery  business.  If  there 
is  any  profit  from  the  pack,  which  is  not  a  certainty,  by 
any  means,  as  for  three  years  in  succession,  some  years 
ago,  the  bualnees  proved  an  absolute  loss,  he  will  after 
the  season  distribute  one-half  of  the  net  profits  between 
the  cannery  employees,  including  the  fishermen,  in  pro* 
portion  to  the  wages  earned  by  them  already. 

As  all  the  inhabitants  of  Metlakahtla  cannot  find  em- 
ployment at  its  industries,  a  number  seek  work  at  other 
places,  at  canneries  and  sawmills,  especially  during  the 
rammer  season.  What  Mr.  Duncan  is  looking  for,  and 
hopes  to  accomplish  in  time,  is  the  operation  of  so  many 
additional  industries,  and  such  extension  of  those  already 
going,  that  the  whole  population  can  find  steady  employ- 
ment on  the  island  all  the  year  round. 


THE  METLAKAHTLA  INDrSTEIES     86T 

Small  M  their  wage.  ai«^  and  limited  as  the  capMsity 
tor  employment  ia,  yet  a  good  many  of  the  Metlakahthui 
have  managed  to  aave  quite  a  litUe  aom  horn  their  earn, 
inga.  ^e  of  their  number,  not  long  ago,  consulted  me 
In  regard  to  the  moat  profitable  investment  of  |2, 000.  and 
aeveral  of  them,  to  my  knowledge,  have  a  few  hundred 
dollars  laid  by. 


i  f\ 


fi 


i 

I 


i 


i 


XLI 

THE  "CHRISTIAN  CHURCH - 

AS  the  life  of  the  MeUakahUans  centns  round,  and 
hM  ite  foandadoQ  in,  the  religion  of  the  Chriat 
80,  naturally,  every  iJ.tcreet  in  the  litUe  yillaM 
clnaterB  around,  and  culminatwj  ia  the  church.  It^at- 
nrally  dominates  all  and  everything. 

The  official  name  of  the  church  of  Metlakahtla  is 
simply  The  Christian  Church  of  Methikahtia."  It  and 
its  members  belong  to  -no  sect  or  denomination.  It  is 
strictly  ari  undenominational,  evangeUcal  church 

Its  whole  creed  is  found  on  tiie  beautifully  inlkid  pul- 
piMn  the  ribbon  held  in  the  bUl  of  the  white  dove: 

mounting  its  preaching  platform :  ^^ 

"The  angel  saith  unto  them :  « Pear  not,  for  behold  I 
bring  you  good  tidings  of  great  joy,  which  shall  be  to  all 
Ct'Li^!!  "intoyou  is  bom  tiiis  day,  in  the  City  of 
David,  a  Saviour,  which  is  Christ  tiie  Lord.' " 
In  this  pulpit  is  welcomed  any  evangelical  preaicher 

irS«^L^«  ^?*^P*^  ^"^  °^  ^«*a,  as  wS  as 
Methodist,  Baptist,  CongregatiomU,  Presbyterian,  and 
Lutiieran  ministers  and  laymen.  j     ««,  »na 

The  only  condition  exacted  is  that  they  preach  no 
"^  but  only  the  pure,  simple  Gospel  m^  ^f 
"Jesus,  Uie  Christ  cmcifled."  «-«b»5  wi 

It  may,  in  tiiis  connection,  be  interesting  to  read  Mr 
Duncan's  views  on  tiie  propriety  and  expediency  of  non- 
sectarianism  in  heathen  missions.    He  says: 

868 


ili/l 


THE  "  CHRISTIAN  CHURCH  "  859 

••  I  hold  th«t  it  would  be  well  if  all  iniitioMriet,  on  leaving 

would  leave  their  i«sp«ctive  church  colours  behind  them,  and 
Uke  their  ttand  in  heathen  lands  under  but  one  and  the  lame 
Iwoner— the  banner  of  Christ. 

.,Jr^'  *^*"  *T  **^?*'  *•  *°"'<''  '  •*•'«»«•  n«  only  have  lew 
rtrile  and  rivalrv,  lU-success  and  hollowness,  in  miwion  work. 

vktoT'  "°"  '**''*^'  "**"  P"^'"*.  and  mora 

"Divisions  among  religious  teachers  are  sad  stumbling- 
Wocks  to  the  heathen.  Bad  enough  to  have  divisions  at  home, 
but  far  worse  to  carry  them  abroad,  to  fetter  and  worry  new 
converts,  while  in  the  weakness  of  their  pupilage. 

"If,  however,  denominational  differences  must  ultimately 
arise  among  the  new  converu,  to  divide  them,  as  they  have 
divided  us,  then  let,  at  least,  such  divisions  be  inaugurated  by 
themselves,  aad  be  attributable  to  diversity  of  thought  and 
choice,  as  with  us.  As  far  u  we  are  concerned,  let  them 
remain  united,  as  long  as  thev  can,  and  divide  only  when 
necessity  from  within  demands  it. 

.» 'iHar^lr^  ?*  *u°"^y  ?^  "'^  **»*  sympathies  of  theChrutiana 
JLZl  li^  r  '"l*  **'J!'"  *^  n«*»yformed  congregations  in 
heathen  lands  for  church  unity  in  their  respective  Countries, 
and  nothing  less  than  simple,  unmitigated  cruelty  to  try 
to  divide  them  for  the  glory  of  any  church  denomination  Jt 

These  were  his  sentiments  when  he  first  left  England 
fifty  years  ago.  He  was  animated  by  them  in  his  opposi- 
tion to  clapping  the  manacles  of  the  Chaich  of  England 
on  his  new  converts,  and  to  this  day  he  is  true  to  the  con- 
victions of  his  yooth,  and  has  faithfully  carried  them  out 
in  the  church  fonr .  Jon,  rather  than  church  oreanixation. 
at  Metlakahtla. 

Three  times  a  day  every  Sabbath  do  the  chnrcii  beUs 
of  Metlakahtla  oaU  upon  the  people  to  attend  divine 
service. 

The  morning  service  is  at  11 :  30.  It  is  a  great  sight 
Sunday  morning  to  see  the  walks  black  with  people. 
From  all  directiomB  they  are  coming— men,  women,  and 


860 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


children.  Aa  the  people  are  CDtering  the  chnroh,  with 
Bolemn  mien  aod  stolid  faces,  while  the  belhi  sSl  are 
pealing  oat  their  message  of  invitation  to  one  and  all  a 
prelude  is  played  on  the  fine  pipe  organ,  thns&r  the  only 
one  in  Alaska.    As  the  last  soand  of  the  beU  is  dyinj 

dothed  in  a  black  Prince  Albert  ooat,  without  eveTa 
white  tie,  or  any  other  clerical  vestment  or  adornment, 
aaoends  the  preaching  platform,  and  kneels  down  for 
silent  prayer  behind  the  reading  desk. 

A  hymn  is  then  sung  in  IWmshean  by  the  congrega- 
tion, which  always  rises  in  singing.    Thereupon,  Mr. 
Duncan,  kneeUng  in  the  pulpit,  after  saying  in  Eiglish 
iiet  us  pray,"  offers  ap  earnest  prayer  in  TSimshean,  the 
congregation  aU  kneeling  in  their  seata. 

At  the  conclusion  of  this  prayer,  which  usuaUy  takes 
about  five  minutes,  the  audience  joins  with  him  in  the 
Lord's  Prayer,  also  in  Tsimshean.  Thereupon,  he  closes 
with  the  ApostoUc  benediction.  The  congregation  now 
sings  a  song  fh>m  Pentecostal  Hymns  Nos.  1  and  2, 
whereupon  the  church  choir,  consisting  of  twenty-fonr 
excellent  voices,  gives  an  anthem. 

Mr.  Duncan  rises,  approaches  the  reading  desk,  and 
again  kneels  down  for  a  very  short,  simple  prayer  in 
English,  the  audience  also  again  kneeling. 

He  thereupon  reads,  in  English,  the  text,  which  in  the 
forenoon  always  is  the  International  Sunday-school 
lesson,  tiie  audience  following  him  in  tiieir  Bibles.  Then 
he  begins  his  sermon,  always  in  Tsimshean.  He  firat 
paraphrases  tiie  portion  of  the  Scriptures  read,  in  TWm- 
shean,  taking  pains  to  make  it  very  plain  to  his  people, 
and  tiien  gives  them  the  message  which  God's  Word  has 
for  them  on  that  day. 

The  benign  fiioe  of  the  inspired  teacher  fiiirly  beams, 
.as  in  a  solemn  benediction.    It  seems  to  be  lit  up  bylS 


THE  «  CHRISTIAN  CHURCH  »  861 

light  ftom  heaven,  and  as  he  explains  and  reproves,  con- 
^  and  praises,  and  points  to  God's  help,  the  a^ted 
aoe  and  his  impressive  gesticulation  change,  so  that 
one,  even  though  not  understanding  a  word  of  the  hin- 
g^,  seems  to  be  able  to  follow  him  in  his  exposition, 

S^if^'iifT^  *°  ^'"^  °^^  ^^  understands  {he  won- 
deifnl  hold  he  has  on  his  people,  and  how  they  never  tire 
of  heanng  him  expound  the  Gospel  message. 
Ji  fact,  so  pronounced  are  his  earnestness,  sinceritv 

with  the  mort  serene  simplicity,  that  I  was  not  iurprisS 
to  bear  Mr.  Wallace  remark  that  he  felt  more  edifled  by 
i!^°^.K  ""  ';  'Mmshean,  a  language  he  did  not  under- 
^HRh.  *^    "°*°^   mimsteis    preach    in 

After  a  sermon,  of  about  three-quarters  of  an  hour,  he 
a^in  says :  "  I^t  us  pray,"  and  all  kneel  for  a  short 
prayer,  at  the  conclusion  of  which,  he,  as  well  as  the 
audience,  remains  kneeling  for  a  fraction  of  a  minute,  in 
silent  prayer     The  audience  now  files  out,  quietly  ind 

tt^  minds  and  in  their  hearts,  i^ect^d  in  their  solemn 

tn.^^  ^  S"  *'^*^°*^'  °°  '^"*"°«  «"o°K  these  chureh- 
members,  either  at  the  church  or  on  the  wfy  home.    You 

t^t^J^^  w'lfT'  *°^ '"  their reverentiildemeanour? 
th^  God's  Word  has  not  been  spoken  to  them  in  vain 
There  IS  no  room  for  levity. 

after  the  Word  has  been  sent  home  to  their  hearts.    For 

dlTTyl'*  "*""  ""°"^  ^ ""'  "^°^^°«  --*-'  ^y 

in"  ^J^  *^®  '^**  ^^'''^^  ^hen  he  at  an  early  day 
ltin«»ted  around,  and  preached  the  Gospel  in  their  differ- 
ent  viUages,  caused  him  to  order  his  men  to  have  his 


I     I 


362 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  AT.AftlTA 


canoe  ready,  so  that  he  could  start  immediately  after  the 
service  had  closed.  He  did  not  want  to  give  them  any 
opportunity  for  familiarity,  or  for  fraternizing  with  him. 
He  wanted  "to  leave  the  message,  and  remove  the  mes- 
senger" from  their  minds. 

In  the  afternoon,  at  3 :30,  the  natives  have  their  own 
service  in  the  church,  while  Mr.  Duncan  gathers  around 
him,  in  the  schoolroom,  the  smaller  children,  all  under 
twelve  years  of  age,  to  a  number  all  the  way  from  ninety 
to  one  hundred  and  fifty,  according  to  the  season,  and 
personally  conducts  their  Sabbath-school  service. 

On  Saturday  night  he  always  meets,  for  an  hour,  the 
Sunday-school  teachers,  and  goes  over  with  them  the  les- 
son for  the  next  d^y,  explaining  and  expounding,  and 
advising  them  how  best  to  teach  it,  so  that  they  are  duly 
prepared  for  their  duties  the  next  day. 

The  natives'  own  service  is  conducted  by  one  of  the 
elders,  chosen  by  his  fellows  for  each  service.  The  leader 
gives  out  a  hymn  from  Pentecostal  Hymns,  and  offers  a 
prayer  in  Tsimshean.  The  classes  then  separate,  and  the 
lesson  is  studied  by  each.  (A  photograph  of  the  women 
Sunday-school  teachers  at  Metlakahtla  is  foond  on  the 
opposite  page. 

Upon  reconvening,  the  leader  makes  a  short  address  on 
the  golden  text,  also  in  Tsimshean.  Another  hymn  is 
sung  in  English,  and  the  m<>eting  clones  with  prayer  by 
one  of  the  other  elders,  only  to  reconvene  again  in  a  few 
minutes  for  what  is  called  the  "  Young  People's  Gospel 
Hymn  Song  Service." 

And  now  the  Tsimshean  love  of  song  and  music  has  a 
feast.  It  is  most  edifying  to  see  with  what  vim  and  feel- 
ing they  sing,  one  after  the  other,  their  favourite  Gospel 
hymns.  And  at  almost  every  service  a  new  one  is  added 
to  the  list,  which  makes  their  hearts  swell,  and  their  voices 
idse  mightily  to  the  throne  of  God  in  song  and  praise. 


I    I 

I 


ill 


( 


il 


'I 

r 


7! 


THE  «  CHRISTIAN  CHURCH  "  868 

Christ flimished the subiectfe/^  ♦•     \ "** °*''^*" °' 

tion  of  the  TOh^«  *°^  *'°'®  "^«  ""^  transla- 

H«  hl^  r  ?^  °''  *°y  P"*  o^»*»  "to  their  laiiima« 
He  has  SDch  pious  veneration  for  the  old  ^/n^^' 

Wo^  tbeir  tongue  as  an  absolute  mutilation  of  t^r^^ 


i 


m 


li 


i\ 


864  THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 

Mandating  into  Tdmahean  the  Book  of  Common  Pmver 

SrS    ^  °'  *^®  **"'*  "  '«  absolutely  meanlngle*  to 
the  TBimaheans,  and  what  they  can  understand  ofit  par 
takes  rather  of  the  ridiculous  than  of  the  sublime,  inlta 
awkward  expressions  of  the  holy  thoughts. 

thfZf/n"''**  *^  Metlakahtla,  who  have  tried  to  use 

the  book,  fully  agree  with  him  in  his  views  in  this  regard! 

Any  one  looking  at  the  illustration  on  a  near-by  ^ 

ed^y  believe  that  the  large  book  above  the  preaching  p^at^ 
form  inscribed  "Holy  Bible"  is  carved  in  wood.  fC 
whatever  point  in  the  pews  it  is  looked  at,  it  has  all  the 
app««ujce  of  a  book  perfectly  carved  in  wiod.  But  ttS 
ia  an  optical  illusion,, caused  by  the  native  painter's  art 
and  makes  it  reaUy  a  greater  work  of  art  tiian  if  it  had 
been  <arved,  for  it  is  nothing  but  a  flat  piece  of  board, 
properly  painted  and  shaded.  ^^ 

The  paintings  in  the  two  fields  of  the  front  wall  like 
everything  in  the  church,  except  the  pipe  organ  and  toe 
gas  fixtures,  are  the  work  of  the  natives.  One  depicts  the 
announcement  by  the  angels  to  the  shepherds  at  Bethle- 
hem of  the  joyous  event  of  the  birth  of  the  Christ :  the 
other  the  visit  of  the  Magi  to  the  Christ  child.  A  the 
background,  bathed  in  the  rays  of  the  star,  loom  up  the 
w^ls  and  the  houses  of  the  little  city  of  Bethlehem. 

«J^!^?t.**  °°*«? '»»»'  "either  of  the  natives,  whohave 
produced  these  works,  have  had  any  instxucta^n  in  pain  * 

Z'^  fr  ?f^  " ^^''^'    Theirhandiworkissimply 
the  result  of  the  raw  native  talent    The  inlaid  work  on 
the  pulpit  is  very  tasteftaL 
In  the  rear  of  the  church,  near  the  entrance  door  is 

Sf  ^^i  "^r f  "  "*"^'^  ***>^«*  -  poli^S^'a^^ 
bH  recording  the  loss  to  the  church  of  David  Leask,  for 

many  years  one  of  il»  elders,  and  already  frequenUyi^!: 


THE  "CHRISTIAN  CHURCH"  865 

tioned  in  these  pages  as  one  of  Mr.  Duncan's  most  valned 

■wiatants  among  the  natives.  «"««  b  most  valued 

Undoubtedly  it  wiU  be  interesting  to  see  what  stand 

tion  of  the  two  sacraments,  so  long  the  subject  of  vital 
difference  between  him  and  the  Society. 

As  I  have  felt  that  on  this  subject  I  diould,  if  possible, 
aecure  Mr.  Duncan's  views  in  his  own  langiageTsoml 
hZ  ^Jr*\?''  "^^  ^"^  **>  «i^«  them*^m'e,\^?J 
evt  w?rr  *"•  "rr  *"  "*y  ^*"«^'  Pr^fecing  it,  how 

i^^iU,  ^  ^I  undeiBtanding  of  its  importance,  he 
lutrodnoed  among  them  the  sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Sup! 
pej  in  the  modified  form  in  which  itisnow  administ^ 

and  that  he  invariably  uses  the  unfermented  wine. 
It  may  here  be  stated  that  the  main  reason  why  he 

ZTr°^  T'"'"'  *"  '^"  administration  of  this^^ 
^L^  i  "f  °f  "^"^  ""'^^^  ">«  ^«"«  «•<!  ritual  pre- 
^h^^^*  t"*""*°  ^^"*'*''  ^d  »>y  »  priest  arraC 
in  his  robes  and  vestments,  was  that  he  was  afr^aM 

T^^T  ^*^°"' ««>d  "«on.  that  it  would  ^  inch 

ScL^fttL'T.'°''J'*.  '"'"'*"«  of  thepowe«anS 
f^^  ?     **'  °'^  medicine-men,  who,  apparelled  in 
their  blankets,  were  nothing  but  ordin«^  mJ^wih  or 
^pow«r;  but  upon  assuming  thdJ  robj^  he^. 
d««e^  necklaces,  and  rattles,  became,  in  thTln^ 
mind,  endowed  with  superhuman,  miraculous  ability 
Mr.  Duncan  says : 

Jdttfl  ***•*''*  ll^^i  ^^^^  »"  Christ  should  precede  baotism 
""8  1  reply,  we  can  dedicate  assuredly  to  God  what  wiU  obey 


') 


f 


866  THE  APOSTLE  OP  ALASKA 

of'ir!!'.?'*  V?  »''*»''hich  «aui  resist  our  will,  having  »  ^iu 

gold  to  God,  ancT  the  gold  wa  used  for  God's  tiinple  buL  i? 
Ee  ever  undertook  to  dedicate  Ab«Uom  to  God,  hJ?  Jrf  to.i 
and  mourn  over  his  failure.  Each  individualhls  a  wUJ  ,SS 
^!^^  ^1^**  r^'  "^  commaSd.  buTl/S 

£sr:Tr«ocT;t*  •  ""'*^  ^  "^  ^"^^  '*"^-- 

fer"tlll'"!:-w  *•**![•  "*  "°  <*°  ''=*  children,  is  what  was  done 
fcrjhe  chUdren  who  were  brought  to  Chris!  and  rSeTv^  Hta 

SrtSfn  Jhn  i^i^^-  ■*  *•"*  *'»«  ''^  »>»P»'"ng  more  peo- 
-ln!2  J"*^  *.••*  f^P**^'  *•  "e  told,  but,  surelyfif  cWld^ 
h^  fci"«  '"'r  »»«^'  ?•  »«"  "  *dults,  the  discipS  wouldJS 

SnSSd  onThl  k'  •"*  ''?"'*  '5*  importance  of  thlTstep  s  im- 
F«»ed  on  them,  bring  those  of  their  children  bom  during  the 
past  year  to  church  at  our  morning  service     aImcMt^J^^ 

foSSS?     '''""*'  '  "^  ^  commemoratelhe  ocS2«,  „ 


y 


Onr  Lord  Jesu  Christ  uid: 
come  nnto  Me." 


«  Suffer  little  childrea  to 


K»_ 


_..jwhen  an  infant 

were  brought  into  the  Church  at  Metla- 
Kahtla,  Alaska,  on  the  day  of. 

your  behalf 


Ete^         "*  ^~"  Chri*.  whom  to  know  i.  Life 


THE  «CHRISTUN  CHURCH"  867 

"  When  the  children  arrive  at  nuturitv.  «  daM  of  r.wk.. 

I  M*  «/-    memonal,  and  Christians  are  to  partake  of  it—but 

t»  -m2.'  P'**^*  *l"**  *'"«  »  y«»'.  only  at  evenine  service 

C^m^'s^,}''''  "^  '•'^  *^«^«  '°  pSS^fteTtS 


11 


I 


:i 


ir 


I 

.'I 


/.* 


XLII 

THE  GRAND  OLD  MAN 

THE  fame  of  the  mission  of  MeUakahtla  has 
travelled  all  over  Alaska,  and  it  is  now  gen- 
erally recognized  as  the  only  sucoessfal  mission- 
aiy  undertaking  in  all  the  great  Northland. 

Even  those  in  Alaska,  who  have  no  nse  for  chnrohea, 
and  no  fUth  in  missionaries,  priests  or  ministers,  make 
an  exception  of  "Father  Doncan,"  as  he  is  generally 
caUed  in  the  great  Northwest  The  roughest  miner,  the 
most  godless  gambler,  the  most  arrant  infidel,  will  take 
his  hat  oflr  to  him.  That  is  merely  an  evidence  of  the 
general  lespect  with  which  a  great,  unselfish  but  success- 
m  Christian  man  and  his  accompliahmenta  inspire  every- 
body,  even  though  they  be  not  believing  Christians. 

If  Mr.  Duncan  should  be  asked  for  his  views  as  to  why 
Metiakahtla  has  proven  such  a  contrast  to  the  pronounced 
feilures  surrounding  it»  he  would,  undoubtedly,  after  hav- 
ing insisted  on  giving  God  the  glory,  first  and  last,  say : 
First:    I  have  always,  from  the  first,  given  these 
natives  the  Gospel  message  in  tiieir  own  language;  I 
never  would  speak  to  them,  either  through  an  inter- 
rupter* or  in  the  trading  Jargon.* 
"Second :    I  have  kept  out  all  sects  and  denomina- 
*  Hia  way  of  spelling  interpreter. 

»  A  bidio^  who  onoe  addreend  eome  Indiana  throngb  an  interpreter 
who  epoke  Chinook,  oould  appreciate  the  broad  grin  he  observed  on  the 

A        ,    «^f~^  '*  *'"  *™°'^t«o'»  Of  «>«  fl"t  two  woida  in  hia  ad- 
drea.  in   'ChliHwk,"  when  he  afterwarda  learned  that  "Children  of 

i!  S"!!;  w^'  •*'  *^  lnten?"ter,  been  given  aa  "  little  men  among 
"»  big  atioka."  ^ 

368 


THE  GRAND  OLD  MAN  869 

tioiMl  nde.  We  are  simply  'Chrirtlana,'  nothloff  eW 
«k  mouMMu^  ibe  Word  of  God  baa  united  na,  not 
?  «  np  into  partiem  and  we  love  and  tra^  i 
evangelical  ChrlBtlana  aa  our  brethren. 

flnenoe  of  the  Gospel  away  ftx>m  heathen  and  bad  white 

ISST'T  ^  ^^'  *•  "*""**  "  P«^'>^«'  k«»PJ»«  them 
o^  ^tf  "J""^"  nnoontamlnated  by  bad  associations." 
To  this  I  would  like  to  add  a  ftarther  reason  for  the 

•ucceas  of  Methikahtla,  vit : 
Fourth:    The  combination,  so  rare,  that  it  beoomea 

almost  miraculous,  of  an  excellent  Christian  preacher 

^«d  With  the  Holy  Ghost,  and  a  fl^S,  p^S 

budnew  man,  in  the  perwn  of  the  missiona^n  chaivT 
Mr.  Dunwn  has,  naturally,  after  his  sad  experienoe. 

no  use  for  Missionary  Societies,  or  Miasionary^oarts! 

According  to  his  idea,  successful  missions,  fostered  under 

"i^^.^fu?*  *^'*'  °°*  "J""''*^  '^"  ^or  even 
"iKwr  hoe,"  but  "  in  spite  of  hoe." 

a  ^H^IT^S^  i'  !?  ^^"^  °'^°"  *»  °~  conducted  by 
miSITn^  'nSi'"^"*  missionary,  selected  fh>m  the 
midrt  of  a  Ohriattan  congregation,  and  supported  by  it, 

2^  .^"h""^  ^^  *r  °'  "''^  congregations  who  L- 
dude  to  do  this  work  together.  He  thinks  that  with 
direct  communication  thus  continuously  existing  between 
Sf  JJ^"*^?"*"  ^""^  preferably  between  individual 
Sf^M™  !S  1*°^  """  missionary,  far  better  results  will 

wwl  ^  ,fT  ^^  **•*  P'^"*  ^"'P'^  machinery, 
which  natarally  has  a  tendency  to  foster  a  spirit  of  intw! 

vention,  dictatorialness,  and  short  authority  in  the  ex- 

ecutive  board,  which  must  have  anything  but  a  healthy 

eflbot  oa  the  growth  of  a  Christian  mission. 

****** 

*u?°i^*,^^  ^^  *°''"'®^»  ^'-  ^"««>  al^ys  makes  me 
think  of  Paul  the  Apostle  to  the  Gentiles. 


870 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


Not  onlj  in  bia  mmtal  nwke-ap  ud  •plmdld  dttermi* 
DAtioD,  bat  in  bis  ftppevanoe^  tbere  is  som^bing  tbat  re- 
minds ma  of  tbe  pictore  I  oany  in  my  mind  of  tb«  great 
Apostle. 

abort  of  stature,'  stocky,*  a  strong  bald  bead,* 
a  ftall,  wbite  beard,  sparkling,  brigbt,  bine  eyes,  and 
mddy  cbeeks,  like  a  bonny  oonntry  lassie,— tbere  is 
socb  a  virility,  snob  ooorage,  and  snob  yontbftU  power 
emanating  from  bim,  tbat  it  seems  almost  incredible  tbat 
tbe  snows  of  seventy-siz  winters  bare  fkllen  on  bis  de- 
voted bead. 

Wben  yoa  observe  tbe  erect  carriage,  tbe  elastic  step, 
tbe  almost  electric  activity,  and  wben  tbe  fire  of  tbe 
QMrkling,  langbing  eyes  ligbts  yonrs,  and  yoa  bear  tbe 
sonorons,  persnasiv^  voice,  relating  some  interesting  in- 
cident in  his  wonderfbl  life,  yoa  simply  nfam  to  believe 
tbat  any  more  tban,  at  tbe  oatside,  fifty  years  can  bave 
been,  so  fsr,  tbe  span  of  bis  life. 

Ton  ftally  believe  bim  wben  be  tells  yoa  tbat  be  has 
never  been  sick  in  bed  for  a  day  of  bis  long  hie.  He 
is  indeed  a  walking  evangel  of  tbe  simple  llfe^  and  shows 
it  in  every  ftatorok 

*»*♦*♦ 

No  one  who  has  eqjoyed  tbe  privilege  of  sitting  nnder 
tbe  spell  of  his  conversational  powers  will  ever  be  able 
to  forget  tbe  impression  made  npon  bim.  And  if  tbat  is 
tbe  case  with  as,  who  only  have  beard  him  converse  in 
English,  what  most  it  be  to  those  who  can  ondentand- 
ingly  listen  when  he  converses  in  Trimsbean,  tbe  Ian- 

'  He  to  only  8  feet  (4  inoiics  tall. 

'Hto  weight  to  sbont  166  poandi. 

*TIm  little  hair  npudainy  to  m  white  m  mow. 


:  *   to  »    ^  .  b  *-  • 


THE  GRAND  OLD  MAN  an 

riNJB^iii  which  he  hiiDMlf  M7I  he  both  thinks  and 


fc^*  {^♦k"'?^  ta  writ  inl^rge  letters  all  over  hit 
t*M.  And  the  glad  milee  of  the  children  of  Metlakahtla. 
when^th«y  oome  into  the  wndiine  of  hi.  eye.,  bear  wit 

Mr.  and  Mrfc  Wallace  tell  me,  that  daring  the  ten 
year,  they  have  Uved  with  him  a.  everyday  companion* 
year  in  and  year  ont,  he  ha.  never  q>okea  a  cio«  word/ 

A  man  with  a  temper  a.  .weet  a.  that,  onght  to  be 

II!;;;!!   M  ^\^  ^  "'**"«*''  otherwl*,  and  i.  a  con- 
armed  old  bachelor. 


/ 


One  evraing,  fonr  year,  ago,  a.  we  »t  one  moonlit 
night  on  the  verandah,  and  a  spell  of  r^miniwenoe  came 
ova  him,  I  wippose,  he  said  that  if  any  one,  when  he 
was  <!^e°t7  years  of  age  or  so,  should  have  told  him  that 
hewo^d  live  hta  life  as  an  old  bachelor  and  never  gJt 
married,  he  would  have  Uraghed  heartUy  at  their  icno- 
lanoe.  ^ 

JIL^,  "?;  ?*•"*  "*  acquaintanoee  among  the 
yonng  ladies,"  he  »^d,  "and,  while  I  probably^er 

^^^kJ°"  ^°°»*^,f^l  ^^y  'to  love,'  thei^  we«» 

■ode^,  and  do  to  this  day.  Daring  the  fiiS  ten  or  even 
twenty  years  of  my  sojourn  among  the  Indians,  my 
friends  in  Victoria  were  very  busy  tiying  to  find  a  help- 
mate  for  me.  Some  of  them  even  went  so  &r  as  to  send 
^^  ^r  *!;*y  ^*«d  «»«  to  many,  on  trips  up  the 
coast    But  whils  I   f  course  appreciated  their  kindness. 

T  r^^^T**  *'*''*  preferred  to  make  my  own  choice,  if 
I  had  felt  w  incUned." 


•    I 


1  I 


872 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


After  a  short  silenoe : 

"  I  even  had  a  love-letter  once.  Would  you  believe 
it  t  A  lady  in  Yictoria  wrote  me  that  she  had  admired 
me  from  the  first  day  she  had  heard  of  my  work,  and  still 
more  so  after  she  met  me,  and  that  she  would  gladly  have 
become  my  wife,  and  joined  me  in  my  work,  had  I  asked 
her.  But  that  I  had  never  asked.  That  she,  before  she 
on  the  morrow  was  to  become  another  honourable  man's 
wife,  thought  she  would  close  these  pages  of  her  life  by 
telling  me  what  her  feelings  had  been. 

"And  she  was  no  old  maid,  neither,"  he  added  with 
a  humorous  twinkle  in  his  eye.  "She  was  a  fine-look- 
ing young  girl,  and  a  very  good  woman.  I  guess  she 
wanted  me  to  know  what  I  had  missed." 

"  Would  you  mind  telling  me  the  real  reason  you  never 
married  t "  I  askal  "  Was  it  not  because  your  experi- 
ence with  Mra  Tugwell,  the  first  lady  missionary  sent 
out  to  you,  pr^ndiced  you  against  all  women  1 " 

"  Oh,  no,"  he  said,  "  I  had  better  sense  than  that    I 
knew  very  well  there  were  a  few  of  them  who  could  make 
biscuits.    But  I  made  up  my  mind  that  I  could  not  oon- 
scientionsly  ask  any  refined  woman  to  come  up  and  share 
my  lonely  life  among  the  Indians,  hundreds  of  mileefix>m 
all  the  comforts  of  life.    I  knew  well  enough  that  I  could 
ask  no  one  else  to  make  the  sacrifice  I  made.    I  knew 
that  nothing  would  have  been  so  precious  to  me  as  hu- 
man sympathy  and  interest  in  my  work  ;  no  greater  help 
to  me  than  to  have  some  one  share  my  sorrows  and 
troubles,  as  well  as  my  joys  and  my  glorious  experiences. 
But  I  also  knew,  that  what  was  promised  in  enthusiasm 
might  be  rued  after  years  of  hard  trial,  and  that  the  time 
might  come  when  I  might  be  compelled  to  give  up  my 
life-work  at  the  solicitation  of  a  wife  who  had  become 
tired  of  the  tribulations  of  a  career  among  the  Indians. 
In  brief,  I  made  up  my  mind  that  my  life-work  was  of 


THE  GRAND  OLD  MAN 


878 


greater  importance  to  me  than  domestic  happiness ;  and 
80 1  pnrsned  my  solitnde.  And  still,  I  am  wrong  in  call- 
ing it  solitude.  God  was  with  me.  Do  you  know,  when 
I  returned  to  England  in  1886,  and  met  an  agnostic, 
who  expressed  doubt  about  God's  existence,  I  said  to 
him: 

"Sir,  do  not  talk  that  way  to  me.  I  have  been  in 
God's  presence  during  my  solitude  among  the  savages. 
There  have  been  times  when  ""elt  God's  very  presence— 
when,  it  seemed  to  me,  that  1  even  saw  His  face." 

And  as  Mr.  Duncan's  eyes  glowed  when  he  said  it,  and 
as  his  face  shone  in  the  moonlight,  I  really  believed  that 
he  had.  I  thought  I  could  see  in  it  the  reflection  of 
Jahve's  glory. 


i 


/ 


Like  every  old  bachelor,  of  course  Mi*.  Duncan  has  his 
peculiarities.  Thus,  he  allows  no  person  to  come  into 
his  bedroom.  For  these  many  years  he  has  persisted  in 
making  his  own  bed,  and  himself  takes  care  of  his  imme- 
diate belongings.  Even  his  ofQce  must  be  free  from 
female  interferonce.  It  is  only  on  rare  occasions,  when 
he  has  been  away,  perhaps  once  every  four  or  five  years, 
that  Mrs.  Wallace  has  had  the  privil^;e  of  dusting  and 
cleaning  it,  and  putting  things  in  order. 

But,  after  such  a  house-cleaning,  it  takes  him  quite  a 
while  until  he  gets  everything  back  into  that  beautifUl 
disorder,  the  mixture  on  floor  and  chairs,  and  shelves, 
and  tables,  of  books  and  boxes,  and  papers,  and  letters, 
which  enables  him  to  flnd  anything  he  wants,  when  he 
wants  it,  because  he  remembers  just  where  he  put  it,  and 
how  many  other  layers  have  been  placed  above  it,  for  he 
has  a  memory  which  seems  almost  superhuman.  He  not 
only  practically  knows  the  whole  Bible  by  heart,  but  he 
can  reel  off  whole  sentences  from  books  that  he  has  I'ead 


874 


THE  APOSTLE  OF  ALASKA 


perhaps  years  ago,  and  recite  hymns  and  songs  at  ple_ 
nre.  Names  of  the  most  insignificant  persons  whom  he 
has  met  once  in  his  life,  forty,  fifty,  or  even  sixty,  yean 
ago,  seem  to  come  as  readily  to  his  tongae  as  if  they 
were  impressed  on  his  mind  but  yesterday. 


One  day,  some  three  years  ago,  I  stood  near  him  on  the 
dock  at  MeUakahtla,  as  the  S^fokane,  with  a  large  nomber 
of  excnrsionists,  was  abont  getting  away.  A  kind- 
hearted,  elderly  lady,  who  had  shown  gnat  interest  in 
the  work,  asked  him  : 

'  *  What  have  you  done  about  a  successor  t    What  is  to 
become  of  this  glorious  work  when  you  die  f  " 
He  did  not  answer  in  words. 

The  index  finger  tof  his  right  hand  was  lifted  on  high, 
pointing  up  into  the  sky  above. 

It  was  not  done  for  effect.  I  saw  a  glorious  ray  of  fidth 
in  his  eye.  I  then  beUeved  that  God  would  provide.  I 
still  so  believe. 

And  yet,  I  betray  no  professional  secrot,  for  Mr.  Dun- 
can has  himself  spoken  of  it  to  the  Indians,  when  I  say, 
that  he  has,  to  my  knowledge,  in  his  will  provided  that 
all  he  owns  in  the  world  is  after  his  death  to  go  into  the 
hands  of  three  intimate  fdends,  to  be  by  them  held  in 
trust  for  the  benefit  of  the  Indians,  for  the  purpose  of 
maintaining  among  them  the  same  Christian  work,  in  the 
same  spirit  as  it  has  by  him  been  carried  on. 

We  all  hope  and  trust,  however,  that  God  will 
give  him  many  yean  of  life  and  of  work  to  His  gloiy 
yet 

But  when  the  time  comes— when  his  life-work  shall  be 
ended,  and  God,  the  Almighty  Father,  shall  want  him  to 
come  home,  I  hope  it  will  be  his  good  fortune  to  look  for 
tiie  last  time  into  the  indescribably  rich  beauty  of  a  ^ 


i 


THE  GRAND  OLD  MAN  375 

riona  Alaska  sanset,  and  that  the  Lord  of  Hoeta,  as  He 
took  Elijah  of  old,  will  send  down  His  chariot  of  fire  in 
which  to  take  to  the  paradise  of  the  Christ,  above  the 
■unlit  clouds,  His  venerable,  lovable  servant, 

William  Duncan, 
"  Tke  ApotOe  0/ AUuka,** 


J 


',- 


I 


MAP  OF  SOUTHEASTERN  ALASKA 


Index 


Aboard  the  nuuM>f-war,  19 
Active  PaM,  deKription  of,  47 
Acton  and  •pealcen,  born,  are  the 
Tiimshean  men  and  women,  340 
Addreu  in  Ttimihean.  127 
Adultery,  punUhment  for,  83 
Advancement,  temporal,  175 
Agnostic,  Mr.  Duncan'*  argument 

with  an,  44,  85 
Agweelakkah'i  villan  on  the  Nau 
River,  144;  the  Chiefs  praver, 
146 
Ainuetka  vs.  Skigahn,  311 
Alaska  climate,  334,  335 
Alaska,  Governor  of,  389,  317 
Alaska  Indians,  battle  with,  65; 
Metlakahtla  natives  decide  to  re- 
move with  Mr.  Duncan  to  Alaska, 
388-390 
Alaska,  Southeastern,  author's  tour 

in.  7.  84.  330*  340,  348 
Alaskan  Archipelago,  388 
Alert  Bay,  Rev.  A.  J.  Halt  at,  349, 

356 
Alexander  Archipelago,  389 
Alford,  Dr.,  of  Highbury  College, 
30,  35 ;  sees  Mr.  Duncan  off  at 
nymouth  for  his  Alaskan  mission 
field,  37 
Alkali    deposits,   use   of  by   the 

Tsimsheans  as  soap,  71 
Amgets,  the,  89 
Amcoh  steamer,  391 
Annette  Islands,  i&g,  290,  338 
Anniversary,  fiftieth,  of  Mr.  Dun- 
can's arrival  at  Fort  Simpson, 
3*5  , 
"Apostle    of  Alaska,"  The,    16; 

(see  under  Duncan) 
Apostolic    benediction    in    Tsim- 

shean,  305,  343, 344 
Appetite,  inordinate,  of  Indian  for 
intoxicating  liquors,  353 


"  Armadale,"  Senator  MacDonald's 

home,  385 
Athabaskan    Indians   around    the 

Yukon,  61 
Athletic  sports,  Tsimsheans  kveis 

of,  340 
Atkinson,  Alfred,  383 
Atlantis,  in  the  Pacific,  63 
Attendance  at  .church,  in  1860-61, 

147 ;  •t  Mhool,  r48 
At  the  Fort  (Simpson),  51 
Author  (Dr.  ArcUmler)  u  received 

and  entertained  by  Mr.  Duncan, 

L;   spends  vacations   at  Metla- 
khtU,   where    he    writes    his 
book,  7 
Aztecs,  ancient,  traces  of  the  peculi- 
arities of,  63 

Babbl,    Towbr    or,    Tsimshean 

legend  of,  63 
Bachelor,  Mr.  Duncan  a  confirmed, 

„ '84.  37".  373 
Back  in  Old  Eneland,  317 
Baines,  Moses,  deporution  of,  383 
Ballot  box,  the  button  in  the,  183 
Band,  Mr.  Duncan  acquires  instru- 
ments for  native,  335 
Band  stand  at  Metlakahtk,  Alaska, 
«337 
Bands,  reed   and  string,  etc.,  at 

Metlakahtla,  337 
Banking,  Tsimshean  mode  of,  78 
Baptism  of  the  Tsimsheans,  149 
Baptism,  Mr.  Duncan's  custom  as 
to,  149,  150;  his  later  views  on, 
364;  ordinance  of,  Bishop  Rid- 
ley's liberal    administration   of, 
353 
Baptize  converts,  Mr.  Duncan  did 
not,  150 


■ 


i 


%%1 


878 


INDEX 


Barter  Wtem.  etrly,  al  H«dion'i 

Bay  Co.'i  itoret,  66 
Baseball  nine,  340 
Basket-making,  347 
Battle  between  good  aitd  erll,  itorv 

<'f  the,  109,  II]  ' 

-  Baitleship."  Mr.  Duncan's  331 
Beecher.  Rev.  Henry  Ward/aWr 
Begbie,   Sir  Matthew,  his   speech 

at  murder  trial,   193;    decision 

against  Indian    righu    to  their 

lands,  283 

Behind  the  Walls  itS 

Behring,  Captain,  \isit  of  in  1741, 

Benevolent  fund,  303 
Benson,  Edward,  391 
Beverley  Minster,  31 
Beverley,  Yorkshire,  England,  Mr. 
Duncan's  birthpUce.  so;    here 
he  first  heard  the  call  to  be  a 
missionary,  37,  33 ;  returns  on  a 
visit  to  in  1870,  333 
Bible,  King  James*  version,  363; 
no  translation  of  into  Tsimshean. 
.363 
Bible  chus  among  bluejackeU  on 

board  ship,  41 
Bible  classes  for  both  sexes,  33 1 
Bilgula  Indians  of  British  Colum- 
bia. 61 
Birthdav     of    New     Metlakahtla 

(Alaska),  393 
Births  and  deaths  at  Metlakahtla. 
Alaska,  331  ^ 

Biscuiu,  Mrs.  TngweU  unable  to 

make,  143 
Bjorason,  Hans,  convicted  of  sell- 
ing liquor  to  Indians,  sic 
BUck  flag,  the  ,93,  ,94 
Black  letter  day  for  village  and 

mission  of  Metlakahtla,  350 
Blacksmith  shop  at  old  Metlakahtla, 

lol 

Bloodshed,  none    for  forty  years, 

Bloodthirstiness  and  savage  cruelty. 

scene  of.  56 
Blow,  the  last.  279 
BInett-Duncan,  Dr.  J.  D.,  389, 390 


Bolton,  Jacob,  avc 

Bompas,  W.  G.,  Bishop  of  Aibm- 

ba»ka  340.  348,  3^9 
Boolc  of  Common  Prayer  tranalatcd 

B«»th,  Mrs.   Lucy  A.,  of  Metta- 
luntU,  legends  related  by,  103, 

Boys'  Home  ( edocational  bnildias) 
•!  Metlakahtla,  the,  316       ^' 

Boyd,  Thomas,  318 

Brands  of  salmon  canned  at  Metla- 

kahtla,  Alaska,  «6 
Bnss  band,  Mr.  Duncan  acquira 
instnimenu  for,  335:  learu 
gamut  of  thirty  instruments  aa6  j 
now  the  Indians  learned  to  pby 
the,  336,  337;  furnishes  choice 
music,  336;  concert  tour  of,  337 
Bread  and  water  diet.  Mr.  Din- 

can's  40 
Breeding  ground  of  salmon,  351 
Bnck  kiln.  Mr.  Duncan  sUru  one 

at  Metlakahtla.  181 
British  Columbia  Province,  43 
British  Columbia  Government.  aSt 
Brooks,  Bishop  Phillips  a8« 
Brown's  Passage,  54 
Building  lots  and  houses  new.  at 

New  Metlakahtla,  331 
Butler,   Captain,  of   Uie  Western 

Union  Telegraph  Co.,  166 
Button  in  the  ballot  boa,  th«,  183 


Call,  Mr.  Duncan's  to  undertake 

mission  work.  16 
Call.  Indians  unanimous,  that  Mr. 

Duncan     should    remain    their 

preacher  and  teacher,  364 
Call.  Mr.  Duncan's  acceptance  of 

to  continue  mission  work.  266 
Call  of  the  Lord,  15:  of  the  home 

land,  333 

^J**"'  Adolphus  legend  related 

by,  62 ;  deportation  of.  383 
Campbell.  Sidney.  336 
Candle  fish  (see  Oolakan) 
Cannery  at    Metlakahtla.  Aladta. 
^  3'6,  354  —««, 

Cannibal  dubs  S9. 91,  itj 


INDEX 


879 


CuinlM  of  Mlmon.  proeaM  oi;  35 1  > 

work  in  ouiiMrjr,  35J 
Canoe  building,  now  cclipMd  bv 

white  inan'f  boat.  347 
Canoe  tong,  319 
Caaoe  tripa,  Mr,  Duncan  on.  143 
Cape  Mudge.  Mr.  Duncan  aeei  Ant 

totem- pole  at,  47 
Care/iaa,  the,  Mr.  Dnncan'a  trad- 
ing Khooner,  178 
Carpenter'*  shop  darted,  181 
Carr,  Re».  A.  T.,  vicar  of  Bewr- 
^ley.  15.  I8,a3(  death  of,  37 
Cen»u»  of  the  people,  Mr.  Duncan 
take*  one,  1 19  j  new  cenioi,  jWk 
33« 
Ceremnniet,  marriage,  73, 74 ;  after 

death,  75 
Chantrel,  Mr.,  a  ichoolmaster,  atj 
Chapman,  Mr.,  of  the  Church  Mia- 

aionarj  Society,  aS 
Chapman,  Rer.  J.  A.,  Methodist 

preacher  of  Keichilcan,  326 
Chief  Quthray,  head  of  the  canni- 
bal club,  137;  refusei  to  kneel 
at  Mr.  Dnncan'a  church  senrice. 

Chieri,  some,  abandon  their  uMdi- 

cine  work,  138 
Cliild  in  the  moon,  legend  of  the. 

100 
Children  brought  to  church  to  be 

prayed  for,  331 
Chinook   language,    Mr.    Duncan 

pcks  up  first  knowledge  of  at 

Victoria,  B.  C,  4s ;  not  used  for 

preaching.  57 
Cnnstian  TilUge,  a,  151 
"Christian    Church*    at    Metla- 

kahtla,    Alaska,    358;    cost   of, 

331 ;  undenominational,  358 
CAristian  Mistiomory  InttUigtnetr, 

Christmas  Day,  "the  great  dress- 
My.  136.  29" ;  first  celebration 
W'  3>o.  i^l  \  1888,  services  of, 
393 

Church  building,  new,  at  Metla- 
kahtla,  built  by  voluntary  contri- 
butions, 59,  170.  331,  331 

i-bnrch  manual  printed,  305 


Church  MiMiowurT  Society.  The 
«,  IS.  a«,  14s.  iTo,  333,  1481 
dlsplavs  a  more  churchly  spirit, 
340 ;  letter  to  Mr.  Duncan,  dis- 
rupting relations,  363 

Citizenship,  native,  318 

Clah,  o.-  Legaic's  tribe,  aids  Mr. 
Duncan  in  acquiring  a  knowledge 
of  the  Tsimahean  tongue.  57, 59 ; 
accompanies  Mr.  Duncan  when 
the  Utter  delivers  hit  first  gospel 
message,  133 

Clan  diviskm,  intertribal,  among 
the  Tsimsheans,  lodges  or  clubs 
of,  initiation  of  by  medicine-meB, 
00 

Clarence  Strait,  334 

Cleveland,  President,  389 

Climate   of   Metlakahtla,   Alaska, 

3*7. 334.  335 

Ck>g  manufactory  sUrted  at  Metla- 
kahtla, 330 

Clubs  of  cannibals,  dog-eaters,  etc., 

Coast  Indians  of  British  Colnnbia, 
the,  61 ;  their  wars  with  the  In- 
dians of  the  interior,  65 ;  fiir  in 
advance  of  the  Indians  of  the 
plains,  61 

Collins  accused  of  whiskey-selling, 

Collison,  Rev.  W.  H.,  missionary  at 
Kincolith,  147  ;  comes  from  Eng- 
land  as  schoolmaster,  33a;  Mr. 
and  Mrs.,  333;  Mr.,  358,  367, 
^73 

Columbia,  diocese  of,  division  <tf  in 
1879,  250 

Columbian  Archipelago,  48 

Comforter  from  heaven,  favourite 
trysting-places  of  the,  15 

Common  Prayer,  Book  of,  in  Tsim- 
shean,  364 

Conferencesof  mission  workers,  357 

Constable,  office  of  at  old  Metla- 
kahtla, and  numbers,  156,  158, 
161 

Constitution  for  new  community. 
299 

Contenu  and  Illustrations,  11-14 
Cook,  Captain,  63 


880 


INDEX 


Oxuin,    Mr.   Dubcm's   oU   «». 

Crcuion  of  nun,  io« ;  of  Um  world, 

Crematinf  of  Indian  dMd.  yc 
Crwu  dtlnt  tht  bondTof  Indiwi 

conMnguinitv.  87  ^^ 

Cridg,   ffe».  fedward,  of  VIetori., 

f;  C.  4St  46;  baptiwa  Indian 

eonjjtm  and  children  at  Metla. 

■MUa,  173;  wiu  Indian  hearta. 

173  J  qtiarrel  witli  Bialiop  Hilli, 

*^?'ajr  "'■•  "^  '"*  ^•"''«»' 
&uii«'of  firt  hondrMl  milea,  a,  xaB 

Cwhwalit  threatens  Itfr.  Duncan's 
"1..'f  -"••  •choolhowe.^: 
pnWicly  flogged  for  diootiLfc  tss 

CoMomt.   pjcttliar.  of  the  TTiim. 

heirtooma,  alw   marriage   cere- 
"onfei,  ftineral  cnttom^  potlatch 


'^*f  •»"«  •«  month  of  Lake  in  the 
Cloudt,  319 

"Mice,  Mr.  Duncan  aslted  to  a. 
•45 ;  hi«  icruplea  in  accepting, 

Dawwn,  Hon.  H.  R.,  United  Sutes 
u>inminioner  of  Education  aoi 
Day  «t  Metlaluhtla,  a.  jm        ^ 
Dead,  cremation  of  the  InSiaa,  jt 
^th,  ceremomes  after,  7  c 
Death  rate  among  childieiL  vu 
Declaration  of  MetJakahlkrAEkal 
rewdents.  399  ^"~"' 

Dedication,  5 
Delegation  to  Ottawa,  380 
Denominational  rule  and  all  sectL 
Mr.  Duncan  opposed  to»  358 


DeaetBt,  law  o<;  74 

D«|roying  prepay.  „ 

DeWl  abrwd,  the— Mr.  DuMW'k 

life  threatened,  ijo,  i-V^^ 
Deiril's  Thumb,  the  (a  i      ^^ain}, 

Diaries,   Mr.    Duncan's    treasure- 

chests,  8;    estractt    from.  laflL 

»34.3«> 
Diffidence,  Mr.  Duncan's,  41 
Discovery  Passage,  British  C6lu» 

Ma  waters,  47 
Dismissal    of    Mr.    Duncan    bv 

U«  Church  Missionary  Sode^ 

Diwrder  of   Mr.    Duncan's   dea. 

Distribution  of  Meilakahtla  lota. 

Divorces  unknown,  34/S 

DlMj  EntrwK.,  51761.  65,  .90^ 

Docket,    froa    Judge    Duncan's, 

Doctefa  at  Metlakahtla,  «ox  laS 
Dog-e«ef.'dBb,89.ili;'^^" 
Donations    from     Mr.    Duoeaa't 
fnends,a3a  **»»«»■  s 

DooJan,  Rer.  R.  A.,  eonducU  mi*, 
■ton  at  Kincolith,  1471  amlM 
Kuinwoch,  ai8        ■•/»—»« 

Douglas,  Governor  Sir  James,  of 
V|«oria.B.C.43.44,ua;^(J 

Drew  of  Kfctlakahth  women.  t4c 
Drunken   brawl*   on  decre^  in 
camp,  137 

Drunkenness  fsthert  strength,  ico 

^^"i'^rJ^"^'  »'  Fort  SinS 
son,  half-bieed  chief,  353  ^ 

▼i«    to  Metlakahtk,  aje;  a, 
Mdian   Govemor-Geneil,' rti, 

Dw««i,  Wflliam.  receives  and  ea- 
tertams  author   at  Metlakahtk, 

tog  tabl«-talkao4  7;  truthful  i» 


INDEX 


881 


port  of  and  docvmtnts  drawn 
iroffl,  8;  hi*  coatenilon  with 
Bitbop  Ridlty  and  the  Church 
MiHtourv  bociatjr,  8;  hear* 
call  to  miMioaarjr  work  at  Btv< 
•rlcy,  Yorluhirc,  |6 ;  accepU  call 
and  comrounicalM  with  Church 
MiMioiiarjr  Society,  i8 ;  hto  birth 
and  tarlv  career  at  Beverley,  ao; 
lingi  solo  partt  in  the  Miuler, 
»t  i  employed  in  a  tannery,  aa  t 
hit  argument  with  an  agnoatic, 
Mi  preaches  hii  first  sermon, 
a6  i  communicates  with  and  later 
calls  on  the  Church  Missionarr 
Society,  aS;  refuses  business  ad- 
vancement, ao ;  has  two  yean' 
training  at  Highburr  College, 
90 ;  accepts  field  of  mission  work 
in  Alaska,  and  seu  off  in  a  war- 
ship from  Plymouth,  37;  his 
mode  of  life  on  board,  40;  ar- 
rires  June  13,  1857,  at  Victoria, 
B.  C,  and  has  interview  there 
with  Governor  Douglas  of  the 
Hudaoo's  Bay  Co.,  4a,  43 ;  in- 
■ists  on  proceeding  to  Port 
Simpson,  but  first  ^icks  ap  a 
knowledge  of  the  Chinook  lan- 
guage, 4j ;  a  Tsimshean  Indian 
>  him  in 


this,  45 ;  makes 
friendly  acquaintance  with  Rec- 
tor (later  Bishop)  Cridge  at  Vic- 
toria, 46 ;  proceeds  on  the  steam- 
ship Otttr  for  Fort  Simpson  and 
arrives  there  October  1,  1857, 
CO ;  makes  acquaintance  with  n» 
future  wards,  the  Tsimshean  In- 
dians and  their  head  chief  Legaic, 
K3 ;  acquires  a  knowledge  of  the 
Isimshean  tongue,  57  {  behind 
die  walls,  1 18;  inveighs  against 
the  breaking  of  the  Sabbath, 
118;  delivers  his  first  gospel 
message,  laa,  ia4;  teaches 
Tsimuiei;n  children  and  builds 
achoolhoose,  139;  his  life  threat- 
ened, 133;  Legaic  relents  and 
makes  much  of  his  <•  teapots  "  or 
eettificates  of  good  character, 
135  i   Dnncan  addreaaea  Khool 


children  and  their  par*"  :\ 
Christmas  Day,  it6t  bii  .la  ii 
peril  from  the  Indian  ntliv  t, 
139;  also  from  I^oacjai,  at.  'n 
dian  medicine-man.  i.- . .  ...u 
Victoria  and  brinv;.  i  -v.  I  S. 
Tugwellra  missto.  a<v^  jnU  h  ■ 
wile  to  FortSliPj)")  .2;  -SI- 
ries  the  Gospel  to  the  1  ii.'s:;t  u 
tribes  of  the  N--^  Rive-  -4  1, 
missionary  se|.lC'^  lie',  ti.'i 
schools  conducteU  th<:/c  .1  ilm 
native  tongue,  147;  t'.e  C-n 
wells'  good  work  there,  but  htt' 
on  thev  return  to  Englac  1,  ' . 
Mr.  Duncan  removes  .0 
forms  a  new  Christian  villag..  hi 
Metlakahlla,  seventeen  miles 
south  of  Fort  Simpson,  15a;  rules 
formulated  to  govern  the  inhale 
itants  of  the  new  home,  i  (4 ;  ar- 
rival there  of  the  entire  Ritlahn 
tribe  under  two  chiefs  m; 
snMllpoK  outbreak  among  the  In- 
dians at  Fort  Simpson,  1561 
chieftainship  among  the  Chris- 
tian Tsimsheans  abolished,  157; 
death  of  Legaic,  the  Tsimshean 
head  chief,  under  happy  Chris- 
tian auspices,  163;  successful 
Cigress  of  the  viilage  at  Metl»- 
htla  and  its  encouraging  spir- 
itual condition,  165 ;  visit  to 
Metlakahtia  of  Rev.  E.  Cridge, 
173 ;  the  latter  has  quarrel  with 
Bishop  Hills,  173;  natives  op- 
posed to  hierarchical  domina- 
tion.  174;  temporal  advancement 
of  Metlakahtia,  stores  opened 
and  new  industries  started,  175 ; 
profits  of  trading  establishments 
applied  to  public  improvements, 
tSi ;  Indians  given  share  in  the 
government  of  the  village  and 
the  church,  181 ;  Hudson's  Bay 
Co.'s  monopoly  yields  to  Mr. 
Duncan's  enteiprise,  180;  priv- 
ilege of  the  ballot  given  to  na- 
tive electors.  183;  Cushwaht 
again  gives  trouble  and  is  publicly 
flogged,  188;   Simeon  Johnson 


■i    i 
•'1 


u 


t>: 


889 


INDEX 


"J.Se»»«fl>.  chief  of  the  Kith- 
wthtlM,  kill  white  men  and  Mr. 
Inucan  aids  in  bringing  them  to 
tnal  •(  Victoria,  where  the  death 
sentence  ii  passed  upon  them, 
afterward*  commuted  to  life-im- 
prisonment at  MeUakahtla,  189- 
19a  J  MbscquenUy  reforming  and 
becoming  Christians,  they  regain 
tteir  liberty,  19a;  mode  of  get- 
nng  a  bad  man  out  of  town  by 
hoisung  the  black  flag,  193;  the 
old  head  chief  of  the  Kitlaiuis  ex- 
pelled, but  promising  to  behave 
himself  Mr.  Duncan  permiu  his 
return,    195;    telephone    instru- 
ment   installed  and   worked  at 
Metlakahtla,  196;  Mr.  Duncan's 
attitude  towards  Baranovitch,  a 
Russian  trader,  who  sold  liquor 
unlawfully,     197.    Duncan    is 
pven    magUterial    authority   to 
deal  with  such  cases,  his  recti- 
tude and  succeu  as  a  judge,  108  • 
extracte    from   Judge   iSmcan's' 
docket,  aoa;  good  effect  of  pub- 
lic whippings  on  oiTenden  of^the 
law,   303;   Duncan's   successful 
treatment  of  wife-beating,  ao4  • 
*bo  of  illegal    whiskey-selling^ 
ao6;  takes  proceedings  against 
other  of  the  law's  offenders,  ao8 : 
Duncan's   grit    in  tackling  the 
Hudson's  lay  Co.  for   selling 
liquor  to  the  Indians,  aia;  th* 
nans  Bjomson  case,  214;  the 
murder  of    two  white    miners, 
Mr.    Duncan's     influence     and 
power  in  bringing  one  of  the  law- 
breakers to  justice,  317;  origi- 
nates a  mission  at  Kuinwoch,  Sn 
the  Nass  River,  ai8;  Mr.  Dun- 
can erecu  mission  house,  with 
doraitory    for    girU    attending 
teading  school,  320;  he  advises 
Christian  men  at  Metlakahtla  not 
.0  take  wives  of  the  women  in 
camp  at  Fort  Simpson,  aao;  or. 
fsnues  fire  brigade,  aao;  estab- 
lishes Bible  classes  for  men  and 
women,  aai ;  leaves  Metlakahtla 


to  visit  England  and  pick  np  . 
knowledge  of  different  tradesrfnd 

S^K'S"'.  ?'•    »«  Beveriey, 
hu  old  Enghd,  home,  333;  calls 
on  Mr.  Cousins,  his  former  em- 
ployer, 334 ;  ukes  notes  of  various 
trade.,  334;  obtains  instruments 
to  form  a  brass  band  for  his  na- 
tives at  Metlakahtla.  235;  buys 
tooms  and  machinery  at  Victoria, 
B.  C.,  for  a  weaving  plant,  336 ; 
teaches  his  Indians  to  play  on 
the    brass  band,  the  gamut  of 
wnich   he  had  himself  already 
learned,  226;  obtains  an  organ 
for  his  church  services  from  Vic- 
tona,  337 ;  home  again  and  his 
reception  on  his  return  to  Methi- 
kahtla,228;  sete  his  industries  at 
work  and  aids  in  rebuilding  his 
village,  230 ;  erects  a  new  church 
and    schoolhouse,  231 ;   his  as- 
sistante  in  conducting  the  latter. 
aj'J    Archdeacon    Woods'  pen 
sketch  of  Mr.  Duncan's  ChrUtian 
settlemenu  at  Metlakahtla  and 
Kincolith,    333;   he    frees    all 
Slaves  from  bondage  among  the 
neighbouring  Indians,  334;  his 
account  of  the  condition  of  some 
relieved  slaves,  335;  visits  Ot- 
Uwa  to  urge  governmental  action 
apinst  land-grabbers,  336 ;  visit 
of  Lord  ar.d  Lady  Dufferin  to 
Duncan's  far-off  Indian  mission. 
236 ;  visit  of  Admiral  Prevost  to 
Metlakahtla,  237 ;  the  admiral's 
account  of  his  brief  visit,  338 ; 
Mr.  Duncan's    contrivance    for 
street-lighting,  239 ;  Bishop  Bom- 
pas     extended    visit    to    MetLu 
kahtia,  240;  Church  Missionary 
Society  suggests  that  Mr.  Dun- 
can s  mission  should  be  turned  into 
an  Episcopal  church  and  that  he 
(Mr.  Duncan)  should  take  priest's 
orders,  240;  Mr.  Duncan's  repug- 
nance to  a  "churcbly  church" 
and  his  unwillingness  to  become 
an    ordained    priest,    341 ;    the 
war-ship  Plumpir  despatched  to 


INDEX 


888 


the  Indian  Tillage  tnd  Mr.  Dun- 
«»«»'»  P««ceful  intervention,  343 ; 
Mr.  Duncan  insulls  Rev.  A.  J. 
HaU  in  Metlakahtla  and  himtelf 
leaves  for  Victoria,  B.  C,  344 ; 
fanatical  outbrealc  in  Mr.  Dun- 
can's absence  brings  him  home 
again,  34*;    Rev.    Mr.   Crosby 
nns  the  flame  of  fanaticism  and 
Mr.  Duncan  returns  and  checks 
it,  346;  Bishop  Ridley  locates 
Rev.  A.  J.  Hall  at  Alert  Bay, 
349  f  Bishop  Bompas  refuses  to 
play  at  church  pohtics  at  Metla- 
kahtla and  blesses  Mr.  Duncan's 
beneficent  work  there,  349 ;  the 
bishop  baptizes  and  confirms  the 
Mtive    Christians    and   ordains 
Mr.    Collison    a    priest,    349; 
Bishop  Ridley  is  appointed  to  the 
Episcopal  See  of  Metlakahtla  and 
arrives  there  November  i,  1879, 
aso;    the    bishop   offends    Mr. 
Duncan  by  his  assumption  of  full 
^itcopal    sute    and    ritualistic 
bent,    while    he    arraigus    Mr. 
Duncan  for  withholding  the  sac- 
wment   of  the    Lord's   Supper 
from  the  native  Christians,  351 ; 
Mr.  Duncan's  defence,  and  the 
bishop's     continued     efforts    to 
thwart  him  and  undermine  his 
influence  with  the  Church  Mis- 
nonary  Society,  351-355;  con- 
ference at  Metlakahtla  m  July, 
1881,  iipom  which  the  bishop  ab- 
•entt   himself  and    sulks,   356, 
JS7;    the  conference  asks  that 
MetlakahUa  be  made  an  inde- 
pendent   lay  mission,    and    the 
Society  answers  by  calling  Mr. 
Duncan  home  to  England  to  talk 
over  matters,  but  this,  at  present, 
Mr.   Duncan   is   unable  to   act 
upon,  358-360;    under    Bishop 
Ridley's   malign    influence,  the 
Society  is  misled  as  to  Mr.  Dun- 
can's actions  and  the  postpone- 
ment of  his  design  to  go  to  Eng- 
Und  to  confer  with  it,  and  sun- 
ders its  relations  with  Mr.  Dun- 


can and  brings  about  a  rupture, 
361-363;  Mr.  Duncan's  native 
following    enilorse    and    susuin 
him  in  abandoning  the  Mission 
House  and  call  upon  him  to  con- 
tinue to    be   their  teacher  and 
"•«•"•»»  well  as  their  minister, 
which  Mr.  Duncan  agrees  to,  the 
good  work  at  Metlakahtla  going 
on  as  if  there  had  been  no  sev- 
erance of  relations  with  the  So- 
ciety in  England,  364-367 ;  the 
Ssocietv  grieves  over  the  rupture 
caused  by  Bishop   Ridley's  in- 
discretion and  lack  of  good  faith, 
and  the  latter  writes  Mr.  Duncan 
making  him  all  sorte  of  proposi- 
tions for  his  return,  with  the  na- 
tives, to  the  fold,  but  these  are 
answered  by  the  kconic  and  dig- 
nified  reply  of  « too  late,"  268, 
369 ;  with  the  malice  of  the  ser- 
pent, the  bishop  now  resorts  to 
thwartings     and     contemptible 
schemes  to  embarrass  Mr.  Dun- 
can and  his  following,  to  settmg 
up  a  rival  local  store,  and  lay 
claim  to  the   Indians'  property, 
besides  getting  into  a  personal 
wrangle  with  some  of  the  natives 
—all  which    created  much  bad 
bkxxi  and  stirrings  up  of  trouble, 
370-278;   a    further    blow    fell 
upon  the  native  residenU  at  Met- 
lakahtla   by    the    bishop   insti- 
gating  an  attack  on  the  Indians' 
ttle  patrimony  and  their  rightt 
m  holding  Ian-  in  the  colony, 
which  was  denied  them— the  up- 
shot of  all  being  to  lead  Mr. 
Duncan  to  seek  a  new  home  for 
his  people  in  Alaska,  U.  S.,  a8t>- 
387;   with  the  sanction  of  the 
United  Sutes  authorities  the  new 
Alaskan  home,  Port  Chester,  on 
Annette  Island,  is  given  them 
and  there  Mr.  Duncan  and   his 
good   Indian   following  proceed 
to    settle,    388-390;    temporary 
dwellings  erected,  391 ;    <•  Pio- 
neer    Day"   established,    393; 


)l':^ 


\(\ 


I  II 


■  -^_  ^«.tl>  -»"#.  ^4t  :^M.A.  *  «    K  -JU*  ,....♦  --...^...s 


-■»   »  <•  ■•  V%fc 


384 


INDEX 


popnlation  of  the  new  viU«M 
te'  ?«>S ;  fire  coMumes  M^ 

«n^i  *°'i?"  *""•««  home 
•nd    Buhop  Ridley's    Ul-gotlen 
pini,    396;   ectivitiei   or  Mr. 
Duncan',   "pioneeri"  at   New 
MetlakahtU      ,98;     aUegS 
•worn    to   their   new,   adoptai 
country  and  constitution  for  the 
r^^  community    drafted    and 
^«P«^,'»J»9;draftofMr.D„n. 
om.   declaration    of  resident^ 
f99.  300;  growth  of  the  «  Be- 
nerolent  Fund,"  and  lo«  by  fire 

■ted  and  dwellings  erected,  »»  ; 
pnnung  establishment  se,  up  a^d 

305  i  Mr.  Duncan's  article.  «  A 

^V«Me.lakahtIa,"ap?^;r,it 

Du1i„^H?°'''"""'^»Mr. 
l^ncans  dianr,  310-314.  new 

rated  by  Mr.  Duncan,  iic  .  n^Ci 


nt^'k  --■-  '"""uca  ana  ope- 
ned by  Mr.  Duncan,  315  ;  Boy? 

Home,industrialfrainingSch^l 
for  Girls,  and  Mission  BuiS 

"ected,3,6;MeUakahtlalS 
ttial  Co.  founded  and  capital- 
^,  317;.  Mr.  Duncan  receives 
officiaf  vuit  of  the  Governor  of 


W  Mr.  Duncan.  326:  fiftieth  imT 
juversary  of  Mr^DiiS?fim 
iJ™""  P"="»'«d  i"  Tsimshe« 
•Jso  noed,  3.6;  results  of  Mr 
Duncan's  faithful  work  and 
names  noted  of  some  of  his  .  * 

.nh''^'''3f'3'9Jdifficu'ty 
m  obuining  Khooimasters,  329. 
emigranu  to  New  Metlak^h^a' 

«35eT'^"'"***'330!death; 
Md  death  rate,  331,  333.  ,j-h^ 

•nd  distinctive  features  of  M, 

Duncan's  new  vilhige_a  model 

^nr^^^'^^'  «=l™«teofAla.li 
recorded.  334,335.  flo^^„« 

beny  growth,  33J.  Mr.  Duncan 
encourages  native  athletic  sporS 
340;  does  away  with  match- 
»«k-nfo346,  deference  shown 

wme  of^""?'  349;  official 
n«me  of  the  church  at  Metla. 
kahtl.  and  Mr.  Duncan's  „S^ 
•ectenamsm^  358;  hi,  church 
•eryices,  360,  3g,;the«Gtand 


aT..!/  .  ""  ^^vernor  of 

dJuJS  ^''  '«"«•"  of  citixenship 
burned  but  rebuilt  and  new  ma- 
chinery  purchased,  319,  ,-»• 
fire  consume,  twenty  dwelfing,* 
^^^'J*"'"'*  provisiOT 
3" .  Mr.  Duncan  erecU  his  new 

"  U  «yled,  3ai ;  sums  raised  by 
^ksgiving  and  New  Years' 
oWmng.,  aaa;  plank  walks  laid 
down  and  other  vilUge  improve 

aed?"ia?"1aiL^''   '•"* 

gvr?a.TfitST„r; 

SS    e.**'-  """can's  •rrival  at 
Fort   Simp«>n    celebrated,  335, 


r»ij    ».'  ""^  '  •»*" »  "»*  "  utand 

Sar.n'^!"'     3**'    ?*«*>»•>  -^ 
?J*"""'.370;  some  habits  and 

ttudetei^'i?'3'''373;hi.at. 
titude  toward,  a  sncccMor.  wa 

"nd  children  at  MethUtahtla.  17a 

ofCaledonia,  ac7.  207  ^ 

Dwe  ling  house,  l32;,c2?buUd.one 
without  the  Fort,  i6c      """"* 

Dwelling  houses,  new  and  im. 
proyed,  built  at  MetUkahtla.  a»  • 
•tMetlakahUa,  Alaska,  iTiliV 

»««eof,rS4?p«4m'S'3 

Em  jratkm  to  New   Metlakahtta, 

Engine  house  at  Metlakahtla.  tat 
Engtand.   back  in  oWTaM^.^ff, 
Duncan's  *i«»  »»    •       »''  **'• 
^uocan.  visit  to,  u  1870^  aac^ 


INDEX 


885 


EpMeode,   maHgiiuit,  at    Mette- 

kahtk,  163 
Epidemic  of  smallpox  at  Victoria, 

153;  at  Fort  Simpson,  155,  156; 

among  Legaic's  tribe,  158 
Episcopal  church,  Bishop  Bompas 

declines  to  turn  Mr.  Danean'i 

mission  into  an,  349 
Episcopal  church  service,  Mr.  Dun- 
can reads  at  the  Fort,  1 18 
Esqaimault  harbour,  Victoria,   B. 

C.,4a 
Etiquette,  Tsi.-nsheans  sticklen  for, 

Evil    influences    of  the   heathen 

homes,  151 
Expenditures  on  public  affitirs  at 

Metlakahtia,    333;    on    public 

streets,  333;  on  "Westminster 

Abbey,"  331 

Fathu  of  the  man,  the  boy  the. 

Father  of  liars,  116 

Feast  at  old  MetbJcahtIa,  descrip- 
tion of  a,  173 

Female  suffrage,  none  at  old  Metla- 
kahtia, 184 

Fiftieth  anniversary  of  Mr.  Don- 
can's  first  sermon,  336 

FinlayMn's  Channel,  48 

Fire  brigade  service  at  MetUkahtla, 

330 

Fire  at  Metlakahtia,  Alaska,  330 ; 
at  Fort  Simpson.  81 

Fire  protection,  provision  for,  331 

Fire-water,  83 

nrst  fruits  (of  Mr.  Duncan's  la- 
bour), 137 

First  martyrs  in  Metlakahtia  jail. 

First  meswge,  Mr.  Duncan  delivers 
his  first  Gospel  address  to  the 
Tsimsheans,  133,  134;  fiftieth 
anniversary  of,  326 

Fish  food  of  the  Indians,  67 

Fisherman,  Atuka,  how  paid  or 
remunerated,  356 

Fitxhugfa  Sound,  48 

Figging  aa  a  paniahment,  efficacy 


Flood,  legends  of  the  great,  te 

Flotsam  and  Jetsam,  333 

Flowers  and  berries  at  Metlakahtia. 

^335 

Food  of  the  Tsimsheans,  67 

Football  team,  Metlakahtia,  341 

Fort,  at  the  (Simpson),  51 

Fort  Rupert,  Indians  of,  47 ;  dis. 
embowelled  bodies  seen  at,  47; 
carry  away  a  slave,  343 

Fort  Simpson,  B.  C,  Hudson's  Bay 
Co.'s  post  at,  50 ;  Mr.  Duncan's 
arrival  here  (October  1,  1857), 
50 ;  Indians  break  camp  at,  67  ; 
outbreak  of  smallpox  at,  156; 
fiftieth  anniversary  of  Mr.  Dun- 
can's arrival  at,  335 

Fraser  Reach,  49 

From    Judge    Doacaa's    docket, 

303 

Funeral  ceremonies,  75 
Funeral  dirge  (Lemkoy),  75 
Furs,  price  of,  178 
Future     punishment,     IWmskean 
ideas  of,  106 

Gambling,  a  national  vice  of  the 

Tsimsheans,  80 
Garcotitch,  Peter,  Slavonian  trader, 

sells  liquor  to  Indians  aad  iscon- 

victed  and  fined,  209 
Girls'  school  under  Mrs.  Collison. 

333 
GUtl   TUHngs,  Methodist   Gospel 

boat,  394 
God's  Book,  131,  I84,  I3J 
Good  Time  Island,  333 
Good  and  evil,  battle  between,  lOQb 

113 

Gordon,  Adam,  391 
Gospel  teaching  taking  effect,  138 
Gospel,  influence  of,  showing,  137 
Government    aid    for   schools    at 

Metlakahtia,  338 
Graham  Reach,  49 
Graham  Island,  333 
Grand  Old  Man,  the,  368 
"  Great  Uress  Day,"  136,  393 
Grenville  Channel,  49 
Gribbel,   Rev.  F.,  disaffectad   «» 

waida  Mr.  Duacaa,  sio 


f 


886 


INDEX 


Gttc«t-H«HMe,  the,  at  Metlakahtim, 
175  i  at  MetUlutlitla,Alatki^333 
Gulf  of  Georgia,  47 
Guthrie,  Josiah,  184 
Guthrie,  Alex.,  his  bunftlow,  304 

Hadlby,  John  H.  and  wife,  309 

Haidas,     the,    Indian    tribe,    61 ; 

totem-poles   on    Haida    village, 

85 ;  expert  carvers  of  the  coast, 

85  ;  missionary  work  among,  333 

Haldane,  Matthew,  the  late,  304 

Haldane,  Benjamin  A.,  9.  51 ;  his 
home,  304;  at  organ,  326;  at 
piano,  338 

Halibut  of  from  seventy-five  to  two 
hundred  and  fifty  pounds,  69 

Hall,  Rev.  A.  J.,  244 ;  located  at 
Aiert  Bay,  249,  256 

Hallach,  Tsimshean  slave,  II3-II5 

"  Hallied,"  or  Indian  deviltry,  91, 
'54 

Haman  hanged  on  his  own  gal- 
lows, 364 

Hamblett,  Alonzo,  a  Ualf-breed 
teacher,  329 

Hamblett,  Eli,  a  Dane,  210 

Hammond,  the  revivalist,  253 

Hanbury,  Tom,  his  house,  303 

Handel's  "  Messiah  "  oratorio,   -26 

Hazleton,  Methodist  mission  at,  255 

Heathenish  hysterics,  130 

Heathenish  rites,  138 

Heavenly  chief,  the,  loi ;  son  of 
the,  108 

Heavens,  legend  of  moving  the 
heavens  back,  62 

Hewson,  Robert,  274, 275, 276, 284 

Hewson,  Stephen,  Mr.  Duncan's 
early  friend,  16 

Hiehish  Narrows,  48 

Highbury  College,  where  yonng 
Duncan  receives  two  years'  theo- 
logical training,  30,  35 

Highmas,  head  chief  of  the  Kit- 
seesh  tribe,  brings  fire-water 
«nong  the  people,  185;  hii 
pleading  wife,  186 

Hills,  Bishop  of  Columbia,  169; 
baptizes  fifty-seven  adults,  169; 
tuptiiOT  more  adults,  173;  haa 


fitlling  ovt  wM  Dean  Cridge, 
173  ;  his  diocese  divided,  250 

Holidays,  great,  celebrated  at  New 
Metlakahtia,  293 

Home  again,  2^ 

Home  land,  call  of  the,  233 

Home,  the  new,  387 

Hoochinoo,  a  vile  concoction. 
82 

House  in  which  first  sermon  was 
preached,  123 

Houses,  old  Indian, 

Hoiw  Mr.  Duncan  became  a  judge, 
'97 

Hndson,  Cornelius,  278 

Hudson's  Bay  Co.'s  trading  sta- 
tion at  Fort  Simpson,  33 ;  re- 
Aises  to  open  a  store  at  Metla- 
kahtia, 177 ;  accused  of  selling 
liquor  to  Indians,  178,  212; 
overbids  Mr.  Duncan  on  furs 
and   undersells   him  on  good*, 

Hymn  singing,  136 

Immortality,  Tsimshean  idea  of, 
104 

Incidents,  interesting,  185 

Income  from  industries,  270 

Indemnity  for  murder  among  the 
Tsimsheans,  80 

Independence  of  Indian  Christiana 
at  Metlakahtia,  174 

Indian  Affairs,  Deputy  Minister 
of,  282 

Indians,  study  of  their  mannen 
and  customs,  73 ;  given  a  share 
in  the  government  of  village  and 
church  at  Metlakahtia,  181 ; 
slavery  practiced  among,  334; 
forbidden  by  law  to  drink 
liquors,  198;  ancient  rights  in 
lands  denied  them,  379 ;  defeated 
in  test  case  for  land,  383 

Industrial    Training     School    for 

firls,  316 
ustries  at  Metlakahtia,  Alaska, 

T    350 

Indnstry,  need  of  new  ioarcet  of, 

'75 
In&nt  baptism,  366 


^^':m 


INDEX 


887 


laUel,  Mr.  Doaetn's  argwaent 
with  an,  24,  25 

Influence  of  the  Goipel,  137 

Influenza,  epidemic  of,   '31 

Inside  PuMge,  the,  43 ' 

Instruments  for  brass  band,  325 

Interesting  incidents,  185 

Interior  of  some  Metlakahtla 
houses,  337 

International  Sundajr-school  lesson, 
3««> 

Intertribal  clan  division,  88 

Intoxicating  liquors  amone  the 
Tsimsheans  not  known  till  com- 
ing of  the  Whites,  82 ;  pledge 
not  to  drink  any,  147 

Introduction,  7 

Jahtb's  presence,  Mr,  Duncan  in, 

Jail,  Metlakahtla,  a  perfunctory 
institution,  323,  334 

Japanese  current,  the,  334 

Johnson,  Simeon,  murderer,  189, 
191 ;  later  becomes  a  good  Chris- 
tian, 193 

Judge,  how  Mr.  Duncan  became  a, 
197 

Judge  Duncan's  docket,  from,  aoa 

Justice,  how  it  was  dealt  out  to 
offenders  at  Metlakahtla  in  i86t- 
85.300  •* 

Justice  of  the  peace,  Mr.  Duncan 
appointed  a,  198 

Karta  Bay,  home  ofC.  V.  Barano- 
vitch,  197 

Keene,  Rev.  J.  H.,  397 

Ketchikan,  Alaska,  330 

Kincolith  Mission,  the,  147 

Kintsadah,  Chief,  pilots  Mr.  Dnn- 
can  up  the  Nass  River,  144 

Kishpokaloats  tribe,  the,  53 

Kishpootwadda  totem,  the,  S? 

Kitandoah  tribe,  the,  53 

Kitandoah   and    Kithrahtla  tribes 
eligible  for  membership  in  Can- 
nibal Clnb,  89 
Kithrahtlas  tribe,  the,  54 
Kitlahn  tribe  flock  to  the  Christian 


village,  iy_ 


Kitlootaahs  and  Kishpokaloats,  vil- 
lages of  the,  S3 

Kitnakangeak  tribe,  the,  53 

KiUeesh  tribe,  the,j3 

Knapp,  Hon.  L.  E.,  Governor  ol 
Alaska,  visit  of,  317 

Kowak  and  her  daughter,  109,  1 10 

Kowak's  deserted  village,  iii 

Kuro  Shiwo,  or  Japanese  current, 
334 

Kwakiutl  Indians,  61 

"  Labrette,"  or  bone  ornament. 

Lacheboo  totem,  the,  85 
Lackshkeak  totem,  the,  85 
Lake  in  the  Clouds,  the,  333 
Lama  Passage,  48 
Land-grabbers,  white,  236 
Land  troubles,  Indian,  279 
Language,  the  Tsimshean,  61,  8c, 

103 
Last  blow,  the,  279 
Lawbreakers,  Indian,  20a 
Law  cases,  Mr.  Duncan's  at  Met- 
lakahtla, 202 
Law  of  descent,  74 
Lay  mission,  Metlakahth  a,  258 
Leamlahaga,   he    hears    the    tele- 
phone talk,  196 
Leask,  David,  presents  address  to 
Lord  Dufferin,  237;   Mr.   Dun- 
can's native  teacher,  270,  329, 
364 ;  aids  in  selecting  new  home, 
291 ;  death  of,  329 
Leask,  Martha,  329 
Leaves  from  Mr.  Uuncan'sdiary,3K> 
Legaic,  head  chief  of  the  Tsimshean 
Indians  at  Fort  Simpson,  53,  55, 
157 ;    his    bloodthirstiness    and 
savage  cruelty,  56 ;  seeks  to  kill 
Mr.  Duncan,  but  is  prevented  bjr 
Clah,  134;  repents  and  attends 
Mr.   Duncan's    school,    157;    it 
baptized,    160,    170;    death    of, 
164 ;  his  tribe  ravaged  by  small- 
pox, 158 ;  appointed  a  constable, 
161 ;  but  gives  it  up,  163 
Legends  of  the  flood,  62 
••  Lemkoy,"  funeral  dirge,  75 
Lewis,  Captain,  180 


888 


INDEX 


Lex  talkmii,to 

Library,  Mr.  Doneaa^  pthrate,  313 

Library,   public,   at    Metlakahtla, 

Alaska,  324;   oontribntiont   to, 

334.  3<5 
Life  after  thif,  the  Twmihcan  idea 

of,  IQ4  ■ 
Life  innirance,  Tsinuhean  method 

of,  78 
Ligaket  tribe,  the,  55,  57 
Light,  legend  of  how  it  came  into 

Uie  world,  loS 
Liquor  seizure,  aic,  sis 
Liquor-selling,   th»    Hudson  Bay 

Co.  accused  of   :I3 
Living,  Tsimehfr  <  mode  of,  66 
Lockerbgr,  Gor'       51 
London,  Mr.  T  n  in,  38 

Loocoal,  meotc      man,  threttCH 

Mr.  Dnncan's       .  141 
Lord's     Stti  ler,     Mr.     Duncan's 

scruple    i^    adsMt    his    Indian 

proligts  to  the,     ^^s  35 1,  365 
Lm^,  the  call  of  *       15 
Lord's  Prayer  it       imshean,  the, 

343 
Lots,  al     somer    a     Metlakahtla, 

300;   distrilMtioD   of  at  Metla- 

kahUa,  301 
Love  of   song  and  ausic,  Tsias- 

shean,  363 
Love  song,  native,  338 
Lew  church  views,  Mr.  Duncan's, 
a«o,  341 

MacDonald,  Hon.  W.  J.,  46 
Macdonald,  Sir  jdim,  his  promise 
to   Mr.    Duncan,   380;  how  he 
brake  it  381 
Mdoue,  Dennis,  379 
Man,  creation  of,  103 
MaMMTS  of  the  Indians,  8 
Man-of-war,  aboard  the,  39 
Man,  the  boy  the  father  ot  the,  19 
Man  with  wooden  wife,  legend  of, 

104 
Marriage    celebrations   at    Metla- 
kahtla, 330 
Marriage    ceremony    among    the 

Tsimdieans,  73,  74 
Maftden,  Edwavd,  336 


Mart,  great  tradiag,  at  Fort  Sfai^ 
son  beach,  C3 

Martyrs  in  jail  at  Victoria,  first,  378 

Matcn-maldng,  346 

Match  not  made  in  heaven,  a, 

Mather,  Edward  K.,  103,  378,  afc^ 
383 

Mat-making,  347 

McKay  Reach,  49 

McKee,  J.  F.  and  wife,  339 

Meanskinisht,  Mr.  Tomlinaon  at, 
301 

Medicine-man,  name  of  in  Tsim- 
shean,  93;  parboiling  and  cut- 
ting off  chiers  head,  95-97 ;  his 
power  of  prophecy,  99;  story 
of  the  Kitlahn  chief  and  the,  93 

Medicine-men  among  the  Tsim- 
sbesns,  their  so-called  miracles, 
93-96;  rites  of,  96,  97;  super- 
natural power  of,  95,  99;  held 
in  awe,  97 

Memory,  Mr.  Duncan's  wonderfnl, 

.  373.  374 

Message,  the  first,  133 

•<  Messidt,"  the  oratorio  of  sni«  by 

the  natives,  336 
Methtkahtia,  meaning  of  the  word, 

MethJcahtla,  B.  C,  and  AUmIh, 
Mr.  Dnnean's  misnon  fields  at, 
53,te;  ailt  of  old  Medakahtla. 
seventeen  miles  sonth  of  Fort 
Simpson,  B.  C,  l$3;  trading 
tifblishuunt  at,  177;  ndca 
geveining  the  Inhabitants  of, 
154 ;  thi«e  hondred  new  settleia 
arrive  at  old  Metlaiwhtla,  155; 
Mr.  Duncan  tAes  lanee  of  on  a 
visit  to  Ei^iand,  133;  retnM  to 
(February  21,  1S71),  338;  aus- 
sion  at  iKsired  to  be  turned  into 
an  Epir  Jti  diarch,  341 ;  a 
■Mdet  village.  1$! ;  declaratioB 
of  residents  of,  Sfo ;  fire  at,  330; 
a  day  at,  30J,  306;  MetlakahtU 
industries  aid  induitrial  com- 
panies, 316,  31V;  votonltcno^ 
341 ;  baseball  nine,  340 ;  a  sec- 
ond Garden  of  Eden,  349 ;  only 
mission  in  Alaska  a  suooesi,  jfi9{ 


INDEX 


889 


feott»n  team,  341 ;  lomc  Metla* 
luhtlm  history,  315^;  the  Metla- 
kahtla  Indiutml  Co.,  317,  356 ; 
induitriei  of,  317,  350;  a  wind- 

&U.397 

MttUkakHoH,  Tht,  305 

Mid-week  evening  lenrice  at.  Met- 
lakahtla,363 

Minthorn,  Dr.  H.  J.,  337 

Miuionary  meeting  at  BeTerlej, 
England,  15,  25.  a6 

Minionary  societies  and  boards, 
Mr.  Duncan  has  no  use  for,  369 

Missionary  spirit  over  the  people, 
aai 

Mission  field,  a  new,  33 

Mission  house  at  Metlakahtia,  165 

Mission,  Mr.  Duncan's  view  of  how 
an  ideal  one  should  be  carried 
on,  369 ;  reasons  why  the  kc.la- 
kahtla  one  is  so  successful,  369 

Mitchell,  Bertram  G.,  329 

Mode  of  living  at  Port  Simpeon, 
B.  C,  66 

Model  Christian  village,  a,  151 ; 
model  village,  334 

Modesty  of  Mr.  Duncan,  innate,  19 

Money  for  giving  slaves  their 
freedom  provided  by  the  profits 
of  Mr.  Duncan's  trading  estab- 
lishments, 334 

Moon,  worship  of  the  among  the 
Tsimsheans,  106 

Moon's  phases,  enactment  of  the, 
107 

Morality  of  the  Tsimsheans,  83 

Mortality,  excessive,  at  Metla- 
kahtia, 333 

Moses  to  his  people,  Mr.  Duncan  a, 
341 

Moving  village  store  by  Indians  at 
old  Metlakahda,  56 

Murder  of  Haida  at  Fort  gate,  56 

Murder  of  Whites  by  Indians,  56 

MuKular  Christianity,  Bishop  Rid- 
ley's, 373 

Musical  accomplishments  of  Mr. 
Duncan,  33 

Musical  instruments  and  or- 
ganization at  Metlakahtia,  336, 


Nasi  Ritu,  B.  C,  temperance 
meeting  at,  147;  Mr.  Duncan's 
trips  up  the,  143,  333 

Native  love  song,  338;  canoe 
song,  3M 

Native  onenngs  for  church  ex- 
penses, 149 

Nautical  skill,  native,  347 

Nelson,  Hon.  Knute,  United  States 
Senator  from  Minnesota,  318 

Nephew,  custom  of  marrying 
uncle's  widow,  79;  always  ma- 
ternal uncle's  heir,  79 

New  church  at  MetUkahtla,  331 

New  home,  the,  287 

New  minion  field,  a,  33 

New  Year's  Day,  school  feast  to 
natives,  148;  annual  tax  levy, 
168  i  new  colonists  admitted,  173 

Neyahshnawah,  head  chief  of  the 
Kitlootsah  tribe,  Mr.  Duncan 
preaches  his  first  sermon  and 
carries  the  Gospel  message  to,  at 
Fort  Simpson,  133 

Neyahshot,  medicine-man,  93 

Neyuhack,  Mrs.  Joseph,  113 

Neyashlakahnoosh,  old  head  chief 
of  the  Kitlahns,  93, 194, 195, 196 

"Nirwana"  of  the  wonderfiil 
Northland,  49 

Nishaes,  the  Indian,  94 

Non-sectarianism  in  heathen  miiu 
sions,  3c8 

Northland,  the  call  of  the,  7 

Northwest  Coast  Mission,  confer- 
ence of  workers  at,  357 

Notable  visitors,  336 

Oath  in  Tsimshean,  no  expresskm 
for  an,  103 ;  no  oaths  heard,  334 

Occupations  of  Indians  at  Metla- 
kahtia, Alaska,  356 

Offerings  of  natives,  332;  of 
tourists,  333 

Offer  of  advantageous  berth  refused 
by  Mr.  Duncan,  30 

Oliver  iVoUott,  revenue  cutter,  373 

Onward  and  upward,  165      * 

Oolakan  or  candle  fish  and  ita  oil, 
in  Portland  Canal,  and  up  t^ 
Nan  River,  68, 115,  138 


890 


INDEX 


Ordained,  Mr.  Dbbcu  tefiue*  to 

be,  140 
Orden  in  the  church,  Mr.  Duncan 

decline*  to  Uke,  340 
Ordination,  Mr.  Duncan's  reasons 

for  refusing,  341 ;  his  only  ordi- 
nation, abb 
Organ    acquired   for    Metlakahtla 

church,  337 
Organs  and  pianot  at  Metlakahtla, 

Alaska,  337 
Origin  of  the  Tsimsbeani,  61 
Ornaments  of  the  Tsinuheans,  71 
OtUwa,    Mr.    Duncan's   visit   to, 

aSo 
Otter  steamship,  the,  46,  jO 

Paintino  faces,  Tsimsheaa  custom 
of.  80 

Paintings  in  Metlakahtla  church, 
364 

Paper  collar,  old,  Mr.  Dnacaa's,  98 

Parables,  the,  theme  of  Bfr.  Don- 
can's  discourse,  363 

Passage,  the  Inside,  43 

Fatriotitm  of  the   Metlakahtlam^ 
a9«.  349 

Peculiar   custom!    of    the   Tsim- 
sheans,  ra 

Pentecostal  hymns,  book  of,  360, 
36a 

Phonograph,  listening  to  a,  349 

Photographic  apparatus,  etc.,  pur- 
chased by  Mr.  Duncan,  334 

Pike,  Dr.  Ernest  R.,  338 

Pilgrims,  the,  393 

Pioneer  Day,  aga 

"  Pioneers,"  Mr.  Duncan's,  189, 398 

Piracy,  with  violence,  191 

Planking   of   Metlakahtla   village 
streets,  333 

Pledge,  temperance,  147 

Pledges  of  inhabitants  of  Metla- 
kahtla, 147,  154 

Plumper  war-ship,  the,  34a 

Plumper  Channel,  48 

Politeness  and  good  manners  of  the 
Metlakahtlans,  349 

Pollard,  preacher,  353 

Pope  of  Metlakahtla,  Mr.  Duncan, 
171 


Fopulatiao  of  New  Metkkaktlfi, 
330;  of  old  Metlakahtla,  395 

Port  Chester  selected  site  for  new 
village,  390 

Portland  Canal,  the  oolakaa  or 
candle  fish  in,  68 

Port  Simpson,  B.  C,  51,  53,  57 

Position,  fine,  offered  to  and  n- 
fused  by  Mr.  Duncan,  30 

Potlatch  among  the  Tsimsheana,  a, 

^  76.  79 

Praver,  Agweclakkah's,  146;  Mr. 
Duncan^,  that  he  might  die,  148 ; 
the  Tsimsheans'  to  the  Hcavnily 
Chiefs  103 

^resents,givin|,  74,  77 

Prevost,  Captain,  presses  Aladuui 
mission  field  on  Ute  Church  Mis- 
sionary Society,  33 ;  on  the  pub- 
lic, 34;  visit  of  to  Metlakahtla, 
'37  i  V"**  present  of  street 
lamps  to  Metlakahtla,  339; 
description  of  a  Sunday  there, 
338 

Prices  of  iun  at  Fort  Simpaon,  67 

Priest,  Mr.  Duncan  refuses  to  M 
ordained  a,  343 

Prince  of  Wales  Island,  308,  334 

Prince  Rupert,  297 

Princeu  Louite  steamer,  394 

Printing-preu  at  Metlakahtla, 
Alaska,  305 

Profit-sharing  at  Metlakahtla, 
Alaska,  357 

Profiu  of  trading  establishment, 
how  used,  181 

Promise,  Stephen  Hewson's,  17 

Property,  giving  away,  78;  dca- 
t'oyinSf  79;  All  stolen  goes  up 
in  smoke,  396 

Prophetical  power  of  medicine- 
men, 93 

Prostitution  common  among  the 
Tsimshean  women  after  coming 
of  the  Whites,  83 

Protection  against  fire,  331 

Public  library  at  Methikahtia,  334 

Public  speaking,  Tsimshean,  340 

Public  works  at  Metlakahtla,  33! 

Puget  Sound,  3a 

Puq>le  Monntidn,  319,  333 


INDEX 


891 


OOBKN  CHAIUnn  litANDf,  ajj 
Queen  Charlotte  Sound,  48 
Qutbray,  Chief,   of  the    unnibal 
club,  137 

Rainfall  heavy  in  Alaska,  335 

Reaiont  for  not  introducing  the 
Lord's  Supper  at  old  Metla- 
kabtla,  Mr.  Duncan's,  351,  353 

Rebuke  of  Sabbath  breaking  at  the 
Fort,  Mr.  Duncan's,  1 18 

Reception,  Mr.  Duncan's,  on  his 
return  from  England,  3^3^ 

Reincarnation  and  soul  transmigra- 
tion among  the  Tsiroshrans,  105 ; 
legends  dealing  with,  105,  106 

Religion  of  the  Tsimsheans,  the, 
loi ;  their  legends,  and  the  story 
of  the  battle  between  good  and 
evil,  113 

Residents  of  Metlakahtla,  declara- 
tion of  the,  399 

Resolution  adopted  at  conference 
of  mission  workers,  358 ;  copy  of 
sent  to  England,  359 

Restrictions  on  baptism,  Mr.  Dun- 
can's at  Metlakahtla,  365 

Retaliation,  law  of  among  the 
Tsimsheans,  80 

Return,  Mr.  Duncan's,  after  visit  to 
England,  328 

Revelations,  youthful  enthusiasts 
pretead  to  have,  346 

Ridley,  Bishop,  and  the  Church 
Missionary  Society,  Mr.  Dun- 
can's contention  with,  8 ;  and  the 
medicine-men,  37 1 ;  corrupting 
Mr.  Duncan's  teacher,  370 ;  fights 
the  Indians  in  the  street,  375  ; 
reads  the  riot  act,  373,  273; 
opens  store  at  old  Metlakahtla, 
371 ;  destroys  letter  from  village 
council,  371 

Ridley's,  Bishop,  muscular  Chris- 
tianity, 373 ;  falsification  of  copy 
of  resolution  adopted  by  confer- 
ence, 259 ;  false  testimony  as  to 
being  shot  at,  277;  translates 
into  Tsimshean  Book  of  Common 
Prayer,  364;  fire  dev.^urs  ail  the 
bitnop's  ill-gotten  gain&,  396 


Ridley,  Fred.,  383,  991 

Ridley  Home,  the,  396 

Riot  act  read  bv  Bikbop  Ridley  at 
old  Metlakahtla,  373 

Ritualism,  Mr.  Duncan's  prejudice 
against,  171,  341 

Robbed  of  everything,  394 

Robson,  Mr.,  British  Columbia 
secretary,  285,  386,  287 

Roosevelt,  President,  318;  his 
••  Presidential  addresses  and  state 
papers,"  334 

Rope  walk  at  Metlakahtla,  330 

Rowe,  Bishop,  head  of  the  Episco- 
pal church  of  Alaska,  358 

Rules  governing  native  communi- 
ties at  New  Metlakahtla,  154 

Rupert,  Fort,  Indians  of,  47 ;  ab- 
duct Indian  women  slaves,  24* 

Rupert,  Prince,  397 

Rupture,  the,  361 

Ryan,  Stephen,  dies  of  smallpox  at 
Metlakahtla,  156 

Sabbath  breaking  at  Fort  rebuked 

by  Mr.  Duncan,  118  ;  observance 

of  Sunday  at   Metlakahtla,  166, 

334 ;  at  oolakan  fishing,  166 

Sabbath-school     at      Metlakahtla, 

363;  teachers'  meeting,  363 
Salmon,   various   brands  of,   356; 
fishing     in     the     Skeena,   09; 
•<  shaming  "  the,  7 1 ;  process  of 
canning,  353;  habits  and  lives 
of,  351 ;  agents  for  the  sale  of, 
Alaska,     356;    cannery,    3te; 
spawning    ground,     352;    new 
cannery,  316 ;  output,  319,  356 
Sash  and  door  shop,  330,  308 
SalellUe,  H.  M.  S.,  sails  with  young 

Duncan  from  Plymouth,  37 
Savings  of  the  Metlakahtlans,  357 
Sawmill    outfit,    steam,    acquired, 
393;  destroyed  by  fire,  303;  a 
new  one  surted,  303;    it  also 
burned  up,  319 
Sawmills  built  and  burned,  303,319 
Schoolhouse,   Mr.  Duncan's    first, 
139 ;    new,    at    Fort    Simpson, 
149 ;  new  two-storey  one  at  old 
Metlakahtla,  *^ 


SM 


INDEX 


Scfiooli 
Scho 


School  Ibut,  im,  i4fl 

Sebool,  fint.  n6,  achool  baUdiag, 
Mr.  Dnacu'i,  ia7-iM;  Gov- 
trnamt  aid  for  at  MtdaJMlilIa. 
ia»  ^ 

olmutm,  bad  lack  ia  Mttiai, 

ools  for  bojn  aad  girli,  ag6 
Schooner,    Mr.    Daacaa    ban    a 

trading,  178 
Schutt.  Mr.  aad  Mn.  H.,  ajt 
Schntt  awl  Chaatr«l,ichoolmaaton^ 

SobaMah,  chief  of  the  Kithrathtlaa, 

106}  kills  white  men,  190 
Scdacer,  a,  whipped  in  pnblic,  aoa 
Securianiin,  Mr.  Duncan's  vicwa 

on  in  heathen  minions,  icg.  i(o 
Socti  and  aU  denominadoWralt. 

Mr.  Duncan  eschews.  358,  368 
Sentence,  a  queer,  J07 
Strmon,    Mr.  Duaon's   first  ex- 

tcmporaneoas,  135, 136  1 
Serpent,  the,  a68  * 

Senrice,  mid- week  evening,  363 
Seymour  Narrows,  47 
"Shaming  "  of  the  salmon,  71 
«uiwl-making  industry,  231 
Shimauget     Lahaga.     "niaisbean 
■«ne  for  Heavenl/  Chief.  loi, 

lai 

Shoo-wansh.  the  Tsimsheaa  medi- 
cine-man,  93 
Silas  receives  many  votes,  18a 
SimiMon,  Lieutenant,  70 
Singing  of  hjmns  in  school  woik. 

e  '37 

Sitka,  Alaskan  seat  of  goverament, 

31a;  museum  at,  398 
Skeena  River,  breeding  ground  of 
red  salmon.   69;    raid  up.    by 
Tsimsheans,  106 
Skothene,  the  blind  chief,  146 
Skovalis,  extinction  of  the  tribe.  55 
Slavery   among    the    Tsimsheans, 
*Mi    Metlakabtla     smote    the 
shackles     of,     234;     practiced 
•mong  tee  Indians  at  the  coast 

Slaves  given  their  freedom,  334 
Smallpox  aoiong  Indians  at  Fort 


Siapaoa,  isC  j  at  Vidoria.  E  C, 

sJ52,7::2fi;*^'"'^"« 

Soap  lactory  started  at  Metlakahik, 

Some  MetlafcahtU  history,  311 

Song,  native  love,  338 ;  canS^'  319 

Sob  of  the  Heavraly  Chief,  tb. 

loS;  Tsimsheaa  stoty  af  tha 

White   Christ    fTeseda).   Ml. 

na-114  ^  ''   ^ 

Sonl-tranMiigratioB.  lot 

"Spwk  Lord,  Thy  swvaal  kaaiw 

eth."  ay 
Spencer.  Charles.  378 
Spinning  women,  330;  myHtriia 
of  the  spinning-wheel.  aa4,  ajo 
Spiritual  conditions  at  Metkkaktia, 

169 
Sfk^mt  steamer,  374 
Spring  flowers  and  fruit  at  MeHa- 

kahtla.  Ahuka.  331 
Slaadard  Oil  Ca's  methods  met  aad 

defeated,  ira 
SterSpangled  Banner, the, 340 
Sure  and  Stripes,  390^  291 
Steam   sawmill   outfit    at   Matla- 
„  kahtla.  Alaska.  398 
Stikeens.  Indians  of  the  Interior, 

St  John's  Church.  Beverley.  Eac- 
Und,i5,a3  '^' "* 

Stolen  property  all  in  ashes,  a96 
Store   at   MeiiakahtU,  Mr.  Dua- 

can's,  178;  Bishop  Ridley's,  ayi 
Street  fight  between  Bishop  Ridkr 

and  the  Indians,  ays 
Streets  of  MetUkahth^  the,  333 
Stromstedt,  Miss  Dai^,  339 
Successor,  Mr.  Duncan's,  374 
Sunday.  «•  dresMiay."  136 
Sunday  observance.  Indian,  at  Mo^ 

lakahtla,  166 
Sunday  services.  169,  359 
Supernatural  power,  way  of  show^ 

'"8.95!  Mme  for,  113 
Surveyors    and     survey   troaU«^ 

Swineford,  Governor.  341 

Tait,  John,  legend  relater,  lei. 


I  I 


INDEX 


m6|  dmofteHoo  oC  sSji  sd- 
wMMt  Mr.  Dttooui,  3a6 

TasM  or  lalary  paid  bj  the  Tiim* 
ibMM  to  their  chitb,  79 

Tu-dodgcrt,  nona  at  UaUakahtla, 

Taa  Itvy  at  Matlakahtla,  iM 
Taachar,  Mr.  Dnacan'i  corraptad 

bjr  hUbop  Ridlar,  170 
••Taapali.''t)i«,  Ttimthaan  ccrtifi- 

a«aa   of  charactar,    134  j    Mr. 

Duncan  rafiuaa  to  raad  Lcgaie'a 

" teapots,"  It* 
Talephona    talks    in    Tsimshaaa 

lonc«c,  196 
Ttmperance  meeting,  first  held,  on 

Naia  RJ»er,  147 ;  pledge,  147 
Temporal  adrancement,  175 
Test  case  m  r*  Missioa  Point  acres, 

Teaoda,  ion  of  the  Heavenly  Chief, 
IIS-115  i  his  direct  descendants. 
IIS  ^ 

Thanksgiving  and  New  Year's  ^ 
fcrings,  3J3 

Thlingits,  Alaska  Coast  Indiana, 
61 ;  old  TUIage  of,  398 

Thomas,  Hon.  E.  J.,  of  BrookUne. 
Masa.,  303 

Thraimshnm,  the  Tsimshean  deTiL 
116 

TInnehs,  or  Stikeen  Indians,  the,  61 

Tobacco,  substitute  for,  8a 

Tohnie  Channel,  48 

Tomlinson,  Rev.  R.,  at  first  disaf- 
fected towards  Mr.  Duncan,  but 
afterwards  bis  friend,  119;  re- 
fiises  to  comply  with  bishop's 
order,  356;  resigns,  384;  Mr. 
Duncan's  co  worker,  301 

Totem-poles  of  the  Tsimsheans,  84 ; 
of  the  Haidas  and  Thlingits,  8(  j 
foresto  of  in  a  Haida  yiUage,  8c 

Totems  and  cittba,  the.  84 

Totems,  different  animals  genii  of. 

Totem  sjrstem,  Mr.  Duncan's  expla- 
nation of,  84;  practical  uses  ct, 
85 

Tourists'  offerings  at  Metkkahtla, 
3*« 


Town  HaU  at  Metlakahtk.  Alaaka. 

^3«6,3«6  ^^^ 

Trades  and  occupations  studied  by 

Mr.  Duncan  in  England,  aia. 

Trading  establishments,  Mr.  Dm. 

can's  at  MeUakahila,  930 
Trading   schooners  on  Sie  coast, 

nythftg   but    grogshops,    1761 

Mr.  Duncan  sett  up  one  with  no 

liquor  for  sale,  178 
Tradition  of  Uie  first  visit  of  th* 

Whites,  63:  of  the  reveaM  of 

Illghmas,  186 
Tnimshum,  die  Tsimsheaa  derO, 

116;  earlT  history  and  chaiae- 

(eristics o(  lift,  117 

Thknsmigntion  of  aows^  Tsimsheaa 

idea  Of,  105 
Trial  of  Mr.  Cunningham,   3141 

of  Collins,    the    whiskey-sellcr. 

aoS;  of  Peter  Garcotitch,  3091 

in  Judge  Duncan's  court,  300^ 

306 
Troubles  brewing   at   old  Metla- 

kahtia,  350 
"Try,    I    will,"    in     Tsimshean, 

Tsimshean,  meaning  of  die  word. 


a 
95 


fmahean    love   song,    m8;   ca- 
faauii  d 


■ot  song,  339) 


<uv^ 


Tsimshean  Indians  of  Metlakahtk 
around  Fort  Sirapaon  and  up  tha 
Nass  River,  (3, 61 ;  Mr.  Duncan 
acquires  a  knowledge  of  the 
native  tongue,  58;  their  otaa- 
nen,  customs,  religion,  and  leg- 
endary lore,  63,  64;  their  wars 
with  Indians  of  the  Interior,  65  { 
habiu  of  gambling,  80;  potlatch 
festivities,  76,  77 ;  their  totems 
and  clubs.  84;  dieir  medicine- 
men and  religious  ideas,  93-.96, 
loi ;  they  cremate  their  dead, 
75  S  language  of.  61 ;  Mr.  Du- 
can's  addresses  to,  136,  1371 
baptism  of  the,  149 

Tuberculosis  and  pulmonary  trao^ 
les,  epidemic  of,  331 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


4iP 


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11.0 


IttlM     123 

lit  Itt    12.2 


1.25  lu 


150mm 


LIEO^ 


APPLIED  ^  ir\/HGE .  Ine 

laBSEMIMnSirMl 
nochwHr.  NY  146M  USA 

Ptafw:  naMKHaoo 
Fn:  7iaaM-saM 


IMS.  «wMd  kiMfi,  kie..  M  IVgNi  ftMwvM 


^^S^ 

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^^ 


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8M 


INDEX 


r 


Tt^wtll.  Rttr.  L,  S.,  MMoMrr. 
arrival  of  from  England  to  aMiit 
Mr.  Duncan  in  bit  work,  14a} 
Dapriw  Arst  converts,  149;  rt- 
tsma  to  England  with  hit  wife, 
149;  Mr.  Uuncaa's  eapericaot 
with,  37a 

*  Tampaldo  "  (1  wUi  try),  59 

Undinominational    church    at 

Metlakahtia,  358 
Uabiihfnlness  in  wife  puaiihable 

bjr  death.  8a 
United  Sutet  Commiiiioner,  Mr. 

Dnncaa  a,  310 
Uiher,  George,  hia  tong,  993 ;  e«- 

ttact  from  hit  termon,  965,  a9a  j 

nil  rcligiottt  exhortation,  340 

Vbnn,  Rbv.  HntRT,  General  Sec- 
retary of  the  Charch  Miinonary 
Society,  140;  death  of,,  340 

Victoria,  R  C,  Mr.  Duncan  arrires 
there  fix>m  EngUnd  and  is  of- 
ficiailv  received  by  Governor 
I>oacIai  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Co.,  43;  the  city  in  1857,  43; 
Mr.  Duncan  at.  141 ;  outbrnk 
of  smallpox  at,  153 

Victoria  to  Sitka,  trading  Khoooer 
between,  197 

ViUage,  a  model  Christian,  15 1, 334 

Village  council  appointed,  a,  ila- 
»4 

Village  taxes  at  old  Metlakahtia. 
155.  «M 

Farv»,  H.  M.  S.,  3a 

Visit  of  Lord  DuBerin,  in  1876, 
136 ;  of  Bishop  Bompas  in  1877, 
a4S :  of  Admiral  Prevost  in  1878^ 
apt  of  Governor  Knapp.  317; 
of  Mr.  Duncan  to  England,  aaa 

Visitors,  nouble,  236 

Voice,  Mr.  Duncan's  phenumenal, 
as  a  youth,  at 

Voices  of  prima  donnas  at  Metla- 
kahtia, 337 

Volunteers,  Metlakahtia,  341 

Waom  paid  by  Mr.  OuBcaii,  for 
work  done,  175 


Wahcim  tHbe,  the, «« 

Wallace,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  JaMt^  a, 

Walls,  Kehind  the,  iiff 
Warship,    Bishop    Ridley's    calb 

for,  a7a 
War.  with  Indians  of  the  laterfor, 

Tsimshean,  65 
Washington,  D.  C,  Mr.  Duacaa 

goes  to,  to  seek  new  home  is 

Alaska,  a88  | 

Waterpower  used  for  sawing  wood 

shown  Indians,  181 
Water  sawi  wood,  181 
Weaving  plant  machinery  aemind. 

aa6,a3o  /--i    — . 

Weesner,  Mr.  and  Mn.  E.  W.. 
3»9 

Welknme,  Henry  S.,  joa,  tat 

West,  Miss  M.,  of  the'iUdle* 
Home,  a97 

"Westminsur  Abbey,"  Mr.  Duo- 
can's,  3ai 

Whipping,  good  efccts  of  one,  aot 

Whiskey  banned  and  its  use  forbid- 
den at  Metkkahtla,  190;  trial 
and  tribulation  of  whiakey-tcU- 
ers,  ao6 

White  Christ,  story  of  the.  10* 

White,  Harry,  ail 

White  plague,  deaths  from,  331 . 

Whites,  tradition  of  the  fiiat  visitaf 
to  the  coast,  63,  65 

WhoopingK»ugh.  epidemic  of,  331 

Wifebeadng,  Mr.  Duncan's  im. 
ishment  for,  305,  ao6 

Wind  storm,  3ao 

Wine,  Uw  against  giving  TutHfiTj 

MWcw/,  OUvtr,  U.  S.  revenue  cut- 
ter arrives  at  old  Methkahtla. 
«73 

Womakwot,  brother  of  Highmas. 
185  ^^ 

Woman  slave  carried  to  distaat 
tribes  in  Alaska,  a3K 

Woodcock's  Unding,  ao9 

Wooden  wife,  legend  of  the 
with  the,  104 

^°?1i'  Archdeacon,  bis  deacTiptkm 
of  Metlakahtia,  ajj 


INDEX 


895 


Worluop,  EaibBd.  niddt  of  land- 
lord of  batcl  at,  aj 

World,  creation  of  the,  loi 

Worship  of  ihc  mooo,  TrinuhMui, 
106 

Wrangal,  Monnt,  103 

YACQtTA,  or  StjnMW  Nanom,  47 


Gospel    h 
at    Mei 


>el     hvmn 
cikkahtla. 


Yellow  Hill,  131 

Young     People's 

song    service 


ZoK>  band,  girls',  337 
Zaraet,  Jeremiah,  a  FmebOtD*' 
diaa,330 


"TIm  Enduring  Novditt  of  tht  Cmtafjr" 

RALPH  CONNOR 


NMorfy  Tw9  MUHmt  SM  tf 
Ttu0  Rtdfy  Mumttm  T^ltt 

THK  DOCTOR 
ATtbofite 

THE  PROSPECTOR 
ATabo(tteCf«iKilf«l 

THE  MAN  FROM  GLENGARRY 
ATahoftkaOMkwt.   HJH 

GLENGARRY  SCHOOL  DAYS 
A8lwya(BarlyO»|tiaOlniKnf  MB>b 

THE  SKY  PILOT 

ATkbaltkaVoatkUli.  MJik 

BLACK  ROCK 
ATabofth* 


THE    LIFE   OF   JAMES    ROBERTSON 
By  RALPH  COMMOE 


TWO  OtPT  BOP'S  MY  KALUt  COMiOM 

GWEN 


THE  ANGEL  AND  THE  STAR 
CM 


fi3fitag%SMi2 


jl 


Billy  Topsail  and  Company 

MorjBU  Daacu  hM  op— d  •  Iaa4  abeaadlM  tm 
pmu,  •icitaaiMi*  aod  banrdoas  iinarlaiirM 
puUctlf  imaiMibIa to tomwmS/  "■*"™"^ 

The  Adventures  of 
Billy  Topsail 

12mo,  UlMtniMl,  Sl.M. 

A  ri^pU«(  atory  oi  ad*aat«ra  by 


SVSJlSUr'bSII'i!?^  -•pwiiP'^I  Mil  apraad 

The  Suitable  Child 

niMtnttd  br  Elinbtth  Shippm   Oiwn. 
Girr  EornoN.     Handaomdy   DtumtMl 
Bourdt,  printwl  in  colon,  not  11.00. 
Popular  Editioii.    12no,  cioth,  nat  <0& 

The  Mother 

A  NoTdMta  of  N«w  York  Uh.     12aM>, 
doth,  11.35.    dt  Lu*,  Mt  $100. 

Dr.  Luke  of  the  Labrador 

I3mo,  cloth  $1.50. 

"N^JM  Duncan  baa  falUled  all  that  waa  ai- 

C2!!i*'  yiLl"  ••"■  **^^  "  aatabllahad  Urn 

Dr.  GrenfelPs  Parish 

niutniad.    Cloth,  net  $1.00. 

!'J9*  "l**  ^7*^]a  *"'  pictttraaqnelr  ■any  ot  tha 
lUaca  dona  by  Dr.  Crenfell  and  bk  mmc^T" 


JiL 


-AT.y.Stm., 


EDWARD  A.  STEINER 


Against  the  Current 

Simple  ChapMn  from  •  Complts  LUt. 
12mo,  doth,       •       •       •       dm  Sl.SO 

The  Immigrant  Tide- 
Its  Ebb  and  Flow 

nioMniKKl,  8to,  cloth,  dm  Sl.SO 

On  the  Trail  of  the  Immigrant 

4tk  BdkiM.    lUuttimttd,  12mo,  doth. 
Mt  11.50 

"Dnb  with  ih«  chmctar,  ttmptfmmmt, 
ncial  traitt,  aipintiom  and  captbiUtiw  of 
th«  immigrant"— Om/M. 

The  Mediator 

A  T«k  of  the  Old  Worid  and  th«  Ntw. 

lUnttratad,  12mo,  doth  Sl.SO 

"A  graphic  Mory,  splmdidly  told."— 
Rtitrt   Wakktrm,  Ctmmumntr  f^/««^ 


Tolstoy,  the  Man  and  His 
Message 

A  Biographical  Inttrpratatioa 

Ktviud  amd  nlmrguL    Ulottniod,  13mo, 
doth,  .       .       .       .       Mt  $I.SO 

"Tht  tniMt,  fairait  and  mott  mna  ttndj 
that  hat  yat  baan  mada." 

—PUUMpkim  Kttml. 

I4> 


By  Robert  E.  Knowles 

The  Handicap 

ANovdefPioaMrDtri.    NatSl.St. 

A  itwr  of  •  Uto  MM*  ta  ipHa  of  bandUy  h4 

The  Attic  Guest 

ATiboftiMSeath  and  North.  NttSl.aO. 
Kpbfrt  B.  KmwIm  bM  strack  ■  IrMk,  rick  v«ia 
wkick  wUI  ■adMbMdly  b«  proM«wc«4  kit  mmi 


The  Web  of  Time 

of  th*  Hainan  Haut 


A  R 

CkNh.  I1.M 

4«pMjlabM  apoa  tk«  nmUt'*  ova  capacity  for  ra- 
•poadiM  to  tba  )oy«  aad  ■arrow*  of  tba  •lapla  folk 
ilko  iakaMt  ita  pagn."-gtt0»i-ti«rmUt,  Ck4tmn. 

The  Dawn  at  Shanty  Bay 

A  Chriataaa  Story.  Doeoratod  and  lUna- 
tratad  by  Oriaalda  M.  McClura.  Cloth, 
bond,  nat  $1.00. 

**  A  aio*lBf  tala  in  whkb  ■treat  appaala  ara  aada 
to  ika  daapaat  foalian  of  baaiaa  aatara." 

The  Undertow 

ATalaolBothSidaaofthaaaa.  Cloth,|l.M. 
fWkat  to  raalljr  tka  liaat  part  of  tba  aotkor'a  work 


to  tbat  whieb  baa  to  do  la  Sriiwiat  oaFae  ftoaVaii? 


St.  Cuthbert's 


A  Fuiah  RooMnoa.    Cloth,  $1.50. 

"Wbat  laa   Maclaraa  baa  doM  for  bto  Scotch 

Klab  aad  what  Barrto  ha*  doaa  lor  Tbrams.  that 
^  bart  B.  Kaowlaa  baa  doaa  for  bto  Canadian 
cbarcb  UAU.»-AIUmy  Argut. 

— US 


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